scholarly journals High intensity and red enriched LED lights increased growth of lettuce and endive

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Flores ◽  
Miguel Urrestarazu ◽  
Asuncion Amorós ◽  
Victor Escalona
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Antioxidant Compound

Changes in plant responses have been associated with different fractions of the visible spectrum and light intensity. Advances in light emitting diodes (LED) have enabled the study of the effect of narrow wavelengths on plant growth and antioxidant compound synthesis. LED technology also facilitates the incorporation of light sources in a controlled setting where light spectra and intensity can be regulated. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of two commercial light spectra (S1: standard white light with 32.8% blue, 42.5% green, 21.7% red and 2.4% far red;S2: AP67 spectrum, designed for horticultural growth, with 16.9% blue, 20.5% green, 49.7% red and 12.3% far red) at two light intensities [LI: low intensity (78 µmol·m-2s-1 of photons for S1 and 62 µmol·m-2s-1 for S2, and HI: high intensity (102 and 100 µmol·m-2s-1 for S1 and S2, respectively)] on growth and antioxidant compound contents in two leafy vegetables: endive (Cichorium endivia L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and DW% of plants were taken as growth indicators. Leaf number, SPAD index, leaf area (LA) and specific leaf area (SLA) were also evaluated. Antioxidant synthesis was measured as total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity (AA). The results showed that S2 and HI increased the FW, DW, and LA in both species. On the other hand, antioxidant compound contents were significantly increased by HI but did not vary with the spectrum.

scholarly journals Light spectra trigger divergent gene expression in barley cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arantxa Monteagudo ◽  
Álvaro Rodríguez del Río ◽  
Bruno Contreras-Moreira ◽  
Tibor Kiss ◽  
Marianna Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Light Spectra

AbstractLight spectra influence barley development, causing a diverse range of responses among cultivars that are poorly understood. Here, we exposed three barley genotypes with different light sensitivities to two light sources: fluorescent bulbs, over-representing green and red wavebands, and metal halide lamps, with a more balanced spectrum. We used RNA sequencing to identify the main genes and pathways involved in the different responses, and RT-qPCR to validate the expression values. Different grades of sensitivity to light spectra were associated with transcriptional reprogramming, plastid signals, and photosynthesis. The genotypes were especially divergent in the expression of genes regulated by transcription factors from MADS-box, WRKY, and NAC families, and in specific photoreceptors such as phytochromes and cryptochromes. Variations in light spectra also affected the expression of circadian clock, flowering time, and frost tolerance genes, among others, resembling plant responses to temperature. The relation between PPD-H1, HvVRN1, and HvFT1 expression might explain genotypic differences. Light-sensitive genotypes experienced a partial reversion of the vernalization process and senescence-related stress under the less favorable light quality conditions. The observed light-quality sensitivities reveal a complex mechanism of adaptation to regions with specific light quality features and/or possible regulation of light spectra in plant development during early spring.HighlightDevelopment genes were affected by light quality in the barley varieties tested. Different grades of sensitivity were related to the expression of transcription factors, senescence, light signaling and cold-regulated genes.

scholarly journals Nutritional and Antioxidant Potential of Fiddleheads from European Ferns

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Marcela Dvorakova ◽  
Karolína Pumprova ◽  
Žaneta Antonínová ◽  
Jan Rezek ◽  
Daniel Haisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Comparable Amount ◽  
Fern Species

Ferns are part of the diet and traditional medicine in East Asia, North America, and Oceania, however, their importance has been forgotten in Europe. Here, the nutritional and antioxidant potential of young fern fronds (fiddleheads) of eight families were studied. Most of the tested fern species excelled in high antioxidant capacity when compared to the reference leafy vegetables spinach and rocket. On average, the total phenol content reached 220 mg·g−1 of extract dry weight for all fiddleheads, and 15 out of 24 tested species exceeded 1 g Trolox equivalent per gram of extract dry weight in Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay. On the other hand, fiddleheads contained a comparable amount of carotenoids and ascorbic acid with the reference vegetables. In the case of fatty acid composition, fiddleheads contained especially high amounts of essential omega-3 (n3) and omega-6 (n6) polyunsaturated fatty acids with a beneficial n6/n3 ratio. The n6/n3 ratio in all tested species was between 2 and 6.4, whereas the ratio in the reference vegetables was below 0.4. All in all, fiddleheads from European ferns are a rich source of valuable antioxidants and essential fatty acids with a desirable n-6/n-3 ratio and may thus form an alternative source of these compounds, especially for those people not consuming fish and fish products.

scholarly journals Influence of Phosphorus forms on Growth and Yield of Cowpea, Kales and Amaranth Vegetable Species

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fidelis W. Githua ◽  
Winnie Ntinyari ◽  
Nicholas K. Korir ◽  
Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Maximum production potential of leafy vegetable is limited by phosphorous (P) deficiency in the soils. This is due to the high cost of the phosphate fertilizer and the fixed form of the available phosphorous in the soil. There is therefore, need for farmers to use alternative and cheaper sources of P that are economic friendly to supply the required mineral nutrition to their crops. Rock phosphate is widely available but has a challenge in solubilization to make P available to the crops. In the current study, the aim was to evaluate the effect phosphate forms and acidulate rock phosphate on growth and yield of selected leafy vegetables. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design in split-plot arrangement, with three leafy vegetables (cowpeas, kales and amaranth) being the main plots, and various sources of P (Triple super phosphate (TSP)  Mijingu Phosphate Rock(MPR), Mijingu phosphate Rock + sulphur (MPR)PR+S and control) constituting the subplots with three replicates. The collected data included: root dry weight, leaf area, shoot fresh weight and leaf area and was subjected to SAS for ANOVA and where there were significant differences between means were further separated using the Fischer’s LSD at 5% level of significance. The results revealed that there were significant increase in the growth parameters of the vegetables as an effects of phosphorus application compared with the control. TSP elicited the best results in all the tested parameters in 5 WAP, 6 WAP and 7 WAP respectively in both seasons  The highest value of root dry weight (11.2 g), leaf area (1905.0 cm2), number of branches (40.67) shoot fresh weight (236.8 g) as influenced by TSP application in the vegetable species. The MRP + sulphur  also followed in superiority  of increasing the growth parameters which is an indication that sulphur can be used in solubilizing rock phosphate and making it a suit alternative for farmers. Thus, farmers are advised to directly apply rock phosphate and sulphur to soil as a possible alternative to the more expensive soluble phosphate fertilizers in tropical cropping system.

scholarly journals The Effect of Light Spectrum on the Morphology and Cannabinoid Content of Cannabis sativa L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmaria Magagnini ◽  
Gianpaolo Grassi ◽  
Stiina Kotiranta
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Generative Phase

Cannabis sativa L. flowers are the main source of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) used in medicine. One of the most important growth factors in cannabis cultivation is light; light quality, light intensity, and photoperiod play a big role in a successful growth protocol. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 3 different light sources on morphology and cannabinoid production. Cannabis clones were grown under 3 different light spectra, namely high-pressure sodium (HPS), AP673L (LED), and NS1 (LED). Light intensity was set to ∼450 µmol/m2/s measured from the canopy top. The photoperiod was 18L: 6D/21 days during the vegetative phase and 12L: 12D/46 days during the generative phase, respectively. At the end of the experiment, plant dry weight partition, plant height, and cannabinoid content (THC, cannabidiol [CBD], tetrahydrocannabivarin [THCV], cannabigerol [CBG]) were measured under different light treatments. The experiment was repeated twice. The 3 light treatments (HPS, NS1, AP673L) resulted in differences in cannabis plant morphology and in cannabinoid content, but not in total yield of cannabinoids. Plants under HPS treatment were taller and had more flower dry weight than those under treatments AP673L and NS1. Treatment NS1 had the highest CBG content. Treatments NS1 and AP673L had higher CBD and THC concentrations than the HPS treatment. Results were similar between experiments 1 and 2. Our results show that the plant morphology can be manipulated with the light spectrum. Furthermore, it is possible to affect the accumulation of different cannabinoids to increase the potential of medicinal grade cannabis. In conclusion, an optimized light spectrum improves the value and quality of cannabis. Current LED technology showed significant differences in growth habit and cannabinoid profile compared to the traditional HPS light source. Finally, no difference of flowering time was observed under different R:FR (i.e., the ratio between red and far-red light).

IMPACT OF FERTILIZERS APPLICATION ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF VIGNA RADIATA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUPRIYA DIXIT ◽  
R. K. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Seedling Length

Currently, a real challenge for the workers in the agricultural research field is to stop or reduce the use of expensive agrochemicals/ chemical fertilizers which are hazardous to the environment as well as human health. Present study was aimed to improve the growth and obtain optimum yield of Vigna crop with eco-friendly, non-toxic way and to reduce the use of agrochemical/chemical fertilizer application in agricultural activities. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of chemical fertilizer (DAP) and biofertilizer ( Rhizobium strain) separately and in combination on seed germination and seedling growth (at 30 days) based on morphological parameters such as seedling length (cm), fresh weight (g), dry weight (g) and leaf area (cm)2 of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. After one month (30 Days) observations, it was found that seedling length, fresh and dry weights and leaf area were maximum in T4 and minimum in T15, T7 and T8 favored improved seedling length and leaf area whereas T7, T8, and T9 favored improved fresh and dry weights as compared to control.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

Irrigation of Geraniums with an Automatic Controlled Water Table System

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 522d-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Buxton ◽  
D.L. Ingram ◽  
Wenwei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Optimum Water

Geraniums in 15-cm pots were irrigated automatically for 8 weeks with a Controlled Water Table (CWT) irrigation system. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution supplied by a capillary mat with one end of the mat suspended in a trough below the bottom of the pot. The nutrient solution remained at a constant level in the trough. Nutrient solution removed from the trough was immediately replaced from a larger reservoir. The vertical distance from the surface of the nutrient solution and the bottom of the pot determined the water/air ratio and water potential in the growing media. Treatments consisted of placing pots at 0, 2, 4, and 6 cm above the nutrient solution. Control plants were irrigated as needed with a trickle irrigation system. Geraniums grown at 0,2 and 4 CWT were ≈25% larger than the control plants and those grown at 6 CWT as measured by dry weight and leaf area. Roots of plants grown at 0 CWT were concentrated in the central area of the root ball; whereas roots of plants in other treatments were located more near the bottom of the pot. Advantages of the CWT system include: Plant controlled automatic irrigation; no run off; optimum water/air ratio.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MINERAL DEFICIENCY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ON SHOOT AND ROOT MINERAL PARTITIONING IN THREE SUNFLOWER VARIETIES / EFECTO DE LA FALTA DE ELEMENTOS MINERALAS SOBRE LOS PARAMENTROS MORFOLOGICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS Y REPARTICION DE ELEMENTOS MINERALES DE LA PARTE SOBRE EL SUELO Y DE LA RAIZ EN TRES VARIEDADES / INFLUENCE DE LA CARENCE D’ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX SUR LES PARAMÈTRES MORPHOLOGIQUES ET PHYSIOLOGIQUES ET SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DES ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX ENTRE LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE ET LA RACINE POUR TROIS SORTES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Midaoui ◽  
Ahmed Talouizte ◽  
Benbella Mohamed ◽  
Serieys Hervé ◽  
Ait Houssa Abdelhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Matter Effect

SUMMARYAn experiment has been carried out in order to study the behaviour under mineral deficiency of three sunflower genotypes, a population variety (Oro 9) and two hybrids (Mirasol and Albena). Sunflower seedlings were submitted to five treatments: N deficiency (N0), P deficiency (P0), K deficiency (K0), N and K deficiency (N0K0) and a control. Plants were harvested when they reached 3-4 true pairs of leaves. Growth parameters measured (height, total leaf area, root length, root and shoot dry mater) were all significantly reduced by mineral deficiency. Leaf area was most reduced by N0 (-61%) and P0 (-56%). Total dry matter was most affected by N0 (-63%) and by N0K0 (-66%). Genotype comparisons showed that Oro 9 had the highest shoot dry matter while Albena had the lowest root dry matter. Effect of mineral deficiency on content and partitioning of N, P, K, Ca and Na was significant and varied according to treatments and among plant parts. Shoot dry weight was significantly correlated with root N content (r2=0.81) and root K content (r2=-0.61) for N0 and K0.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Manures on Growth, Rhizome Yield and Quality Attributes of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. U. Kamal ◽  
M. N. Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Yield And Quality

The investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of different organic manures on turmeric with reference to vegetative growth, biomass production, rhizome yield and its attributes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Turmeric showed better response to the application of organic manures. Plant with neem cake application had the taller plant (79.30 cm), maximum number of tillers per plant (5.40), leaf number (5.40), leaf area (44.09) leaf area index (0.429), fresh weight of halum ( 190.05g), fresh weight of root (49.13 g), fresh weight of rhizome per plant (256.21 g) and dry weight of halum (15.21g), dry weight of root (7.32 g), dry weight of rhizome per plant (40.35 g), total dry matter yield (6.85 t ha-1) than those received other types of manures. Moreover, yield attributes such as number of mother rhizomes per plant-1 (1.75), more number of primary rhizomes per plant-1 (5.19), secondary rhizomes per plant-1 (18.03) and tertiary rhizomes per plant (7.69) were also highly accelerated by neem cake application. Similarly, the same treatment expressed the best in terms of size of mother rhizome (7.69 cm), primary rhizome (21.86 cm) and secondary rhizomes (7.05 cm).All these parameters in cumulative contributed to  produce the highest estimated fresh rhizomes yield & cured rhizomes yield (29.48 t ha-1, 5.59 t ha-1 respectively). The highest curing percentage (20.28) was observed in T3 treatment having mustard cake@ 2.0 t/ha. Thus, organic manure like neem cake was best fitted natural fertilizer for turmeric cultivation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11060The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 16-22

Effects of carbon dioxide on Pharbitis, Xanthium, and Silene in short days

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1283-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Purohit ◽  
E. B. Tregunna
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Silene Armeria

The flowering response and other morphological characters of Pharbitis nil, Xanthium pennsylvanicum, and Silene armeria were studied in environments with different levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen under short-day conditions. Different light sources and intensities were also tested. Irrespective of the light source and intensity used, higher levels of carbon dioxide delayed or inhibited flowering as well as other morphological characters of the short-day plants but induced flowering in the long-day plant. Dry weight per unit leaf area as well as total chlorophyll increased with carbon dioxide concentration. The results are discussed in relation to some other recent reports, and it is proposed that large variations in photosynthetic rates of plants probably alter their photoperiodic response.

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