scholarly journals Occurrence of Salmonella infection and antimicrobial susceptibility for local Salmonella isolates from different sources in a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaymaa Abdelmalek ◽  
Mona Kadry ◽  
Esraa A. Elshafiee ◽  
Wafy Hamed ◽  
Ihab Mohamed Moussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salmonella Serotype ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Human Stool

Salmonellosis is a considerable public health problem worldwide, with high economic importance in developed countries. The main purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella infection and antibiogram analysis of isolated strains in a cross-sectional study in Egypt 2016-2017. The study investigated twenty-eight Salmonella isolates from different areas in Egypt and different types of samples, such as human stool (9.3%), Egyptian cattle egrets and storks (28.5%) and grilled chicken from electric grills (36.6%). No isolates were detected from grilled chicken from charcoal grills or drinking water. The main Salmonella serotype detected in the isolates was S. typhimurium (86.5%). Molecular characterization of the invA gene by PCR was carried out and then confirmed by sequencing, and the results were submitted to GenBank. Antibiogram analysis of Egyptian isolates carried out on 9 antimicrobial discs reported that the routine regimes of treatment were not yet effective for recent new Salmonella generations in 2016-2017. The new isolates could be treated with levofloxacin, cefaperazone/sulbactam, chloramphenicol, imipenem or meropenem.

scholarly journals Characterization ofMycobacterium bovisfrom Humans and Cattle in Namwala District, Zambia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Malama ◽  
Tone Bjordal Johansen ◽  
John Bwalya Muma ◽  
Musso Munyeme ◽  
Grace Mbulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem in Zambia. While human to human transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosisis of major importance in driving the tuberculosis epidemic, the impact ofMycobacterium bovistransmission from infected cattle is largely unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed at molecular characterization ofM. bovisin humans and cattle. A total of 100 human sputum samples and 67 bovine tissues were collected and analyzed for the presence of mycobacteria. Of 65 human samples that harbored acid fast bacteria (AFB), 55 isolates were obtained of which 34 were identified asM. tuberculosisand 2 asM. bovis. AFB-positive bovine samples (n=67) yielded 47 mycobacterial isolates among which 25 were identified asM. bovisand noM. tuberculosiswas found. Among theM. bovisisolates, spoligotyping revealed a high homogeneity in genotypes circulating in Namwala district. Human and cattle isolates shared identical MIRU-VNTR genotypes, suggesting that transmission between the two hosts may occur. Therefore, this study has documented zoonotic TB in human patients in Namwala district of Zambia. However, further molecular epidemiological studies in the study area are recommended.

Genomic, Metagenomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of the Clinical Forms of COVID-19: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Rodriguez ◽  
Nicolas de Prost ◽  
Slim Fourati ◽  
Claudie Lamoureux ◽  
Guillaume Gricourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Forms

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Home Confinement in Children’s Refractive Errors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5347
Author(s):  
Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina ◽  
Clara Martinez-Perez ◽  
Cesar Villa-Collar ◽  
Cristina Andreu-Vázquez ◽  
Alicia Ruiz-Pomeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Visual Screening ◽  
Near Work ◽  
The Impact

Background: Myopia is a public health problem, with estimations that 50% of the world population will be myopic by 2050. Some environmental factors, such as time spent outdoors, doing near work, and using digital devices, influence the development of myopia in children. Home confinement in Spain has increased these risk factors, so this study aims to investigate the impact of home confinement during the COVID-19 outbreak in the vision of school-aged children; Methods: A cross-sectional study in children between 5 and 7 years old that completed a visual screening and a questionnaire about their lifestyles at opticians in Spain in September and October of 2019 and 2020. Statistical analysis to compare lifestyles pre and post confinement, and vision in 2020 versus a similar cohort examined at the same opticians in 2019, was conducted; Results: Spanish children spent less time outdoors and more time doing near work in 2020 than in 2019 (p ≤ 0.001). There was a significant decrease of the spherical equivalent (mean ± standard deviation; 0.66 ± 2.03 D in 2019 vs. 0.48 ± 1.81 D in 2020; p ≤ 0.001); Conclusions: Lifestyles of Spanish children changed during the home confinement at the beginning of 2020. Together with changes in their lifestyles, spherical equivalents have decreased, which implies higher figures of myopia for children aged between 5 and 7.

scholarly journals Obstetric Violence in Spain (Part III): Healthcare Professionals, Times and Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3359
Author(s):  
Desirée Mena-Tudela ◽  
Susana Iglesias-Casás ◽  
Víctor Manuel González-Chordá ◽  
María Jesús Valero-Chillerón ◽  
Laura Andreu-Pejó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Obstetric Violence

Background: Obstetric violence is a worldwide public health problem, which seems greater in Spain. As no studies were found that identify the most representative healthcare professionals, times, and areas involved in obstetric violence, the objective of this work was to study at what time of maternity, with which professionals, and in what areas women identified obstetric violence. Methods: This descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was performed from January 2018 to June 2019. The main variables were the area (hospital, primary care, both), the time (pregnancy, birth, puerperium), and the professionals attending to women. Results: Our sample comprised 17,541 participants. The area identified with the most obstetric violence for the different studied variables was hospitals. Women identified more obstetric violence at time of birth. Findings such as lack of information and informed consent (74.2%), and criticism of infantile behavior and treatment (87.6%), stood out. The main identified healthcare professionals were midwives and gynecologists, and “other” professionals repeatedly appeared. Conclusions: Having identified the professionals, times, and areas of most obstetric violence in Spain, it seems necessary to reflect on not only the Spanish National Health System’s structure and management but also on healthcare professionals’ training.

Status of Histopathology Services In Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S120-S120
Author(s):  
G O Yeabyo
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer ◽  
Great Public Health ◽  
Cancer Diseases

Abstract Introduction/Objective Cancer is one of a great public health problem in developing countries like Ethiopia and scarcity of histopathology laboratory is another burden for diagnosis and follow up of cancer diseases. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the accessibility of histopathology services in Ethiopia. Methods Cross sectional study design were used to analyze the status of histopathology services in Ethiopia. Results There are 13 histopathology laboratories in the nation and a survey was conducted at these institutions. Out of these 13 Histopathology services seven are located in the capital, Addis Ababa and six found out of the capital located in four different regions. About 40,239,100 habitants have no histopathology service around their catchment area. Conclusion There are very limited histopathology laboratories, as a result diagnosis and prevention of cancer diseases are inadequate throughout the country.

scholarly journals Use of complementary and alternative therapies by patients with eye diseases: a hospital-based cross-sectional study from Palestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dania Jaber ◽  
Rafat Abu Ghannam ◽  
Waleed Rashed ◽  
Mohammad Shehadeh ◽  
Sa’ed H. Zyoud
Keyword(s):  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Therapies ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

Abstract Background Generally, complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) are accepted methods of treatment by patients with various types of conditions. Their use is becoming especially prevalent among patients with eye problems even in developed countries. Thus, we aimed to determine the pattern of use of CAT in this patient population, to identify the patient characteristics associated with the use of CAT, and to assess the types of CAT used. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in Palestine at An-Najah National University Hospital between the time periods of October 2019 to May 2020, using questionnaire-based face to face interviews. Data were collected through convenience sampling. Patients responded to the questionnaire, which was focused on information adapted from previous research in this area, covering socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, types of CAT, source of information, and side effects on CAT use. Results A total of 86 patients were interviewed for our study. Over two thirds, 67% reported using CAT for the specific purpose of improving their eye condition, and about one third (29.1%) received more than one therapy. The most common therapies reported were duea’ (i.e. supplication) (47.1%) and herbal therapies (24.1%). It was shown that patients with bilateral involvement of their eyes were almost twice more likely to describe using CAT than patients with unilateral eye pathology (p = 0.006). Also, patients who underwent surgery as their route of treatment were significantly less likely to use CAT (p = 0.043). Most of our study participants mentioned a non-physician source as their source of information regarding CAT with family members being the most frequently mentioned (30.2%) followed by the internet (25.6%) and friends (19.8%). Conclusions The prevalence of CAT use among patients with eye disease is somewhat high in our study population. Because CAT may trigger adverse reactions, influence the progression of the disease, and interfere with conventional treatment, the ophthalmologist should frequently be asked patients with such diagnostics regarding the use of these therapies. Further work is required to analyze the mechanisms of action and to establish realistic guidelines for the use of these modalities.

Evaluation of Supratentorial Brain Neoplasms - A Cross Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Surendranagar, Gujarat

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (26) ◽  
pp. 2253-2259
Author(s):  
Mohit B. Gor ◽  
Kuldeepsinh D. Mori ◽  
Mehul N. Bavishi ◽  
Nirmala C. Chudasama ◽  
Jaypalsinh D. Barad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiplanar Imaging ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

BACKGROUND Brain tumours represents 1.7 % of all cancers and contributes 1.8 % of all cancer deaths. Of all the brain tumours, 80 % are supratentorial.1 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important modality, having higher sensitivity for detecting intracranial pathology. Multiplanar imaging is possible with MRI which helps in detection, localization and characterization of the lesion. MRI examination has helped in early diagnosis, accurate localization of the tumour, with prompt initiation of appropriate medical or surgical therapy. Recent advances like magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy, MR fluoroscopy with stereotactic guided biopsy have revolutionized the role of MRI in study of intracranial tumours. METHODS A cross sectional study of 75 patients was done by Siemens Essenza 1.5T MRI from June 2018 to June 2020 using dedicated head coil. RESULTS In our study, most of the patients were between 31 - 60 years of age (39 % of all patients) with the largest group between 31 - 40 years (20 % of all patients). Out of 75 cases of supratentorial neoplasms, 47 (72 %) were intra-axial lesions, 15 (23 %) were extra-axial lesions and 3 (5 %) were intra ventricular lesions. In this study, 69 % of the lesions were solitary and 31 % were multiple. Most of patients (89 %) showed some enhancement, most common being heterogeneous/inhomogeneous enhancement. Commonest type of supratentorial neoplasms were metastases comprising 29 % of this study. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic resonance imaging is an important modality, having higher sensitivity for detecting intracranial pathology. Multiplanar imaging is possible with MRI which helps in early detection, localization and characterization of the lesion. Metastasis is the most common supratentorial tumour in this study followed by meningioma. Intra-axial tumours are more common than extra-axial tumours in this study. KEYWORDS MRI, Metastasis, Glioma, Meningioma

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of AsymptomaticLeishmania donovaniamong Laborers and Associated Risk Factors in Agricultural Camps of West Armachiho District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Animen Ayehu ◽  
Yibeltal Aschale ◽  
Wossenseged Lemma ◽  
Animut Alebel ◽  
Ligabaw Worku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also called kala-azar) is a public health problem in Ethiopia, especially in sesame and sorghum growing areas. Compared to other populations, labor migrants are the most exposed. Knowing the seroprevalence ofLeishmania donovaniand associated risk factors is essential to design appropriate control measures. The main aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers and associated risk factors in agricultural camps of West Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofL. donovaniinfection.Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 laborers from October to December 2017. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants from selected agricultural camps. After obtaining written informed consent, data were collected using a structured pretested Amharic version questionnaire using the interview technique. A single finger prick blood sample was collected from the study participants and the blood samples were subjected to the serological diagnostic method using the rk39 kit. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated withL. donovaniinfection.Result. Among 185 participants examined using rk39, 14 (7.6%) were seroreactive forL. donovani.Leishmania donovaniinfection had a statistically significant association with sleeping underBalanitestrees (AOR: 4.36, 95%CI: 1.186-16.06), presence of domestic animals near sleeping place (AOR: 4.68, 95% CI: 1.25-17.56), and lack of knowledge about VL transmission (AOR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.07-13.47).Conclusion. Seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers in agricultural camps of West Armachiho was low. Prevention measures and health education about risk factors that expose toL. donovaniinfection for the laborers are essential to prevent the spread of the disease.

scholarly journals Microalbuminuria in Ischaemic Stroke and its Relationship with Neurological Defects

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
S S Chowdhury ◽  
T Mehdi ◽  
F Alam ◽  
R Ishrat ◽  
S Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Stroke is Me third common cause of death in developed countries. Ischaernic stroke accounts for about 83 percent of all cases. For ischaemic stroke, besides modifiable and nononodifiable risk factors. there are some potential nosy risk factors which include mieroalbuminuria. Site objective of this study was to observe the association of microalbuminuria with isehaemic stroke and as well as consequent neurological deficits. This cross sectional study was done among 100 diagnosed patients of ischaeoric stroke of both sexes. A structured questionnaire and checklist was used to collect data through face to face interview. Urinary microalbuminuria was mesured in all study subjects and assessment of necrological defects was done by modified Ranakin scale. The study revealed that the frequency of presence of microallmminteria was significantly high in ischaernic stroke. Higher the level of mieroalburninuria higher was the necrological deficit. So, microalbunrinuria may be a marker for the process to develop the ischamnic stroke.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Subgingival Cultivable Microbiota in Patients with Different Stages of Periodontitis in Spain and Colombia. A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Roquelina Pianeta ◽  
Margarita Iniesta ◽  
Diana Marcela Castillo ◽  
Gloria I. Lafaurie ◽  
Mariano Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Campylobacter Rectus ◽  
Parvimonas Micra ◽  
Final Sample

The objective was to characterize and compare the subgingival microbiota in patients diagnosed according to the World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions 2018. For this cross-sectional study, Spanish and Colombian subjects (characterized as health/gingivitis, periodontitis in stages I-II or stages III-IV) were clinically assessed, and subgingival samples were taken and processed by culture. The comparisons among patients with periodontal status (and between countries) was made using Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, ANOVA and chi-square tests. The final sample consisted of 167 subjects. Eikenella corrodens and Parvimonas micra were more frequently detected in health/gingivitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontitis (p < 0.05). Higher total counts were observed in Colombia (p = 0.036). In Spain, significantly higher levels of P. gingivalis and Campylobacter rectus were observed, and of Tannerella forsythia, P. micra, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces odontolyticus and Capnocytophaga spp. in Colombia (p < 0.001). P. micra was more prevalent in health/gingivitis and stage I-II periodontitis in Colombia, and P. gingivalis in all periodontitis groups in Spain (p < 0.05). As conclusions, significant differences were detected in the microbiota between health/gingivitis and periodontitis, with minor differences between stages of periodontitis. Differences were also relevant between countries, with Colombia showing larger counts and variability of bacterial species.

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