scholarly journals Microalbuminuria in Ischaemic Stroke and its Relationship with Neurological Defects

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
S S Chowdhury ◽  
T Mehdi ◽  
F Alam ◽  
R Ishrat ◽  
S Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Stroke is Me third common cause of death in developed countries. Ischaernic stroke accounts for about 83 percent of all cases. For ischaemic stroke, besides modifiable and nononodifiable risk factors. there are some potential nosy risk factors which include mieroalbuminuria. Site objective of this study was to observe the association of microalbuminuria with isehaemic stroke and as well as consequent neurological deficits. This cross sectional study was done among 100 diagnosed patients of ischaeoric stroke of both sexes. A structured questionnaire and checklist was used to collect data through face to face interview. Urinary microalbuminuria was mesured in all study subjects and assessment of necrological defects was done by modified Ranakin scale. The study revealed that the frequency of presence of microallmminteria was significantly high in ischaernic stroke. Higher the level of mieroalburninuria higher was the necrological deficit. So, microalbunrinuria may be a marker for the process to develop the ischamnic stroke.

scholarly journals Investigation into the Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Infection in Calves among Small-Holder Dairy and Traditional Herds in Tanzania

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel S. Swai ◽  
Luuk Schoonman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
House Floor ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and risk factors of cryptosporidiosis in bovine from two contrasting production system in and around Tanga municipality between May 2003 and January 2004. The study populations comprised 117 calves aged ≤3 months, randomly selected from 44 smallholders dairy and traditional managed herds, respectively. Individual calf and herd-level information was collected using a structured questionnaire and feacal samples were screened forCryptosporidiumspp oocysts using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Overall, 35% of the calves in the study were sheddingCryptosporidiumspp oocysts, with at least one positive calf detected in 54.5% of herds. Independent risk factors for cryptosporidiosis were: age ≥1 to ≤2 months and level of cleanness of calf house floor categorized as dirty (). Similarly an increases risk ofCryptosporidiumspp infection was found in calves from smallholder dairy units compared to traditional herds (). The finding highlights thatCryptosporidiumspp is prevalent among calves in the area under study. The high prevalence of cryptosporidiosis detected in this study suggests that it may have a significant impact on livestock industry and that the close interaction between cattle and human may play a role in zoonotic transmission to humans.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study of Secondary Glaucoma with Special Reference to Its Proportion, Causes and Its Risk Factors in a Tertiary Care Hospital - A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Partha Chakma ◽  
Debal Kisor Pal ◽  
Amar Kanti Chakma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Glaucoma ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause

BACKGROUND Secondary glaucoma is an anatomically identifiable abnormality which in turn is an underlying cause of the events that lead to aqueous outflow obstruction and rise in the intraocular pressure. This prospective study mainly highlights the secondary glaucoma with special reference to its proportion, causes and its risk factors in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS This study was a cross sectional study. Patients, who attended the Department of Ophthalmology after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria diagnosed with secondary glaucoma, were included in the study. The study period was from February 2018 to June 2020. A standard form was filled up for each patient documenting parameters and findings of various examinations and was evaluated as per protocol. RESULTS Secondary glaucoma was seen in 0.2 % patients who visited during the study period. Out of 106 patients, males were 50, females were 56, with a male: female ratio of 1:1.1. The most common cause of secondary glaucoma was lens induced glaucoma seen in 44.34 % followed by uveitic glaucoma in 20.8 % cases, traumatic 17.9 %, neovascular 10.4 %, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma 2.8 %, pigmentary glaucoma 1.9 %, silicon oil induced 0.9 %, and uveitis-glaucomahyphema syndrome in 0.9 % cases. Around thirty five percent (34.9 %) cases presented with sudden onset of painful diminution of vision with nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSIONS Secondary glaucoma is still one of the prevalent diseases in this part of country. Lens induced glaucoma is still the most common cause of secondary glaucoma. Hypermature cataract, uveitis, trauma and neovascularisation are the different risk factors. KEYWORDS Secondary Glaucoma, Lens Induced Glaucoma, Phacomorphic Glaucoma, Uveitic Glaucoma

scholarly journals Subtypes, Risk Factors and Site of Stenosis of Ischaemic Stroke in a University Hospital in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shahidullah ◽  
Nahid Sultana ◽  
Subash Kanti Dey ◽  
Anis Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause

Stoke is the second most common cause of death and the most common cause of adult disability. To plan an efficient evaluation and treatment of an individual patient with ischaemic stroke, the clinician should be familiar with the subtyping of ischaemic stroke patients and the risk factors analysis of different aetiology. Eight hundred seventy-seven (877) patients have been selected for this cross-sectional study conducted in a university hospital of Bangladesh from 2014 to 2018, to whom brain imaging [Computed Tomography (CT)/ Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)], vascular imaging [Magnetic Resonance Angiogram (MRA), Digital Subtraction Angiogram (DSA)], ECG and echocardiography have been done. We did subtyping according to TOAST criteria. The mean age of patients was 60.5 ± 11 years. Most patients (29.33%) belonged to the age group 51 – 60, where 70.47% of subjects were male and 29.53% were female. In this study, 43.87% of patients were in the large artery atherosclerosis group, 23.83.% in the small vessel occlusion group, 8.46% in the cardiac embolism group, 19.30% in the undetermined aetiology group and 4.54% in other determined aetiology. Among risk factors hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia was present in 58.15%, 38.42%, and 38.88% of patients, respectively. In ischaemic stroke patients, large artery atherosclerosis was the most common subtype and hypertension was significant in this group. Extracranial stenosis was more common in ischaemic stroke.

Prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in Poland: multicentre cross-sectional study in 40,095 patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Jawien ◽  
T Grzela ◽  
A Ochwat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: To study the prevalence, clinical expression and risk factors of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in 40,095 Polish adults. Method: This was a multicentre cross-sectional study with 803 participating primary care physicians. Results: The study population was mainly female (84%). The mean age was 44.8 years. Of the total population, 10% presented with oedema, 34.3% had varicose veins, with approximately the same proportion in males and females and 1.5% presented with past or active ulceration. A similar prevalence of CVI to that observed in the developed countries was reported in Poland. Obesity, the number of pregnancies and a positive family history were found to be risk factors for CVI. Female gender was not shown to be a risk factor for varicose veins. Conclusions: The relationship between the presence of symptoms and signs of CVI was high, whatever the gender. Thus, the previously described dominance of the disease in females is losing its significance.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic distribution of hypertension and its risk factors among urban slum adults of Tirupati: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Sankar Deekala ◽  
Ravi Prabhu G. ◽  
Altaf Hussain R. ◽  
Saritha Kadari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Distribution ◽  
Urban People

Background: Some of the community surveys have documented that between three and six decades, prevalence of hypertension has increased by about 30 times in urban people and by about 10 times among the rural area people. Urban population of developing countries is showing similar prevalence to that of developed countries. Treating hypertension has been associated with 15% reduction in incidence of myocardial infarction and 40% reduction of stroke. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of hypertension among adults aged between 30-50 years in selected urban slum areas of Tirupati and to know the associated important risk factors with hypertension in the study subjects.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in urban slum community of Tirupati, to estimate the prevalence and its risk factors of Hypertension by using the JNC VII criteria. This study was conducted during January 2012 to February 2013, among 2136 subjects of 30-50 years age group. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found 481 (22.5%), majority of them belongs to the age group of 45-50 years 212 (44.0%) and lowest in 30-35 years 45 (9.3%). Hypertension was predominant in males 186 (30.1%) than females 295 (19.4%). Conclusions: This study found that there is increasing trend of prevalence of hypertension in the urban community. This study suggests to health planners to take remedial measures to address growing hypertension in the community through health education about lifestyle changes, dietary modification, and avoidance of stress. 

scholarly journals Husband’s Support for Breastfeeding and Breastfeeding Efficacy of Nepalese Mothers

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Sajama Nepali ◽  
Manodhara Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Continuing breastfeeding after three months of the postpartum period has been a challenge to mothers rather than their choice. The engagement of husbands in breastfeeding serves both as physical and mental support to their wives. This study aimed to assess the breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers, identify their husbands’ support for breastfeeding and examine the association between breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers and the husbands’ support for breastfeeding. Methods: This descriptive, cross sectional study recruited 110 mothers of infants, visiting Bungmati Health Post for immunization from July 2015 to November 2015. Mothers were interviewed face to face with semi structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23. Descriptive analysis was performed on the socio-demographic characteristics, delivery characteristics, breastfeeding self-efficacy and husbands’ support scale. Bivariate analysis was used to examine the association between breastfeeding self-efficacy and husbands’ support scale and other outcomes. Results: Majority (94%) of the mothers reported to be confident on the breastfeeding self-efficacy, while 95 percent of their husbands were supportive towards breastfeeding. A significant association was seen between the breastfeeding self-efficacy and the husbands’ support scale (p<0.04). Mothers who received support from husbands were 10 times more likely to report confidence on breastfeeding than those who did not. Conclusions: The results suggested that husbands’ support increases the breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers. Based on this finding, it is recommended that involvement of husband is crucial for encouraging mother to breastfeed child. Tweetable Abstract: Mothers who received support from their husbands were 10 times significantly more likely to breastfeed.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of acute diarrhea in Pudong, Shanghai, China: prevalence, risk factors, and healthcare-seeking practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (13) ◽  
pp. 2735-2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-X. YU ◽  
W.-P. ZHU ◽  
C.-C. YE ◽  
C.-Y. XUE ◽  
S.-J. LAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Past ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
The World

SUMMARYDiarrhea is a common cause of morbidity and mortality and the incidence of diarrhea in the world has changed little over the past four decades. To assess the prevalence of and healthcare practices for diarrhea, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Pudong, Shanghai, China. In October 2014, a total of 5324 community residents were interviewed. Respondents were asked if they had experienced diarrhea (defined as ⩾3 passages of watery, loose, bloody, or mucoid stools within a 24-h period) in the previous month prior to the interview. The monthly prevalence of diarrhea was 4·1% (95% CI: 3·3–4·8), corresponding to an incidence rate of 0·54 episodes per person-year. The proportion of individuals with diarrhea who sought healthcare was 21·2% (95% CI: 13·4–29·0). Diarrhea continues to impose a considerable burden on the community and healthcare system in Pudong. Young age and travel were identified as predictors of increased diarrhea occurrence.

scholarly journals Awareness of Osteoporosis among 368 Residents in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumer Kemal ◽  
Yawen Liu ◽  
Qiong Yu ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Shuman Yang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Prevention Of Osteoporosis

Abstract Background: Studies on osteoporosis awareness among general population in China are still limited. We examined the level of osteoporosis awareness among residents in China, determined the risk factors associated with lower level of osteoporosis awareness, and assessed the sources of their knowledge about osteoporosis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 368 general residents aged 30 years or older from 19 provinces during January-March 2018 in China. All participants were identified and interviewed face-to-face by medical students in Jilin University using a structured questionnaire. Osteoporosis awareness scores (percent of correct answer) was determined across several domains, including definition, diagnosis, risk factors, and prevention of osteoporosis. We used multiple linear regression models to test the relationship between risk factors and overall awareness scores. Results: The mean age of participants was 52.9 ± 10.2 years, and 53% of them were male. Osteoporosis awareness score for definition was 77.7%, diagnosis 49.6%, risk factors 49.2%, treatment 60.5%, and prevention 69.9%. The overall awareness score was 67.8%. Lower family income and education level were significantly associated with lower overall awareness score (all p <0.05). Television or radio health program was reported to be their main source of knowledge about osteoporosis. Conclusion: The awareness level for osteoporosis is moderate; lower family income and education level were risk factors for lower awareness. Television or radio health program had the greatest contribution to osteoporosis awareness.

scholarly journals Disability Burden of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications

1970 ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ziaul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Monthly Family Income ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Years Lived With Disability ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This specific analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the Out Patient Department (OPD) of BIRDEM hospital to estimate and compare disability burden of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and its complications during the period of January-June 2003. Data was collected by face-to-face interview with a semi-structured questionnaire and a checklist. To estimate disability burden, Years lived with Disability (YLD) was calculated. Out of total 154 patients, 53% were female while 47% were male and their mean age was 47.02 (± 8.42) years. Around 48% patients claimed the onset age of 40-49 years. Average monthly family income of the patients was TK.16,488.27±6042.40 and 27% of them were illiterate. Out of all, 72% patients had diabetes with complications while the rest 28% had diabetes without complications. With regard to disability burden, total 473.43 YLDs was shared by the patients of which only 20.46% YLD was shared by diabetes itself while major part of YLD (79.54%) was shared by its complications and the discrepancy was statistically significant (‘t'(152) =11.34, p < 0.01). It was revealed that the highest YLD was incurred by DM with cardiovascular diseases (37.56%) followed by DM with retinopathy (19.82%) and DM with nephropathy (12.98%). More YLD (52.65%) was shared by the patients with poor compliance with therapy while 34.27% and 13.08% YLD were incurred by the patients with moderate and good compliance with therapy respectively. Older patients shared more YLD than the younger patients and the disparity was statistically significant (‘t'(152)=9.53, p < 0.01). More YLD was shared by the patients with long duration of the disease than the patients with short duration and this divergence was statistically significant (‘t'(152)=8.71, p < 0.01). The study outcome will recommend for reduction of burden of DM by averting its major complications. Key Words: YLD, DM and Complications   doi:10.3329/jom.v10i3.2012 J Medicine 2009; 10 (Supplement 1): 22-26

scholarly journals A study to assess the prevalence of anaemia amongst adolescent girls residing in selected slum of Bhopal city

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena Melwani ◽  
Manju Dubey ◽  
Amreen Khan ◽  
Manju Toppo ◽  
Yachana Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Adolescence has been defined by the WHO as the period of life spanning the ages between 10 to 19 years. This is a vulnerable period in the human life cycle for the development of nutritional anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia among adolescents is 27% in developing countries and 6% in developed countries. The study was done with the objective to study the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls of selected urban slum of Bhopal.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted for a period of 3 months on adolescent girls residing in selected urban slum of Bhopal. 98 adolescent girls who were registered in Anganwadi and present at time of study were interviewed. The data regarding their socio-demographic profile, anthropometric measurements were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Hemoglobin level was also estimated using Hemocue (Hb 201) and participants were classified as having no, mild, moderate and severe anaemia based on WHO grading of anaemia. Data was compiled using MS Excel and analysed using Epi info 7.Results: Anaemia was present in 57.65% girls. Out of which 34.7% had mild, 44.9% had moderate and 20.4% had severe anaemia. 29.4% knew improper diet as a cause of anaemia followed by Vitamin deficiency (25.8%) and iron deficiency (22.3%). 29.4% girls did not know any cause of anaemia. Similarly 29.4% and 51.7% of study participants did not know of any symptoms and treatment of anaemia respectively.Conclusions: The overall prevalence of anaemia was high among study participants. Knowledge regarding anaemia, its symptoms, causes and treatment was very poor among study participants.

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