scholarly journals Brewery’s waste streams as a valuable substrate for Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jucker ◽  
M.G. Leonardi ◽  
I. Rigamonti ◽  
D. Lupi ◽  
S. Savoldelli
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
By Products ◽  
Brewery Wastes

The growing population and, consequently, the demand for food, has led to an increase in the agro-food activities, causing irreversible exploitation of natural resources. The use of insects for the management and recycling of by-products of the agro-food industry and for the production of proteins is growing. The Diptera Hermetia illucens is of particular interest as larvae are able to grow rapidly on numerous organic matters and are rich in proteins and fats. The identification of a low-cost and low-impact substrate suitable for the mass rearing of H. illucens is consequently of great interest. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of brewery wastes, spent grain and trub (used separately or mixed), as rearing substrate for the larvae. We evaluated the effect of these diets on preimmaginal performance (survival, developmental time, and weight reached) and adult traits (sex-ratio, dimension, and female fertility). As a result, the different substrates significantly impacted different biological traits. Best results, both for larvae and adults, were reported when the brewery wastes were provided together, leading to similar results obtained in a control diet and comparable to other previous studies. We conclude that brewery by-products can be valuable substrate for larval growth and in this way can be efficiently recycled and valorised.

scholarly journals Impact of Diets Including Agro-Industrial By-Products on the Fatty Acid and Sterol Profiles of Larvae Biomass from Ephestia kuehniella, Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Fatma Boukid ◽  
Jordi Riudavets ◽  
Lidia del Arco ◽  
Massimo Castellari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Ephestia Kuehniella ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Rearing insects on agro-industrial by-products is a sustainable strategy for the circular economy while producing valuable products for feed and foods. In this context, this study investigated the impact of larvae diet containing agro-industrial by-products on the contents of fatty acids and sterols of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). For each insect, selected diets were formulated using single or combined agro-industrial by-products (i.e., apricot, brewer’s spent grain and yeast, and feed mill) and compared to a control diet. Fatty acid profiles showed differences depending on diet composition, but mostly depended on species: H. illucens was characterized by the abundance of C12:0, C16:0 and C18:2, whereas C:16, C18:1(n-9c), and C18:2(n-6c) were predominant in T. molitor and E. kuehniella. Sterols significantly varied as a function of diet composition and species. H. illucens showed low cholesterol levels and high campesterol and β sitosterol levels (0.031, 0.554 and 1.035 mg/g, respectively), whereas T. molitor and E. kuehniella had high cholesterol and low campesterol contents (1.037 and 0.078 g/kg, respectively, for T. molitor; 0.873 and 0.132 g/kg, respectively, for E. kuehniella).

scholarly journals The Influence of by-Products From Brewery Spent Grain Hydrolysis on Lactic Acid Fermentation Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Lech
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
By Products

Abstract The brewery spent grain (BSG) is a lignocellulosic waste material produced in a huge amount around the world. Strict environmental protection law requires proper utilization. BSG can be transformed into easy-fermentable carbohydrates as a result of hydrolysis. This may be a low-cost raw material for biotechnological fermentation. The literature provides a lot of information that hydrolysis of lignocellulose creates by-products which can be potentially noxious to bacteria cells employed in fermentation. This research examined the influence of most of these by-products: furfural, acetic, formic, gallic, and levuilnic acid, on the LA fermentation effectiveness. These components were introduced to Lactobacillus cultures in various concentrations. The rate of cell growth, glucose consumption, and lactic acid production were measured. This components affects in various extent on LA formation in the culture. In any case, there is a critical value of them harms the fermentation, due to the reduced ability of bacteria propagation. Lower concentrations of bio-catalyst lead to an LA production efficiency drop. The LA concentrations in flasks after one day of propagation with the 2.1 [g/L] of appropriate inhibitor drop app. [%] 16 (F), 22 (GA), 8 (LevA), 40 (AA), and 100 (FA) in comparison to the flask without any inhibitor.

scholarly journals Possible application of brewer’s spent grain in biotechnology

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Pejin ◽  
Milos Radosavljevic ◽  
Olgica Grujic ◽  
Ljiljana Mojovic ◽  
Suncica Kocic-Tanackov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Beer Production ◽  
By Products

Brewer?s spent grain is the major by-product in beer production. It is produced in large quantities (20 kg per 100 liters of produced beer) throughout the year at a low cost or no cost, and due to its high protein and carbohydrates content it can be used as a raw material in biotechnology. Biotechnological processes based on renewable agro-industrial by-products have ecological (zero CO2 emission, eco-friendly by-products) and economical (cheap raw materials and reduction of storage costs) advantages. The use of brewer?s spent grain is still limited, being basically used as animal feed. Researchers are trying to improve the application of brewer?s spent grain by finding alternative uses apart from the current general use as an animal feed. Its possible applications are in human nutrition, as a raw material in biotechnology, energy production, charcoal production, paper manufacture, as a brick component, and adsorbent. In biotechnology brewer?s spent grain could be used as a substrate for cultivation of microorganisms and enzyme production, additive of yeast carrier in beer fermentation, raw material in production of lactic acid, bioethanol, biogas, phenolic acids, xylitol, and pullulan. Some possible applications for brewer?s spent grain are described in this article including pre-treatment conditions (different procedures for polysaccharides, hemicelluloses, and cellulose hydrolysis), working microorganisms, fermentation parameters and obtained yields. The chemical composition of brewer?s spent grain varies according to barley variety, harvesting time, malting and mashing conditions, and a quality and type of unmalted raw material used in beer production. Brewer?s spent grain is lignocellulosic material rich in protein and fibre, which account for approximately 20 and 70% of its composition, respectively.

Effects of two diets on adults’ survival and productivity in mass-rearing of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
S. Naser El Deen ◽  
F. Lamaj ◽  
V. Verrastro ◽  
L. Al Bitar ◽  
F. Baldacchino
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
By Products ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Yellow mealworm is a grain infesting pest that is receiving attention nowadays as an alternative protein source for humans and animals. Its ability to convert low quality feed, like organic by-products, into high-quality food increases its production sustainability. The feeding diet is one of the most important factors in rearing Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), which affects its growth, longevity and nutritional composition. Many by-products have been tested on larvae, but studies are scarce on adults. This work aimed to compare the effect of chicken feed diet (C) and wheat bran (B) by-product, as well as integrating yeast (CY and BY), on the adults’ reproduction and larval growth. Experiment was set up in a complete productive cycle of mass-rearing. The evaluation was done on the reproductive stage of the adults and the development of the larvae until harvesting (appearance of the first pupa). Results showed that the bran-based diets significantly improved the adults’ survival; after 50 days, mean of 110 and 146 adults survived on B and BY diets respectively compared to mean of 23 adults when reared on both chicken feed diets. Besides, wheat bran supplemented with yeast improved the total number of larvae (6,448.2 larvae) compared to bran diet (4,016.7 larvae). Whereas the two chicken feed-based diets had significant positive effect on the average larval weight; the maximum weight reached was 116.3 mg and 145.8 mg for larvae read on C and CY diets respectively compared to 47.8 mg and 57.3 mg on B and BY diets. Nevertheless, in 50 days of reproduction, the total larval biomass was highest on bran supplemented with yeast (283.1 g). In conclusion, the increase of sustainability and efficiency in mass-rearing of mealworms is possible by using appropriate diets on respective stages; bran-based diets for reproduction and chicken feed-based diets for larval growth.

scholarly journals Rearing of Hermetia Illucens on Different Organic By-Products: Influence on Growth, Waste Reduction, and Environmental Impact

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Bava ◽  
Costanza Jucker ◽  
Giulia Gislon ◽  
Daniela Lupi ◽  
Sara Savoldelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Substitution Method ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Sustainable Product ◽  
By Products

The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of three by-products as growing substrates for Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly (BSF)) larvae: okara, maize distiller, brewer’s grains, and a control hen diet. The study focused on larval growth and bioconversion performance, production of methane by larvae and environmental burden of larvae production, using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on a lab scale. Chemical composition of substrates differed: okara had the highest crude protein and ether extract contents, while brewer’s grains showed the highest fiber content. Larvae fed on a hen diet and maize distiller exhibited the highest final weights (2.29 and 1.97 g, respectively). Larvae grown on okara showed the highest indexes for waste reduction and efficiency of conversion of the ingested feed. The BSF larvae did not produce any detectable traces of CH4. LCA evaluation showed that larvae production on a hen diet resulted in the most impact for most of environmental categories, for the inclusion of soybean meal in the diet (for climate change, 5.79 kg CO2 eq/kg dry larvae). Feed production activities resulted in the main contributions to environmental impact. In order to compare the larvae production obtained on all substrates, an environmental impact was attributed to okara and brewer’s grain through a substitution method, and, by this approach, the best sustainable product resulted from the larvae grown on the maize distiller.

scholarly journals Utilization of spent millet from locally fermented drink (Burukutu) as experimental diets for Clarias gariepinus

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1699-1705
Author(s):  
K.U. Ogbe ◽  
I.A. Adikwu ◽  
P.M. Akombo ◽  
E. Dasuma
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
By Products

Brewer’s waste is one of the promising carbohydrate and protein source by-products for fish diets. A 10-wk feeding trial experiment involving 10 different diets (10 diets for Spent millet, from locally fermented drink (Burukutu) with increasing levels of brewer’s waste (40% crude protein) was carried out to evaluate the use of spent millet, from Burukutu production in Clarias gariepinus diets in place of normal Corn. Growth performance was compared against a control diet formulated to have similar composition to a typical commercial diet. 10 experimental diets replaced successively 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of the Corn carbohydrate with Spent millet from locally fermented drink, Burukutu.. The diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. A relatively good growth performance and nutrient utilization by Clarias gariepinus fed the test diets were observed. However, the results showed significant difference (p<0.05) in weight gain, SGR, FCR and RGR between treatments, with the control performing best. The result also showed that survival rate was high in all the treatment which indicate that, spent millet from burukutu production has no adverse effect on the experimented fish. Based on this research, it wasconcluded that 50% of the corn carbohydrate in a typicalcommercial diet could be replaced with spent grain (millet) from locally fermented drink (BKT) withno adverse effect on growth and feed utilization for Clarias gariepinus.

Productivity and larval growth of Tenebrio molitor reared on differently composed diets of similar nutritional composition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
S. Naser El Deen ◽  
F. Lamaj
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
By Products

The artificial diet of Tenebrio molitor has been a focal point of many studies that aimed to design the best diet combination. Recently, studies are focusing on the use of by-products and their efficiency as diets for rearing T. molitor. The rearing was successful on a wide range of by-products-based diets. The feed has a profound impact on the lifespan, growth, productivity and nutritional composition of T. molitor. Productivity is one of the traits highly influenced by the diet’s composition, especially macronutrients. This work aims to study the effect of eight different diets on the weight and productivity of females and their progeny weight: larval weight. Wheat bran, brewer’s yeast, spent grain and bread remains were used to compose the diets, based on different inclusion percentages of each by-product. The nutritional composition, mainly the macronutrients, of the diets had a narrow range of differences. The diets were designed in a way to avoid the effect of different nutritional compositions and study the effect of the by-products type only. Results showed that the female’s weight-change during the egg-laying period was not significant under different rearing diets. Moreover, the female’s productivity measured by the larval number showed no significant difference between the different diets. However, the total larval biomass (452.4 mg) was significantly higher for larvae reared on diet A composed of wheat bran and brewer’s yeast. Also, the total mean larval weight was significantly higher for larvae reared on diets A (3.1 mg) and G (3.2 mg) composed of wheat bran, brewer’s yeast and spent grain. The mentioned diets although composed of different by-products have similar amounts of protein and carbohydrates. These results prove that the type of by-products included in the experimental diets does not affect the reproductive performance of T. molitor, while it can affect larval growth.

Understanding the Role of Chlorine and Ozone to Control Postharvest Diseases in Fruit and Vegetables: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
Gabriela M. Baia ◽  
Otniel Freitas-Silva ◽  
Murillo F. Junior
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
By Products

Fruits and vegetables are foods that come into contact with various types of microorganisms from planting to their consumption. A lack or poor sanitation of these products after harvest can cause high losses due to deterioration and/ or pathogenic microorganisms. There are practically no post-harvest fungicides or bactericides with a broad spectrum of action that have no toxic residual effects and are safe. However, to minimize such problems, the use of sanitizers is an efficient device against these microorganisms. Chlorine is the most prevalent sanitizing agent because of its broad spectrum, low cost and well-established practices. However, the inevitable formation of disinfection by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), is considered one of the main threats to food safety. Alternative sanitizers, such as chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and ozone, are becoming popular as a substitute for traditional post-harvest treatments. Thus, this review addresses the use of chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone emphasizing aspects, such as usage, safe application, spectrum of action and legislation. In order to ensure the quality and safety of final products, the adoption of well-prepared sanitation and sanitation programs for post-harvest fruits and vegetables is essential.

scholarly journals Monomers, Materials and Energy from Coffee By-Products: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6921
Author(s):  
Laura Sisti ◽  
Annamaria Celli ◽  
Grazia Totaro ◽  
Patrizia Cinelli ◽  
Francesca Signori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Material Technology ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Coffee Waste ◽  
By Products

In recent years, the circular economy and sustainability have gained attention in the food industry aimed at recycling food industrial waste and residues. For example, several plant-based materials are nowadays used in packaging and biofuel production. Among them, by-products and waste from coffee processing constitute a largely available, low cost, good quality resource. Coffee production includes many steps, in which by-products are generated including coffee pulp, coffee husks, silver skin and spent coffee. This review aims to analyze the reasons why coffee waste can be considered as a valuable source in recycling strategies for the sustainable production of bio-based chemicals, materials and fuels. It addresses the most recent advances in monomer, polymer and plastic filler productions and applications based on the development of viable biorefinery technologies. The exploration of strategies to unlock the potential of this biomass for fuel productions is also revised. Coffee by-products valorization is a clear example of waste biorefinery. Future applications in areas such as biomedicine, food packaging and material technology should be taken into consideration. However, further efforts in techno-economic analysis and the assessment of the feasibility of valorization processes on an industrial scale are needed.

scholarly journals Biosurfactant from endophytic Bacillus pumilus 2A: physicochemical characterization, production and optimization and potential for plant growth promotion

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Marchut-Mikołajczyk ◽  
Piotr Drożdżyński ◽  
Arkadiusz Polewczyk ◽  
Wojciech Smułek ◽  
Tadeusz Antczak
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Brewer’S Spent Grain ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
By Products

Abstract Background Microbial surfactants called biosurfactants, thanks to their high biodegradability, low toxicity and stability can be used not only in bioremediation and oil processing, but also in the food and cosmetic industries, and even in medicine. However, the high production costs of microbial surfactants and low efficiency limit their large-scale production. This requires optimization of management conditions, including the possibility of using waste as a carbon source, such as food processing by-products. This papers describes the production and characterization of the biosurfactant obtained from the endophytic bacterial strain Bacillus pumilus 2A grown on various by-products of food processing and its potential applications in supporting plant growth. Four different carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, inoculum concentration and temperature were optimized within Taguchi method. Results Optimization of bioprocess within Taguchi method and experimental analysis revealed that the optimal conditions for biosurfactant production were brewer’s spent grain (5% w/v), ammonium nitrate (1% w/v), pH of 6, 5% of inoculum, and temperature at 30 °C, leading to 6.8 g/L of biosurfactant. Based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis produced biosurfactant was determined as glycolipid. Obtained biosurfactant has shown high and long term thermostability, surface tension of 47.7 mN/m, oil displacement of 8 cm and the emulsion index of 69.11%. The examined glycolipid, used in a concentration of 0.2% significantly enhanced growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean), Raphanus L. (radish), Beta vulgaris L. (beetroot). Conclusions The endophytic Bacillus pumilus 2A produce glycolipid biosurfactant with high and long tem thermostability, what makes it useful for many purposes including food processing. The use of brewer’s spent grain as the sole carbon source makes the production of biosurfactants profitable, and from an environmental point of view, it is an environmentally friendly way to remove food processing by products. Glycolipid produced by endophytic Bacillus pumilus 2A significantly improve growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean), Raphanus L. (radish), Beta vulgaris L. (beetroot). Obtained results provide new insight to the possible use of glycolipids as plant growth promoting agents.

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