scholarly journals Demographic responses of Heterocypris incongruens (Ostracoda) related to stress factors of competition, predation and food

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Fernandez ◽  
Sarma Nandini ◽  
S.S.S. Nandini ◽  
Maria E. Castellanos-Páez
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Temporary Ponds ◽  
Crustacean Species ◽  
Heterocypris Incongruens ◽  
Demographic Responses

<em>Heterocypris incongruens</em> is a widely distributed ostracod which can maintain its populations under stressful conditions such as those in temporary ponds and under low-quality diets, for example, detritus. It often co-occurs with cladocerans and fish living in shallow water bodies. Nevertheless, little is known about its response to the presence of predators, its consumption capacity of cyanobacteria typically present in eutrophic systems, and its interaction with other species in similar habits. We studied here the demographic responses of <em>H. incongruens</em> fed the green alga <em>Scenedesmus</em> <em>acutus</em>, two strains of <em>Microcystis </em>cf. <em>aeruginosa</em> and <em>Limnothrix</em> sp. Experiments were conducted separately and together in the presence of the cladoceran <em>Simocephalus vetulus </em>and the cichlid fish, <em>Oreochromis</em> kairomones. The ostracod maintained growth in all treatments, the reproductive output decreased on dietary <em>Limnothrix </em>sp., and its life expectancy was significantly lower with the toxic strain of <em>Microcystis</em>. The coexistence of both crustacean species increased the rate of population growth (~ 0.33 day<sup>-1</sup>) of <em>S. vetulus</em> and life expectancy (36-44 days) of <em>H. incongruens</em> on the test diets compared with controls (23-33 days). Our study suggests facilitation affects the interaction between the two microcrustaceans, especially on poor quality cyanobacterial diets.

Gender and Regional Differences in the Life Expectancy in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Rodionova ◽  
E. D. Kopnova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Poor Nutrition

The relevance of the chosen topic is closely related to the development of a system for monitoring the implementation of the May Presidential Decree (2018) to increase life expectancy and improve the quality of life of the population. It has been stated that despite the positive dynamics of life expectancy over the past decade, Russia still has a huge regional differentiation (16,6 years for women, 18,2 years for men in 2016) and an average gender gap - 10,6 years. The choice of factors affecting the gender gap in life expectancy in Russian regions is supported by a conclusion most common in foreign studies that climatic conditions, living conditions, the quality of food and drinking water, alcohol consumption are essential components of public health and life expectancy.The article provides an overview of studies on assessment factors of life expectancy, presents the authors’ approach to identifying gender gaps in life expectancy, living conditions, and lifestyle affecting the indicator of life expectancy. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of gender gap in life expectancy in Russia and foreign countries. The paper studies the correlation between living conditions and lifestyle, and life expectancy.Classification of the regions by the life expectancy at birth for men and women is an important component of this study. The authors used Rosstat data for 2016 and the k-means method to select three clusters of Russian regions taking into account gender, living conditions and lifestyle. The paper identifies similar health problems of the regions that are associated with alcohol consumption, poor nutrition and poor quality of drinking water, poor housing and living conditions. The lowest life expectancy rates for men and women are recorded in regions of the 1st cluster (Jewish Autonomous Region, Republic of Tuva, Chukotka Autonomous Area). High mortality rates are a result of external causes. There is a poor quality of drinking water and poor nutrition, excessive alcohol consumption, and inadequate housing conditions.Based on the obtained results were determined possible reserves for reducing the gender and regional differentiation of life expectancy.

Demographic responses of selected rotifers (Rotifera) and cladocerans (Cladocera) fed toxic Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria)

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-274
Author(s):  
Alfredo Pérez-Morales ◽  
S.S.S. Sarma ◽  
S. Nandini ◽  
Cristian Alberto Espinosa-Rodríguez ◽  
Ligia Rivera-De la Parra
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Scenedesmus Acutus ◽  
Cladoceran Species ◽  
Toxic Cyanobacteria ◽  
Demographic Responses

Tropical waterbodies contain several species of toxic cyanobacteria including Microcystis, which adversely affect the somatic growth, survival and fecundity of zooplankton. Scenedesmus, one of the most common green algae, is even found in Microcystis -dominated waterbodies. It is, therefore possible that in natural ponds, rotifers and cladocerans feed on mixed phytoplankton species containing algae and cyanobacteria. In this work, we quantified demographic responses of three rotifer species (Brachionus calyciflorus, B. rubens, and Plationus patulus), and three cladoceran species (Simocephalus mixtus, Daphnia cf. mendotae and Moina macrocopa) fed toxic Microcystis aeruginosa only or mixed with Scenedesmus acutus. The highest population growth for both rotifer and cladoceran species was observed when Scenedesmus was offered alone or at 75 % of the diet. Daphnia cf. mendotae and B. rubens were less affected by Microcystis while M. macrocopa and B. calyciflorus were more adversely influenced, which was also corroborated by life table demography. In competition bioassays, D. cf. mendotae was more efficient, alone or in competition, when fed with 50 or 25 % of Microcystis. This work explains the dynamics of the zooplanktonic community against gradual changes in phytoplankton due to the presence of cyanobacteria.

scholarly journals First- and second-order sociality determine survival and reproduction in cooperative cichlids

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1819) ◽  
pp. 20151971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Jungwirth ◽  
Michael Taborsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Indirect Fitness ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Different Levels

Cooperative breeders serve as a model to study the evolution of cooperation, where costs and benefits of helping are typically scrutinized at the level of group membership. However, cooperation is often observed in multi-level social organizations involving interactions among individuals at various levels. Here, we argue that a full understanding of the adaptive value of cooperation and the evolution of complex social organization requires identifying the effect of different levels of social organization on direct and indirect fitness components. Our long-term field data show that in the cooperatively breeding, colonial cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher , both large group size and high colony density significantly raised group persistence. Neither group size nor density affected survival at the individual level, but they had interactive effects on reproductive output; large group size raised productivity when local population density was low, whereas in contrast, small groups were more productive at high densities. Fitness estimates of individually marked fish revealed indirect fitness benefits associated with staying in large groups. Inclusive fitness, however, was not significantly affected by group size, because the direct fitness component was not increased in larger groups. Together, our findings highlight that the reproductive output of groups may be affected in opposite directions by different levels of sociality, and that complex forms of sociality and costly cooperation may evolve in the absence of large indirect fitness benefits and the influence of kin selection.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF POPULATION FACTORS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF BANGKA BELITUNG ISLANDS - INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Ayu Sapitri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate

This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of population factors on economic growth in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands. The analysis method used is panel data regression. The type of data is quantitative data in the form of ADHK GRDP data by Regency/City, population growth rate, labor force participation rate, average length of schooling and life expectancy from 2010-2019. The data source is secondary obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The results showed that the population growth rate had a negative and significant effect on economic growth while the labor force participation rate had a positive and insignificant effect on economic growth, the average length of schooling had a positive and significant effect on economic growth and life expectancy had a positive and significant effect on growth. the economy of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Simultaneously the population growth rate, labor force participation rate, average length of schooling and life expectancy have a positive and significant impact on economic growth in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands.Keywords: Economic Growth, Population Growth Rate, Labor Force Participation Rate, Average Length of Schooling, and Life Expectancy.JEL :  O40, J11, J21, P36

Chemotherapy selection by gene expression profiling (MAGE) in resistant/refractory (R/R) patients with solid tumors: A feasibility study.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22120-e22120
Author(s):  
Joseba Rebollo ◽  
Ramon Gonzalez-Manzano ◽  
Francisco J. Fernandez-Morejon ◽  
Severino Rey ◽  
Jose Farre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Rna Isolation ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents ◽  
Short Life Expectancy ◽  
Selection Of

e22120 Background: Genomic-based profiling of tumors is a promising approach that allows the selection of the optimal chemotherapy regimen minimizing the possibility of futile therapies. Preliminary clinical results by our group showing a 23% response rate were presented at ASCO’12 (abstract 3,064). However, RNA isolation is a challenging technical step that requires a high quality specimen and takes 2-4 weeks interval to be finished. For this reason we analyzed the feasibility conditions in our series. Methods: Patients (pts) with R/R solid tumors had immediately frozen biopsies, underwent RNA isolation and quality validation after a pathologic confirmation of viable tumor in more than 30% of the sample. Results: From August 2010 to December 2012, 138 patients accepted the MAGE chemotherapy profiling. The median time from biopsy to MAGE analysis has been 4 weeks (ranging 2 to 6). In 17 (12%) pts the procedure was aborted for technical reasons. In these cases tumor samples were obtained from liver in 7 pts, local recurrence in 3 pts, soft tissues in 3 pts, peritoneum in 2 pts, and nodes in 2 pts. Reasons for canceling the assay were mainly a very low tumor cells rate (less than 30%) in 10 pts (fibrotic changes in 5 pts and predominance of necrosis in 5 pts), 2 pts with no tumor, 1 pt with a non-radiologically identifiable lesion, 1 pt with radiofrequency deterioration of the specimen and 3 pts with poor quality RNA. Among the remaining 121 pts who completed the procedure only 74 (61.2%) were treated according to the selected chemotherapy agents achieving a clinical benefit rate of 60%. The high attrition rate (38.8%) was due to poor clinical condition, refusal of recommendations and/or short life expectancy. Conclusions: MAGE-based chemotherapy profiling of tumors was feasible to guide antitumor therapy in selected patients. We recommend performing the study in untreated patients or earlier in the course of their disease (i.e. after failure to first line chemotherapy) in patients with a life expectancy of more than 3 months.

Medical and demographic indicators of the Orenburg Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Lyubov Kuzminichna Grigorieva ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Gradual Process

The analysis of the medical and demographic indicators of the Orenburg Region from 2015 to 2019 showed that over this time period, there was a gradual process of population decline. The dynamics of the birth and death rates of the population was characterized by a stable decline. Over a five-year period, the birth rate decreased by 30.78 %, and the death rate by 8.8 %. The natural population growth in 2015 was positive, and since 2016, there has been a negative population growth, i.e. the number of citizens who died annually exceeded the number of births. The region has seen slight changes in the ratio of urban and rural residents. Life expectancy has increased for both sexes from 69.63 years in 2015 to 72.04 years in 2019. The growth of this indicator for men was 4.31 %, and for women — 2.43 %. Studies of the sex composition of the population of the Orenburg Region over the past five years have demonstrated that there have been minor changes in the ratio of the male and female population in the region under study. So, in 2015 and 2016, there were 1149 women per 1000 men; in 2017–1148, in 2018–1147, in 2019–1146. Over the studied period, the number of marriages registered in the Orenburg Region decreased from a maximum of 15418 in 2015 to a minimum of 12304 in 2019, which was 20.2 %. The number of divorces did not decrease so rapidly, from 8,717 maximum in 2015 to 8,424 minimum in 2019, which was 3.36 %. The adoption of managerial decisions aimed at improving the standard of living and health of the population, as well as the environmental situation at the level of legislative and executive authorities will contribute to an increase in life expectancy, reduction in the death rate, and an increase in the birth rate of the population.

Cycle de développement, écologie et succès d'Hippomedon propinquus (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) dans deux écosystèmes du golfe du Saint-Laurent

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 3116-3132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lamarche ◽  
Pierre Brunel
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Monitoring Station ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Crustacean Species ◽  
Average Size ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

Bimonthly quantitative day and night samples from one monitoring station located in the St. Lawrence Estuary (in silt–clay, at a depth of 119 m), with a constant yearly temperature (1–4 °C), reveal that densities of the detrivorous and necrophagous lysianassid amphipod Hippomedon propinquus were similar (0.4–9.7 individuals/100 m3 in 1970, 1971, and 1973) to densities at another station in Chaleur Bay with comparable sediments, temperature, and depth (4.2–7.5 individuals/100 m3 in 1969 and 1971). However, its rank among the gammaridean community (10th to 15th in the bay, 3rd to 5th in the estuary) and a faster growth in the estuary suggest better "success" in the latter. Vertical migrations are mainly diurnal and of higher amplitude in the bay than in the estuary, where these are mostly nocturnal, except in June and July. Life expectancy is over 2 years with a maximum of 13 molts, 4 to 5 of which occur in the adult stage. Growth is slower, life expectancy is shorter, but rank is higher (third) at another Chaleur Bay station where H. propinquus also displays increased swimming activity. In both ecosystems, reproduction is mostly a continuous, year-round process, but juvenile recruitment is more important in spring and summer, conforming to our prediction that life cycle is more independent of primary production and seasonal sestonic fallout when species occupy higher positions in the food web. Average size of ovigerous females decreases while fecundity increases in summer. Females produce larger eggs in Chaleur Bay. Poorer and less predictable primary production in the St. Lawrence Estuary gives opportunistic species like H. propinquus an advantage over more strictly detrivorous crustacean species.

scholarly journals Analysis of Socio-Economic Indicators Scenario in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-218
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Dilshad Ahmad ◽  
Zobia Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
The Common ◽  
Global Data

This paper examined the socio-economic-demographic indicators with time series evidence vis-à-vis Asian countries to compare Pakistan’s position with these countries. With the help of tables based on standard global data followed by Pakistan data an attempt has been made to get valid picture of the above-mentioned indicators. Life expectancy, IMR, TFR, GNP allocation to health, women using contraceptive are not comparable and delightful leading to unparalleled increase in population in addition to economic factors. Birth rate is the highest in Pakistan compared to the remaining 9 countries. Poverty will escalate that will breed all social, economic and political problems. It may be concluded that if the present pace of population growth continues, people may fail to find a place even for standing. Population is the most agonizing and perplexing problem that has made the common man life miserable and unsustainable.

scholarly journals The Female Population Growth Projection Year 2021 in Trenggalek Regency by Leslie Matrix Model on the Birth Rate and Life Expectancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Dewi Anggreini
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Matrix Model ◽  
Discrete Model ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Leslie Matrix ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Leslie Matrix Model

<p>This research aims to determine the number of female residents in Trenggalek Regency in 2021 based on data on birth rate and life expectancy. The use of eigenvalues and eigenvectors aims to determine the dividing age distribution by Leslie matrix model. The eigenvectors are used to determine the number of female populations of each age interval, while the eigenvalues are used to determine population growth rates. The research method used is to determine the subject of research. The next stage is to collect research data, then analyze the data and last draw conclusions. The research data is obtained from BPS Kabupaten Trenggalek and BPS East Java Province that is data of woman population from year 2010-2015. The result of this research using Leslie matrix model for female population in Trenggalek Regency that is discrete model. The discrete model is divided into fourteen age intervals constructed using the birthrate and life expectancy. The conclusions of the study showed that the number of female population in Trenggalek Regency tended to increase with positive eigen value greater than one. In other words, the growth rate of female population in Trenggalek Regency tends to be positive. The success of Leslie's matrix model is the application of case studies in predicting the number of female populations in Trenggalek District by 2021 using the MAPLE 16 Program.</p>

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