Medico-social factors associated with late presentation in women with cancer of the cervix in Northern Nigeria

Cancer of the cervix is the commonest gynecological cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women in Africa.Certain social behaviors have been associated with an increased risk of high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is responsible for virtually all cases of Invasive Cervical Cancer (ICC). Retrospective review of the medico-social and histo-pathologic patterns of cases of cancer of the cervix at the Gynecology Oncology Unit, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano between January 2006 to December 2010 was conducted. The socio-demographic, medical and histological data of each patient were extracted and analyzed. A total of 91 cases of cancer of the cervix were identified. The mean age of the respondents was 48 years (SD±10.2years), mean parity was 7 (SD±3.2) and mean age at first marriage was 15.2 years (SD±1.9years). Most of the patients had being married more than once in their lifetime. Majority of the women were unemployed and over half had no formal education. The commonest presenting complaint and complication respectively was vaginal bleeding (72.5%) and anaemia (45.1%). Most of the patient had advanced stages of the disease (86.8%). Only 18 out of the 91 had undergone HIV testing, with 28% testing positive to the virus. The commonest histologic type of cervical cancer (85.7%) was Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). There were statistically significant associations between advanced disease and age, parity and number of lifetime marriages. Patients with cancer of the cervix seen at our institution are within the reproductive age group. They are mostly grandmultiparous, have no formal education and have more than one life time marriages. They usually present with late stage disease and of SCC histologically.

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Human papillomavirus, coinfection with Schistosoma hematobium, and cervical neoplasia in rural Tanzania

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200307000-00015 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 505-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. U. Petry ◽

U. Scholz ◽

B. Hollwitz ◽

R. Von Wasielewski ◽

C. J.L.M. Meijer

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Clinical History ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Separate Analysis ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Rural Tanzania ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Local Immunosuppression

Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women in Tanzania and other countries in tropical Africa. Genital schistosomiasis has been proposed as a possible cofactor in the genesis of this malignant disease that might contribute to its high incidence in regions where bilharzias is endemic. One hundred nine Tanzanian patients from an area with endemic bilharzias who were transferred to a gynecologic out-patient clinic were age-matched with 109 German controls. In patients and controls, separate samples were taken for cytologic assessment and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection using the Hybrid Capture 2 assay (HC2) and PCR (GP5+/6 +). Samples that tested positive for HPV DNA with general primers were re-tested with HPV type-specific primers. After application of 3% acetic acid, punch biopsies were taken from any cervical lesion. Patients were interviewed for recent symptoms or clinical history suggestive of bilharzias. Urine samples from all patients were examined for the presence of schistosoma hematobium ova. Additionally six Tanzanian patients with invasive cervical cancer were included for separate analysis. Patients and controls had an identical prevalence of HPV-DNA (21.5%) using HC2. Based on PCR results with general primers, the corresponding prevalence was 34.5% for Tanzanian cases and 26.9% for German controls. A history suggestive of bilharzias and/or active schistosomiasis were associated with a significantly increased risk for infection with high-risk HPV types. We conclude that infection with Schistosoma hematobium seems to favor persistent genital HPV infection either by traumatizing the genital epithelium and/or by local immunosuppression.

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The complex relationship between infertility and female genital tract cancer: A review

Urologia Journal ◽

10.1177/03915603211036426 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 039156032110364

Author(s):

Familiari Alessandra ◽

Gallitelli Vitalba ◽

Biscione Antonella ◽

Di Marco Giulia ◽

Conte Carmine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Gynecological Cancer ◽

Figo Stage ◽

Female Infertility ◽

Female Fertility ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Fertility Sparing ◽

Infertility Treatments

Introduction: The link between female infertility and gynecological cancer has always been a debated and challenging topic. Although cervical cancer has the worst impact on female fertility, as it is usually diagnosed in patients of reproductive age, endometrial and ovarian cancer are also diagnosed and treated often in relatively younger patients in which fertility preservation is a relevant issue. The aim of this review is to highlight the correlation between therapy for female infertility and the developing cancer’s risk and to describe the fertility sparing treatments in gynecological oncology. Material and methods: A systematic review of the literature through the main scientific search engines (PubMed and Google Scholar) was performed. We selected the most relevant articles based on the largest case series and the latest updates. All selected documents have been listed in the references. Results: Fifty-six relevant articles published between 1996 and 2019 were identified. Results from the available evidence report no significant increased risk of endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancer in patients having infertility treatments. In young patients diagnosed with gynecological cancer, preservation of fertility is a personalized choice depending on several factors (type, stage, age and desire to conceive, safety of the treatment, and feasibility of fertility sparing surgery). For ovarian cancer FIGO stage IA G1, IA G2 (grade), and IC G1; for endometrial adenocarcinoma grade 1 with no lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) or myometrial invasion and for early-stage cervical cancer (FIGO stage 2018: IA1-IB1), fertility sparing treatment is possible. The role of fertility sparing treatment with the increase of personalization of therapies therapy is always a theme of discussion and research. Conclusion: At present data regarding the risk of gynecological cancers after infertility treatments are reassuring. Careful evaluation of female fertility-sparing options in young women interested by ovarian, endometrial, or cervical tumors should be carried out involving a multidisciplinary team and ensuring safety and efficacy.

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Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Human Papillomavirus Infection among Senegalese Women Seropositive for HIV-1 or HIV-2 or Seronegative for HIV

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/095646249400500307 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 189-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Awa Coll Seek ◽

Mama Awa Faye ◽

Cathy W Critchlow ◽

Adia Diack Mbaye ◽

Jane Kuypers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

African Countries ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hpv Types ◽

Hiv 1

Studies in various regions of the world have shown that women infected with HIV-1 are at increased risk for cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as well as for cervical cancer precursor lesions. HIV infection and cervical cancer are both widespread in West Africa, but little is known about the relationship between HPV and HIV-2, which is the predominant type of HIV in the general population of many West African countries. To address this issue, we collected cervical samples for cytology and HPV analysis from 93 women presenting to the University of Dakar Infectious Disease Service (18 women with HIV-1 infection, 17 with HIV-2 infection, and 58 HIV seronegative controls). Compared to those without HIV infection, HIV seropositive women were 13.1 (95% CI = 2.4, 128) and 11.0 (95% CI = 3.5, 35.8) times more likely to have HPV detected using Southern transfer hybridization (STH) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) respectively. Detection of high and intermediate risk HPV types were significantly associated with HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection. Among HPV positive women, those with, as compared to those without HIV infection were more likely to harbour high risk HPV types (OR = 9.2, 95% CI = 0.97, 433). HIV-1 and HIV-2 seropositive women were 23.3 (95% CI = 2.9, 209) and 9.3 (95% CI = 1.1, 79) times more likely to have a cytological diagnosis of dysplasia, respectively, than were HIV seronegative women. Biopsy-proven CIN 3 was found in one woman with HIV-1 and invasive cancer was found in one woman with HIV-2. It remains to be seen whether HIV-1 and HIV-2 will confer similar risks of development of CIN 2–3 and potentially of invasive cervical cancer.

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Fas gene promoter –670 polymorphism in gynecological cancer

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200602001-00028 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 179-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Ueda ◽

Y. Terai ◽

K. Kanda ◽

M. Kanemura ◽

M. Takehara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Germ Line ◽

Gynecological Cancer ◽

Gene Promoter ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Germ Line Polymorphism

Single-nucleotide polymorphism at −670 of Fas gene promoter (A/G) was examined in a total of 354 blood samples from normal healthy women and gynecological cancer patients. They consisted of 95 normal, 83 cervical, 108 endometrial, and 68 ovarian cancer cases. Eighty-three patients with cervical cancer had statistically higher frequency of GG genotype and G allele than 95 controls (P= 0.0353 and 0.0278, respectively). There was no significant difference in the genotype or allele prevalence between control subjects and endometrial or ovarian cancer patients. The Fas −670 GG genotype was associated with an increased risk for the development of cervical cancer (OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.08–6.10) compared with the AA genotype. The G allele also increased the risk of cervical cancer (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.05–2.43) compared with the A allele. Germ-line polymorphism of Fas gene promoter −670 may be associated with the risk of cervical cancer in a Japanese population.

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PENYULUHAN PENTINGNYA PEMERIKSAAN IVA PADA WUS (Wanita Usia Subur) DI DESA SUKAMAJU KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI TAHUN 2018

Jurnal BINAKES ◽

10.35910/binakes.v1i1.368 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Lia Artika Sari ◽

Enny Susilawati

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Community Service ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Common Causes ◽

Post Test

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Kanker merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian yang paling utama di dunia, sekitar 40 wanita tiap harinya terdiagnosa kanker leher rahim. Kanker leher rahim disebabkan oleh virus HPV, infeksi HPV sendiri sering kali tidak menimbulkan gejala. Desa Suka Maju merupakan salah satu desa yang terdapat di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi dan mempunyai jumlah wanita usia subur berjumlah 820 orang, namun hanya 17,11% wanita usia subur yang baru memanfaatkan pelayanan IVA.Metode: Dengan memberikan penyuluhan kepada wanita usia subur dengan (WUS) sebanyak 40 orang, dan diberikan pre dan post test untuk mengevaluasi pengetahuan wanita usia subur mengenai pemeriksaan IVA Hasil: terjadi kenaikan pengetahuan wanita usia subur di Desa Sukamaju sebesar 87,5%.Kesimpulan: Penyuluhan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan wanita usia subur terhadap pentingnya pemeriksaan IVA. ABSTRACT Background: Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the world. About 40 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer every day. Cervical cancer is caused by the HPV virus, HPV infection itself often causes no symptoms. Suka Maju Village is one of the villages in Muaro Jambi Regency that has 820 women of childbearing age, but only 17.11% of women of childbearing age have just used IVA services.Methods: employed in community service was to provide counseling to women of reproductive age with (WUS) as 40 women, and then given pre and posttests to evaluate the knowledge of women of childbearing age After being given counseling on IVA examinations. In brief,Result: There was an increase in the knowledge of women of childbearing age in Sukamaju Village by 87.5 %. Conclusion: Health education can increasedthe knowledge of women of childbearing age on the importance of IVA Chencking

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Prevalence of High Risk HPV in HIV-Infected Women From Belém, Pará, Amazon Region of Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.649152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline Cortinhas Monteiro ◽

Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca ◽

Tuane Carolina de Sousa Ferreira ◽

Luana Lorena Silva Rodrigues ◽

Andreza Reis Brasil da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multiple Sexual Partners ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

High Risk Hpv

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the genotype diversity of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. From April 2010 to December 2012 cervical specimens were collected from 169 HIV-infected women who screening for cervical cancer at Reference Unit in Belém. The detection of HPV infection was performed by nested PCR and HPV type was performed using a commercial system. The prevalence of HPV infection was 63.3%. Of the 47 genotyped samples, 40.4% was found positive for high risk-HPV 16 and 12.8% for high risk-HPV 52. HPV infection was predominant in the group of women with no incidence of cytological abnormalities and more prevalent in women of reproductive age, unmarried, low education level, and who reported use condoms during sexual intercourse. It was observed an association between HPV infection and independent variables, such as condom use, multiple sexual partners, and history of sexually transmitted diseases. High-risk types of HPV infection were prevalent in our study. Infection with multiple high-risk HPV genotypes may potentiate the development of cervical cancer in HIV-infected women.

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Experience of performing radical trachelectomy with uterine transposition in organ-preserving treatment of stage IB-II invasive cervical cancer

Problems in oncology ◽

10.37469/0507-3758-2021-67-1-85-90 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 85-90

Author(s):

Alyena Chernyshova ◽

Vitaly Аntipov ◽

Larisa Коlomiets ◽

Vladimir Chernov ◽

Victor Gyunter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Radiation Therapy ◽

Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Combined Modality Treatment ◽

Radical Trachelectomy ◽

Stage Ib

The development and implementation of organ-preserving treatment modalities is the priority trend in the current cancer treatment of patients of the reproductive age. Methods of expanding indications for organ-preserving treatment in cancer patients are becoming relevant. We present our experience in performing radical trachelectomy with uterine transposition in patients with stage IB-II cervical cancer. Our surgical technique allows the preservation of the uterus and adnexa in patients with invasive cervical cancer, who need to receive combined modality treatment including extended surgery followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy to the pelvis. Transposition of the uterus and adnexa after radical abdominal or laparoscopic trachelectomy allows the movement of the uterus and ovaries out of the radiation field. After completion of radiation therapy, the uterus with adnexa is repositioned into the pelvis and uterine-vaginal anastomosis is formed using an implant made of titanium nickelide. Independent pregnancy and the use of assisted reproductive technologies are permitted after passing the time when distant metastases are most likely to develop.

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Deregulation of miR-21 and miR-29a in Cervical Cancer Related to HPV Infection

MicroRNA ◽

10.2174/2211536607666181017124349 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 110-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sara Zamani ◽

Amir Sohrabi ◽

Seyed Masoud Hosseini ◽

Marjan Rahnamaye-Farzami ◽

Abolfazl Akbari

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Micro Rna ◽

Internal Reference ◽

Specific Primers ◽

Papilloma Virus

Background:Early diagnosis is an important factor to improve the survival of Invasive Cervical Cancer (ICC) patients. Molecular biomarkers such as micro RNA (miRNA) can be used in the early detection of ICC. The expression of miR-21 and miR-29a are deregulated in many types of human cancers.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in miR-21 and miR-29a expression patterns in the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and various grades of cervical cancer among Iranian women.Methods:Small RNAs were extracted from positive for HPV, cervical cancer and healthy samples from 43, 50 and 46 individuals, respectively. Expression levels of miR-21 and miR-29a were analyzed by SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR using specific primers, and 5s rRNA as the internal reference gene.Results:Results have shown a significant increase in miR-21 and decrease in miR-29 in cancerous samples in comparison with the control groups (P < 0.0001).Conclusion:This study illustrated that miR-21 and miR-29a could be operated as an oncogene and tumor-suppressor in cervical cancer progression. More studies are needed to demonstrate the role of miR-21 and miR-29a as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of cervical cancer in future investigations.

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Human papillomavirus and human telomerase RNA component gene in cervical cancer progression

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-52195-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yang Liu ◽

Pianping Fan ◽

Yingying Yang ◽

Changjun Xu ◽

Yajuan Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cancer Group ◽

Potential Marker ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Human Telomerase

Abstract This study aimed to examine hTERC gene in different grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer, and the association between hTERC and high risk-human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. Patients who underwent cervical cancer screening at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between October 2010 and December 2011 were enrolled. All patients underwent liquid-based cytology test and hybrid capture 2 (HC2) for HPV detection. hTERC was examined using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Cervical colposcopy biopsy was performed if any of the three results was positive. HC2, FISH, and pathology were compared. A total of 1200 women underwent screening, 150 patients underwent cervical biopsy: 32 in the normal group, 38 in the CIN1 group, 66 in the CIN2/3 group, and 14 in the invasive cervical cancer group. More patients had HR-HPV infection in the CIN2/3 group and ICC group compared with the CIN1 group. hTERC increased with increasing histological dysplasia. There was significant difference in hTERC positive rate between each of the three groups. More patients with hTERC gene amplification were observed in the positive HR-HPV group than in the HR-HPV negative group. In conclusion, hTERC is a potential marker for precancerous cervical cancer lesions. hTERC might be correlated with HR-HPV infection in cervical diseases.

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Knowledge of human papillomavirus and Pap test among Brazilian university students

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1806-9282.65.5.625 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 625-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aimée Denzeler Baptista ◽

Carolina Xavier Simão ◽

Vitoria Carvalho Guimarães dos Santos ◽

Juliana Gil Melgaço ◽

Silvia Maria Baeta Cavalcanti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

University Students ◽

Pap Test ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Health Science ◽

Cancer Information ◽

Papanicolaou Test ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Increased Risk

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted virus in the world and is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. The most effective approach to cervical cancer control continues to be screening through the preventive Papanicolaou test (Pap test). This study analyzes the knowledge of university students of health science programs as well as undergraduate courses in other areas of knowledge on important questions regarding HPV. METHOD: Four hundred and seventy-three university students completed a questionnaire assessing their overall knowledge regarding HPV infection, cervical cancer, and the Pap test. A descriptive analysis is presented, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression identified factors associated with HPV/cervical cancer information. RESULTS: Knowledge was higher for simple HPV-related and Pap test questions but was lower for HPV interrelations with genital warts and cervical cancer. Being from the health science fields and having high income were factors associated with greater knowledge. Only the minority of the participants recognized all the situations that increased the risk of virus infection presented in the questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the need for educational campaigns regarding HPV infection, its potential as a cervical cancer agent and the forms of prevention available.

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