scholarly journals Primary care drug therapy training: the solution for phc nurses?

Curationis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Rothmann ◽  
J.J. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Health System ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Essential Drugs ◽  
Minor Ailments ◽  
Nursing College ◽  
And Control

The priority of the National Health System in South Africa is primary health care (PHC). The approach involves a health system led by PHC services and includes personal and curative services for acute minor ailments delivered by PHC nurses. The nurses are also responsible for the treatment of these ailments with essential drugs according to protocols as proposed in the Essential Drugs List. A before-after experimental research design was used to evaluate the effect of a competencybased primary care drug therapy (PCDT) training programme for PHC nurses in the treatment of acute minor ailments. An experimental group (n=35) and control group (n=31) consisting of registered nurses undergoing training in PHC at Gold Fields Nursing College were randomly selected. The results showed a significant increase in prescribing outcomes and medicine utilisation.

scholarly journals Behavioural Problems and Parental Over-protectiveness in Children with Asthma

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
Neena Sanjiv Sawant ◽  
Juhi Bhargava ◽  
Chandrahas T. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behaviour Problem ◽  
Early Referral ◽  
Parental Awareness ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Minor Ailments ◽  
And Control ◽  
Asthma Group

Introduction: Asthma in children often leads to behavioural problems due to the chronic nature of the disease. Parents also tend to be overprotective and many may not even consult a doctor for the same. The objectives were to study the various behavioural problems seen in children having asthma as compared to those with minor ailments, parental awareness about the same and their parenting styles.Material and Methods: 75 parents of children of bronchial asthma and 75 parents of children having short term minor ailments formed the asthma and control groups respectively. The Behaviour Problem Index was used to assess the behavioural problems in children as documented by parents and parental overprotectivenesswas assessed using the Vulnerable Child/ Overprotecting Parent Scale.Results:The demographic variables were comparable in both the groups. Behavioural problems on all domains and parental over protectiveness in the asthma group were found to be statistically significant as compared to control group. However there was no significant correlation between the parental over-protectivenessand the behavioural problems in both the groups.Conclusions: Early referral to the psychiatrist with parental counselling will result in better outcomes for the child.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(3):232-237

scholarly journals The effect of 8-week thera-band exercises on male swimmers’ 100 m freestyle swimming performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 3950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Gönener ◽  
Utku Gönener ◽  
Ozan Yılmaz ◽  
Tuğçe Horoz ◽  
Deniz Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
And Control

The aim of this study is to investigate 8 weeks Thera-Band trainings' effects on male swimmers' 100 m freestyle swimming performance.The study group is created by 20 (n = 20) licenced male athletes that had trained at least 3 days in a week and have been active in swimming sport at least 3 years in Gebze Genclerbirligi Swimming Club 20 (n = 20). Athletes were divided into experiment group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10) randomly. Training programme was applied to the study group for 55-60 minutes for 3 days on alternate days and times when the club does not have swimming training. 12 different Thera-Band trainings were applied for 40-45 mins and each set was 15 minutes.Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between groups and Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied for analyzing the differences of intra-groups. SPSS 21.0 Statistics package software was used for statistical analyzes. The results show that there are no significantly differences between experimental group's and control group's post test results. (p>0.05). Statistically significant differences are found as a result of intra-group comparison of the experimental group's pre-test and post-test results (p<0.05).Depending on the results obtained after reviewing the literature, it can be concluded that Thera-Band training is effective on the performance improvement of swimmers aged 13-15 years.

scholarly journals Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults at Primary Care Visits: the VITAL-AF Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Lubitz ◽  
Steven J. Atlas ◽  
Jeffrey M. Ashburner ◽  
Ana Lipsanopoulos ◽  
Leila Borowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

Background: Undiagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) may cause preventable strokes. Guidelines differ regarding AF screening recommendations. We tested whether point-of-care screening with a handheld single lead electrocardiogram (ECG) at primary care practice visits increases diagnoses of AF. Methods: We randomized 16 primary care clinics 1:1 to AF screening using a handheld single-lead ECG (AliveCor KardiaMobile) during vital sign assessments, or usual care. Patients included were aged ≥ 65 years. Screening results were provided to primary care clinicians at the encounter. All confirmatory diagnostic testing and treatment decisions were made by the primary care clinician. New AF diagnoses over one-year follow-up were ascertained electronically and manually adjudicated. Proportions and incidence rates were calculated. Effect heterogeneity was assessed. Results: Of 30,715 patients without prevalent AF (n=15,393 screening [91% screened], n=15,322 control), 1.72% of individuals in the screening group had new AF diagnosed at one year versus 1.59% in the control group (risk difference [RD] 0.13%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.16,0.42, P=0.38). New AF diagnoses in the screening and control groups differed by age with the greatest effect observed for those aged ≥ 85 years (5.56% versus 3.76%, respectively, RD 1.80%, 95% CI 0.18,3.30). The difference in newly diagnosed AF between the screening period and the prior year was marginally greater in the screening versus control group (0.32% versus -0.12%, RD 0.43%, 95% CI -0.01,0.84). The proportion of individuals with newly diagnosed AF who were initiated on oral anticoagulants was similar in the screening (n=194, 73.5%) and control (n=172, 70.8%) arms (RD 2.7%, 95% CI -5.5,10.4). Conclusions: Screening for AF using a single-lead ECG at primary care visits was not associated with a significant increase in new AF diagnoses among individuals aged 65 years or older compared to usual care. However, screening may be associated with an increased likelihood of diagnosing AF among individuals aged 85 years or older and warrants further evaluation.

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian obat anti tuberkulosis dengan vitamin D terhadap perubahan BTA pada penderita tuberkulosis paru di Kabupaten Pidie

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Rina Maulidar ◽  
Nurjannah Nurjannah ◽  
Aulina Adamy ◽  
Iskandar Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global Health Problem ◽  
Test Control

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem, Indonesia had the second rank of the case in the world after India which is the fourth cause of death. Giving vitamin D together with anti-tuberculosis drugs can increase healing proses because vitamin D (anti-microbial immunomodulators) kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Objectives: This study aims to measure the effect of giving anti-tuberculosis drugs with vitamin D on changes in AFB in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: This study was used a quasi-experiment design, pre-test and post-test control group was doing at 25th March – 25th July 2019. This research has been conducted in Pidie Regency. The intervention group (17 samples with tuberculosis drugs) was given Softgels vitamin D 5000 IU for 4 months, while the control group was only anti-tuberculosis drug therapy. The data were analyzed statistically using the Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests at a significance level of 95%.Results: Before the intervention, the BTA status of both the intervention and control group was similar (p= 0.061). After the intervention, there was a decrease in AFB interactions (p= 0.000). There was a decrease in the contribution of AFB in the control group before with after intervention (p= 0.000). There are those who support (p= 0.033) giving vitamin D the acceleration of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment. Conclusion: It is better to administer vitamin D to the successful treatment of pulmonary TB in patients undergoing anti-tuberculosis drug therapy.

Behaviour Treatment of Daytime Incontinence in Elderly Male and Female Patients

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Chanfreau-Rona ◽  
Belinda Wylie ◽  
Stuart Bellwood
Keyword(s):  
Training Programme ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Low Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This paper describes an attempt at retraining continence in elderly psychogeriatric patients using behavioural methods. Thirty patients across four wards were selected and divided equally into experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent a training programme lasting a total of seven weeks whilst the control group continued with the usual nursing procedure.The results showed no significant differences in frequency of incontinence between the different groups at the end of the programme. However, there were indications that a continence training programme is more likely to be beneficial to those patients who have a low level of incontinence rather than those for whom incontinence is a more severe problem. For these patients, those in the experimental group showed increased levels of incontinence after the training period compared to the control group.

scholarly journals Matching 25% of Medical Students in Family Medicine by 2030: Realistic or Beyond Our Reach?

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-255
Author(s):  
Alan K. David
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Health System ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Primary Care Workforce ◽  
The Us ◽  
Physician Income

ABSTRACT: This article examines the America Needs More Family Doctors: 25x2030 Collaborative goal of “25x30”—that 25% of all medical students will enter family medicine residency programs by the year 2030. Filling 25% of all available postgraduate year-1 positions in the match is an important consideration in creating a strong primary care workforce. Data from the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) matches for 2010 and 2020 are reviewed to examine trends not only in the US MD and DO categories, but also US international medical school graduates (IMGs) and non-US IMG categories over the last 10 years. If the total number of all programs and of all positions offered were held constant in 2030, what shifts in student choices would be required to reach the 25x30 goal in each applicant category as well as for all four categories combined? This discussion explores resources, power, physician income, and other factors that affect student numbers. Until a national health system is developed with national goals and priorities, it is unlikely that 25x30 will become a reality.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Working memory training does not improve executive functioning or fluid intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110395
Author(s):  
Jose A. Rodas ◽  
Ciara Greene
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Task ◽  
And Control

Several studies have reported that cognitive training can lead to improvements of complex mental skills such as intelligence. However, attempts to replicate these findings have not been very successful with many studies reporting lack of transferable effects on cognitive processes unrelated to the training task. On the other hand, transfer effects on cognitive processes closely related to the training task have been more commonly reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of a frequently used working-memory training programme on fluid intelligence and specific executive functions (updating, inhibition, switching, the focus of attention, and sustained attention). We remedied common issues with previous training studies by using an active control group, using more than one instrument to assess each function, and including a larger sample size. The experimental group showed significant improvement in the training task, indicating strong practice effects. However, no evidence of training-specific transfer was found in any of the variables investigated, and we could not find any of the previous improvements reported. Participants in both the training and control group showed post-training improvements in most of the outcome variables, suggesting that practice effects can be found even when a task is only performed twice. We conclude by discussing possible explanations for the differences between our results and those reported in prior studies, and recommend that any claims of improvement should be supported by studies capable of replicating them.

scholarly journals Working memory training does not improve executive functioning or fluid intelligence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Rodas ◽  
Ciara Greene
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Task ◽  
And Control

Several studies have reported that cognitive training can lead to improvements of complex mental skills such as intelligence. However, attempts to replicate these findings have not been very successful with many studies reporting lack of transferable effects on cognitive processes unrelated to the training task. On the other hand, transfer effects on cognitive processes closely related to the training task have been more commonly reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of a frequently used working-memory training programme on fluid intelligence and specific executive functions (updating, inhibition, switching, the focus of attention, and sustained attention). We remedied common issues with previous training studies by using an active control group, using more than one instrument to assess each function, and including a larger sample size. The experimental group showed significant improvement in the training task, indicating strong practice effects. However, no evidence of training-specific transfer was found in any of the variables investigated, and we could not replicate any of the previous findings reported. Participants in both the training and control group showed post-training improvements in most of the outcome variables, suggesting that practice effects can be found even when a task is only performed twice. We conclude by discussing possible explanations for the differences between our results and those reported in prior studies, and recommend that any claims of improvement should be supported by studies capable of replicating them.

scholarly journals The patient satisfaction in primary care consultation—Questionnaire (PiC): An instrument to assess the impact of patient-centred communication on patient satisfaction

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254644
Author(s):  
Stefanie Stark ◽  
Lukas Worm ◽  
Marie Kluge ◽  
Marco Roos ◽  
Larissa Burggraf
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Primary Care Consultation ◽  
Care Consultation ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background Primary care consultation is significantly influenced by communication between the General Practitioner (GP) and their patients. Hypothesising that patient satisfaction can be tested based on an expectation-experience comparison, the aim of this article is to discuss the influence of communication on patient satisfaction. Methods A standardised questionnaire was developed striving for a universal primary care survey tool that focuses on patient satisfaction in the context of patient-centred-communication. The sample consisted of 14 German GPs with 80 patients each (n = 1120). Due to the inclusion in an overarching cluster-randomised-study (CRT), the medical practices to be examined were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention was developed as a reflective training on patient-centred communication. Results The results in the present sample show no correlation between patient-centred-communication and patient satisfaction. There are also no significant differences between the intervention and control group. Discussion The results raise the question to what extent patient satisfaction can be shaped significantly through patient-centred-communication. The presented project represents part of the basic research in general medical care research and contributes to the transparent processing of theoretical assumptions. With the results described here, communication models with a focus on patient centredness can be evaluated with regard to their practical relevance and transferability.

scholarly journals How we managed elective, urgent, and emergency orthopedic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Domenico Giorgi ◽  
Enrico Gallazzi ◽  
Paolo Capitani ◽  
Giuseppe Antiono D’Aliberti ◽  
Federico Bove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Italian National Health

The COVID-19 virus is a tremendous burden for the Italian health system. The regionally-based Italian National Health System has been reorganized. Hospitals' biggest challenge was to create new intensive care unit (ICU) beds, as the existing system was insufficient to meet new demand, especially in the most affected areas. Our institution in the Milan metropolitan area of Lombardy, the epicentre of the infection, was selected as one of the three regional hub for major trauma, serving a population of more than three million people. The aims were the increase the ICU beds and the rationalization of human and structural resources available for treating COVID-19 patients. In our hub hospital, the reorganization aimed to reduce the risk of infection and to obtained resources, in terms of beds and healthcare personnel to be use in the COVID-19 emergency. Non-urgent outpatient orthopaedic activity and elective surgery was also suspended. A training programme for healthcare personnel started immediately. Orthopaedic and radiological pathways dedicated to COVID-19 patients, or with possible infection, have been established. In our orthopaedic department, we passed from 70 to 26 beds. Our goal is to treat trauma surgery's patient in the “golden 72 hours” in order to reduce the overall hospital length of stay. We applied an objective priority system to manage the flow of surgical procedures in the emergency room based on clinical outcomes and guidelines. Organizing the present to face the emergency is a challenge, but in the global plan of changes in hospital management one must also think about the near future. We reported the Milan metropolitan area orthopaedic surgery management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our decisions are not based on scientific evidence; therefore, the decision on how reorganize hospitals will likely remain in the hands of individual countries.

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