scholarly journals Mitigation of free radicals and carbohydrate-linked enzymes by extracts and partitioned fractions of Elephantorrhiza elephantina (Burch.) Skeels root

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lebohang D. Moloi ◽  
Fatai O. Balogun ◽  
Anofi O.T. Ashafa
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Metal Chelating ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Background: Elephantorrhiza elephantina (Burch.) Skeels is a medicinal plant used in folkloric medicine for the management of several metabolic and infectious diseases.Aim: This aim of this research study was to investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of extracts and partitioned fractions in order to validate its folkloric use.Setting: The plant material purchased from herb sellers in Qwaqwa township, authenticated at Department of Plant Science Qwaqwa herbarium, was evaluated in the same unit of the University of the Free State.Methods: The antioxidative and antidiabetic activities of extracts and fractions were assessed with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6)-sulphonic acid, hydroxyl radicals, metal chelating agents, and α-amylase, as well as α-glucosidase inhibitions based on standard methods. The subfractions with considerable yields from the partitioned n-hexane fraction of the crude extract were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis or profiling for possible compound identification.Results: The aqueous extract showed the most effective 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical and metal chelating activities judging by half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50: 0.573, 0.059 and 1.937 mg/mL, respectively), whilst the ethanol extract revealed maximum activity (0.017 mg/mL) against 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6)-sulphonic acid. However, the ethanol extract displayed the most potent alpha-amylase (0.346 mg/mL) inhibition, whilst the aqueous extract (0.363 mg/mL) was best against alpha-glucosidase. The modes of enzymes inhibition revealed that the aqueous extract displayed near-competitive inhibition against alpha-amylase and uncompetitive inhibition against alpha-glucosidase. Additionally, good antioxidative and antihyperglycaemic effects were established by the n-hexane fraction when compared with standards (gallic acid and acarbose). The GC-MS chromatogram of subfractions (4 and 9) from the n-hexane fraction afforded compounds, such as 2,4-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-phenol, 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester, dodecanoic acid and 1-methylethyl ester already established in the literature with potential pharmacological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, etc.).Conclusion: The research study provides evidence on the folkloric use and insights on the prospect of the plant as natural antioxidative and antidiabetic agents.

scholarly journals ALPHA AMYLASE AND ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF SELECTED EDIBLE SEAWEEDS FROM SOUTH COAST AREA OF INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Reka ◽  
Thahira Banu A. ◽  
M. Seethalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Gracilaria Edulis ◽  
Edible Seaweeds ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Objective: The present work was to investigate the alpha amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the selected edible seaweeds.Methods: The seaweeds namely Acanthophora spicifera, Gracilaria corticata, Gracilaria edulis, Ulva lactuca and Ulva reticulata were selected for this study. Six and eight hours of ethanol and aqueous extract were used for the estimation of alpha amylase using DNS method and alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity.Results: The study reported that the solvent from ethanol and aqueous in eight hours of extraction showed a higher inhibitory activity than six hours of extraction. Maximum of 89.1±0.96 and 79.55±3.08 percent of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity were detected in the eight hours of aqueous extract (0.5 ml) of Ulva reticulata and Gracilaria edulis respectively. All the selected edible seaweeds had significant differences (p<0.05) in alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibition activity between the selected seaweeds with different extracts.Conclusion: It was concluded that all the selected edible seaweeds have the potential to act as a potent inhibitor of the carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme. Thus, it was clear from the study that seaweeds incorporated in small amounts in the dishes consumed in the daily diet can bring a control on postprandial blood glucose level.

scholarly journals Potentials of synthesised Lessertia montana zinc oxide nanoparticles on free radicals-mediated oxidative stress and carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-249
Author(s):  
Fatai O. Balogun ◽  
Anofi O.T. Ashafa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Metal Chelating ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

The study evaluated the effects of green absorbed zinc oxide nanostructures on oxidative stress-mediated free radicals and carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes. The synthesised Lessertia montana zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterised using different spectroscopic, microscopic, and diffraction techniques. The activity of L. montana ZnONPs against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), metal chelating assay, alpha-amylase and alphaglucosidase were determined using standard methods. L. montana ZnONPs were stable nanoparticles (NPs), appeared cubical (predominantly) in shape, and in nanometre range sizes. The synthesised NPs are very active (p < 0.05) against DPPH and alpha-glucosidase (0.120 and 0.037 g/L, respectively) when compared with other samples and controls, quercetin (0.349 g/L) and acarbose (0.065 g/L). However, their interaction with quercetin revealed a good ABTS (0.093 g/L) scavenging and an excellent metal chelating (0.027 g/L) effect compared to other samples. The mode of inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes by L. montana ZnONPs was competitive and non-competitive, respectively. The study outcomes revealed that the synthesised ZnONPs possessed the potential to mitigate oxidative stress and diabetes in vitro.

Green-synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Aqueous Root Extract of Dicoma anomala (Sond.) Mitigates Free Radicals and Diabetes-linked Enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 918-929
Author(s):  
F.O. Balogun ◽  
A.O.T. Ashafa
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Metal Chelating ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hydrolyzing Enzymes ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Background: The emergence of eco-friendly methods for the synthesis of metallic nanostructures has continued to receive wider acceptance. Objective: The study investigated the effect of biologically-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles on free radicals and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes. Methods: The characterized nanoparticles, DaZnONPs (Dicoma anomala zinc oxide nanoparticles) were obtained using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). The activity of the synthesized nanostructures against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), metal chelating, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase was determined using standard methods. Results: DaZnONPs were observed to be stable, mostly cubical in shape and within the nanometre size range. Optimum absorption of DaZnONPs was observed at 386 nm. The FTIR analysis indicated the presence of functional groups arising from alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins (detected in earlier reports) and indicate potential nucleation and stability of the ZnONPs. XRD result depicted similar patterns of DaZnONPs and standard ZnO spectra, revealing a hexagonal and crystalline nature of the particles in nanometre range as shown by the obtained peaks. DaZnONPs inhibited DPPH (0.54 μgmL-1 and alpha-amylase (104.34 μgmL-1 better than quercetin (349.98 μgmL-1 and acarbose (594. 54 μgmL-1. Meanwhile, the metal chelating effect of DaZnONPs (30.41 μgmL-1 was observed to be insignificantly (p>0.05) at par with quercetin (27.81 μgmL-1. The kinetics of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes by DaZnOnPs was observed to be non-competitive inhibitions. Conclusion: DaZnONPs (as against the bulk extract) could be explored as possible antioxidative and antihyperglycaemic agents mitigating the adverse effects of free radicals and hyperglycaemia.

scholarly journals The Antidiabetic and Spectral Analysis of Various Extracts of Lilium Polyphyllum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
mohd mir ◽  
waqar ashraf ◽  
priya singh
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Polar Components ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Abstract Background The Antidiabetic and Spectral Analysis of Various Extracts of Lilium polyphyllum Methods The study involves antidiabetic and spectral analysis, in which inhibition of alpha amylase and alpha glycosidase inhibition was carried out by various extracts of Lilium polyphyllum. Results The plant showed a good inhibiting potential of amylase and glycosidase, the two key enzymes responsible for the breakdown of oligosaccharides into glucose molecules. Among the extracts the inhibition of alpha amylase was found to be 54.95% by water extract, 53.01% by ethanol extract and 47.87% by DCM extract. The percentage inhibition of alpha glucosidase was found to be 48.48% by water extract, 48.48% by ethanol extract and 43.85% by DCM extracts. GC-MS analysis involves isolation of, Methyl 2-furoate, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, Methyl piperate, Piperine, Palmitic acid, Methyl Palmitate, which in turn justifies the antidiabetic properties of the concerned plant. So the plant can act as good source of antidiabetic drug. The water extract is more beneficial than other extracts. Conclusion The inhibiting potential of natural products have been found as a good choice for the diabetic patients as they did not led to side effects. Similarly in the above study it had been found that Lilium polyphyllum posses many biosignitures which have the amylase and glycosidase inhibiting potential, among which polar components have more tendency than the less polar.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FRAKSI N-HEKSAN DAUN AFRIKA (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) DENGAN METODE DPPH

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Nurul Fatimah ◽  
◽  
Reksi Sundu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Ic50 Value

Free radicals and reactive species are widely believed to contribute to the development of several diseases by causing oxidative stress and eventually oxidative. Vernonia amygdalina (Astereacea) is a small shrub or tree between 1 and 5m high growing throughout tropical Africa. Plants are generally known as bitter leaves is well cultivated and is a general market for merchandise in several countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of hexane fraction from ethanol extract od Frican leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Del.). The method used in this study was the DPPH (1,1-Diphenil-2-Picrylhydrazyl) method. The result of phytochemical screening showed that ethanolic extract of African leaves contained a composition of secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids and saponins. The antioxidant activity of the extract of n-hexane fraction was classified as very weak with an IC50 value of 317.98 ppm.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Toxicity and Antioxidant Property of Cassia fistula Stem Bark Extracts in Zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Shreya Udaya ◽  
Nishith Babu ◽  
Dechamma Pandyanda Nanjappa ◽  
Krithika Kalladka ◽  
Gunimala Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Stress Models

Abstract Objective This study was aimed at evaluating the toxicity and the antioxidant property of Cassia fistula stem bark extracts in zebrafish. Materials and Methods Crude aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. fistula stem bark were obtained following a standard solvent-based extraction method. The toxicity of these extracts on zebrafish embryonic development was determined and the LC50 values were calculated. Finally, the antioxidant property of C. fistula stem bark extracts was determined in arsenic-induced oxidative stress models of zebrafish. Results The aqueous extract of C. fistula stem bark showed a slightly larger LC50 value (213.6 ppm) compared with the ethanol extract (LC50 = 63.5 ppm), suggesting a lower toxicity of the aqueous extract. A significant reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal was observed in arsenic-exposed embryos treated with the aqueous extract, but not the ethanol extract, indicating that the antioxidant activity is present only in the aqueous extract of C. fistula stem bark. Conclusion Identification of antioxidants from natural sources is desirable because of increasing safety concerns associated with synthetic antioxidants. This study demonstrated that aqueous extract from C. fistula stem bark possesses antioxidant properties, which can be further characterized for mechanism of action and potential applications.

scholarly journals Development of mouthwash with Rosmarinus officinalis extract

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Moreira Baumgratz de Paula ◽  
Flávia Costa Moraes ◽  
Orlando Vieira de Souza ◽  
Célia Hitomi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oral Infections

Rosmarinus officinalis, which belongs to the Lamiaceaefamily, is a species of medicinal flora with therapeutic properties. In order to exploit the benefits of these properties, a mouthwash formulation was developed, with careful selection of raw materials to meet pharmacotechnical requirements. Extracts of the plant were incorporated into a mouthwash, which was shown to have inhibitory action in vitro against the micro-organisms commonly found in periodontics. Controls for assessing the quality of the drugs were carried out, quantifying phenols and flavonoids as chemical markers. Mouthwash solutions were formulated containing 0.1, 5 and 10% ethanol extract of R. officinalis; and 0.05, 5 and 10% of the hexane fraction of R. officinalis. In order to evaluate synergism, ethanol extract and hexane fraction were also added to formulations containing 0.05% sodium fluoride and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. These formulations were assessed for inhibitory effect against the specific microorganisms involved in the process of bacterial plaque formation, S. mutans(ATCC25175) and C. albicans(ATCC 10231), frequently found in cases of oral infections. The agar diffusion method was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of extracts and formulations. All mouthwash solutions displayed inhibitory activity having higher sensitivity to S. mutansfor the 5% ethanol extract+0.05% sodium fluoride, and greater sensitivity to C. albicansfor the 10% hexane fraction. Results were characterized by the appearance of a growth inhibition halo, justifying the utilization and association of extracts of R. officinalis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document