scholarly journals Parasites of pigs in two farms with poor husbandry practices in Bishoftu, Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemnesh Jufare ◽  
Nesibu Awol ◽  
Fanos Tadesse ◽  
Yisehak Tsegaye ◽  
Birhanu Hadush
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Examination Techniques ◽  
Privately Owned

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2011 to April 2012 on a total of 384 pigs from two privately owned intensive farms in Bishoftu, Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were to identify and determine the prevalence of common parasites of pigs. For the determination of gastrointestinal (GIT) parasites, faecal samples were collected from the study animals and subjected to standard parasitological examination techniques. Physical examination was conducted for the presence of skin parasitic lesions and skin scrapings were collected to determine prevalence of ectoparasites. The overall prevalence of GIT parasites in the pigs was 25% (96/384). Examination of faecal samples revealed the ova or oocysts of four different gastrointestinal parasites, namely Coccidia (12%), Strongyles (5.2%), Ascaris suum (4.9%) and Trichuris suis (2.9%). Mixed infection by at least two parasite species was observed in 3.65% (14/384) of the pigs. The only ectoparasite species identified was Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis, with a prevalence of 2.6%. This study indicates that pig parasites are a major problem in the study area, hence implementation of strategic control measures and appropriate hygienic management systems are recommended to reduce the prevalence of parasites.

scholarly journals Parasitic Zoonoses in Humans and Their Dogs from a Rural Community of Tropical Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ortega-Pacheco ◽  
Juan F. J. Torres-Acosta ◽  
Alejandro Alzina-López ◽  
Eduardo Gutiérrez-Blanco ◽  
Manuel E. Bolio-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Parasitic Zoonoses

A cross-sectional study was made on 89 inhabitants and their dogs from a rural community of Yucatan, Mexico, to determine the serological prevalence of some zoonotic parasitic agents. Samples were taken to monitor the presence and intensity of infection with gastrointestinal parasites in dogs. In humans, the serological prevalence ofT. canis,T. gondii, andT. spiraliswas 29.2%, 91.0%, and 6.7%, respectively. No associations were found between positive cases and studied variables. From the total of blood samples taken from dogs, 87 (97.6%) were seropositive toT. gondii; only 52 viable fecal samples were collected from dogs of which 46.2% had the presence of gastrointestinal parasites with low to moderate intensity; from those, 12% had the presence ofT. canis. This study demonstrates the presence of the studied zoonotic agents in the area particularlyT. gondiiwhich suggest a common source of infection in dogs and humans and a high number of oocyts present in the environment. Preventive measures must be designed towards good prophylactic practices in domestic and backyard animals (T. canisandT. spiralis). Contaminated sources withT. gondii(food and water) should be further investigated in order to design effective control measures.

scholarly journals Identification of small ruminant external parasite species in Tanqua Abergelle and Kola Tembien districts of Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guash Abay Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Tigray Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Ecto-parasites are a major concern in sheep and goat flocks, wherever sheep and goat are kept. A study was carried out in the districts of Kola Tembien and Tanqua Abergelle from September 2014 to June 2017 with the objectives of identifying external parasites to their species level.Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted. Randomly selected sheep and goat was clinically examined for the presence of ecto-parasites or lesions and identified in National animal health diagnostic and investigation center (NAHDIC) by using taxonomical and entomological examination. About 237 live sheep and goats have been examined randomly for the presence of external parasites.Results All identified species of external parasites were found in both species. Accordingly, eight species of external parasites have been identified with their prevalence as follows; Amblyoma varigatum (35.4%), Ripicephulus parvus (22.8%), Ripicephulus praetexatus (8.4%), Ripicephulus pulchellus (7.6%), Ctenocephalides felis felis (5.1%), Linognatus africanus (11.8%), Ripicephalus evertsi (2.5%), Hayaloma trancatum (6.5%). Both in sheep and goats, there was no significant difference between infestation of external parasites and the associated risk factors except for Amblyoma varigatum which was higher in Tanqua Abergelle (25.7%) than Kola Tembien (9.7%). The odd of infestation by Amblyoma varigatum in goat was 3.5 higher than in sheep.Conclusions Our study revealed that eight species of external parasites has been found with a higher rate of infestation. Therefore, to minimize the prevalence of external parasites urgent and well coordinated external parasites control measures should be taken.

scholarly journals Government management capacities and the containment of COVID-19: a repeated cross-sectional study across Chinese cities

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e041516
Author(s):  
Wenchao Li ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Junjian Yi
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Government Management ◽  
The Government ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

ObjectivesBetter understanding of the dynamics of the COVID-19 (2019 novel coronavirus disease) pandemic to curb its spread is now a global imperative. While travel restrictions and control measures have been shown to limit the spread of the disease, the effectiveness of the enforcement of those measures should depend on the strength of the government. Whether, and how, the government plays a role in fighting the disease, however, has not been investigated. Here, we show that government management capacities are critical to the containment of the disease.SettingWe conducted a statistical analysis based on cross-city comparisons within China. China has undergone almost the entire cycle of the anticoronavirus campaign, which allows us to trace the full dynamics of the outbreak, with homogeneity in standards for statistics recording.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcome measures include city-specific COVID-19 case incidence and recoveries in China.ResultsThe containment of COVID-19 depends on the effectiveness of the enforcement of control measures, which in turn depends on the local government’s management capacities. Specifically, government efficiency, capacity for law enforcement, and the transparency of laws and policies significantly reduce COVID-19 prevalence and increase the likelihood of recoveries. The organisation size of the government, which is not closely related to its capacity for management, has a limited role.

Comparison and Association of Neck Extensor Muscles’ Endurance and Postural Function in Subjects with and without Chronic Neck Pain – A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Kandakurti ◽  
Ravi Shankar Reddy ◽  
Venkata Nagaraj Kakarparthy ◽  
Kanagaraj Rengaramanujam ◽  
Jaya Shanker Tedla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Chronic Neck Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Velocity Moment

Abstract Purpose Neck extensor endurance (NEE) and position sense are vital for maintaining cervical spine function and defects in these processes may be associated with impaired postural control in chronic neck pain (CNP) subjects. The study’s objectives are 1) to compare the cervical extensor endurance capability and postural control of CNP subjects with those of asymptomatic controls; 2) to investigate the association between NEE and postural control. Materials and Methods Sixty-four participants (38 asymptomatic, 38 with CNP) participated in this cross-sectional study. NEE was assessed using a clinical extensor endurance test. Under open and closed eyes conditions, postural control measures were tested with the Good Balance system. The postural control parameters were AP-velocity (mm/s), ML-velocity (mm/s) and Velocity moment (mm2). NEE capacity and postural control parameters were compared and correlated between asymptomatic and CNP subjects. Results and Discussion CNP subjects showed lower NEE capacity (p<0.001) and significantly larger AP-velocity (p<0.001), ML-velocity (p<0.001) and Velocity moment (p<0.001) than asymptomatic participants. NEE negatively correlated with AP-velocity (r=−0.51, p=0.001), ML-velocity (r=0.46, p=0.003) and velocity moment (r=0.38, p=0.020) in asymptomatic subjects in eyes open condition and no correlations in subjects with CNP. CNP subjects showed increased postural sway velocities and lowered extensor endurance capacity compared to asymptomatic participants. No correlations existed between NEE and postural control parameters in CNP subjects.

Knowledge about biosafety measures in clinical setting during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study with Brazilian dental students

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Matheus dos Santos Fernandez ◽  
Andreia Morales Cascaes ◽  
Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes Muniz ◽  
Nathalia Ribeiro Jorge da Silva ◽  
Camilla Hubner Bielavski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Medium Level

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of Brazilian dental students about biosafety measures that should be adopted in the clinical setting during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 1,050 dental students was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire was shared with students. Mean knowledge score on biosafety guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic was the outcome, with a maximum of 8 scores. Explanatory variables included sociodemographic and educational characteristics, aspects related to biosafety education, actions adopted by the dental schools during the pandemic, and sources of biosafety information. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. Results: Mean knowledge score was 5.19 (1.28). Female students (β=0.346; 95%CI:0.154–0.539), those enrolled in the intermediate (β=0.525; 95%CI:0.167–0.883) or final (β=0.569; 95%CI:0.200–0.937) stage of course, and those who had already received theoretical-practical training in biosafety (β=0.464; 95%CI:0.063–0.866) presented higher mean knowledge scores. Students who did not receive guidance on aerosol control measures before the pandemic (β=-0.324; 95%CI:-0.519–-0.130) had the lowest score. Conclusion: Students presented a medium level of knowledge about dental biosafety measures in the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic characteristics and those related to the institutional profile of the participants, and access to orientation and training in biosafety may influence their knowledge.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of AsymptomaticLeishmania donovaniamong Laborers and Associated Risk Factors in Agricultural Camps of West Armachiho District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Animen Ayehu ◽  
Yibeltal Aschale ◽  
Wossenseged Lemma ◽  
Animut Alebel ◽  
Ligabaw Worku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also called kala-azar) is a public health problem in Ethiopia, especially in sesame and sorghum growing areas. Compared to other populations, labor migrants are the most exposed. Knowing the seroprevalence ofLeishmania donovaniand associated risk factors is essential to design appropriate control measures. The main aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers and associated risk factors in agricultural camps of West Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofL. donovaniinfection.Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 laborers from October to December 2017. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants from selected agricultural camps. After obtaining written informed consent, data were collected using a structured pretested Amharic version questionnaire using the interview technique. A single finger prick blood sample was collected from the study participants and the blood samples were subjected to the serological diagnostic method using the rk39 kit. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated withL. donovaniinfection.Result. Among 185 participants examined using rk39, 14 (7.6%) were seroreactive forL. donovani.Leishmania donovaniinfection had a statistically significant association with sleeping underBalanitestrees (AOR: 4.36, 95%CI: 1.186-16.06), presence of domestic animals near sleeping place (AOR: 4.68, 95% CI: 1.25-17.56), and lack of knowledge about VL transmission (AOR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.07-13.47).Conclusion. Seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers in agricultural camps of West Armachiho was low. Prevention measures and health education about risk factors that expose toL. donovaniinfection for the laborers are essential to prevent the spread of the disease.

scholarly journals Intensive care unit professionals' knowledge and behavior related to the adoption of contact precautions

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Cristina de Oliveira ◽  
Clareci Silva Cardoso ◽  
Daniela Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Appropriate Behavior ◽  
Contact Precautions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study aimed to assess the knowledge and behavior of professionals working in Intensive Care Units (ICU) related to the adoption of contact precautions for the control of hospital infections (HI). This cross-sectional study used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were carried out, including logistic regression and decision tree using CHAID algorithm. A total of 102 professionals participated in the study, of whom 36.3% presented appropriate knowledge and 51% appropriate behavior in relation to HI control measures. Nursing professionals had almost four times more chance (OR = 3.58, CI 1.48-8.68) of presenting appropriate behavior than the remaining professionals. The multivariate analysis did not reveal variables associated with knowledge. No statistically significant association was found between knowledge and behavior (p = 0.196). These results suggest the need to implement educational activities so as to permit a balance between theory and professionals' practice concerning HI preventive measures, aiming to improve knowledge and behavior.

scholarly journals HemoCue against Coulter LH-750 in the estimation of hemoglobin levels of blood donors in mobile collection settings: a comparative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-5
Author(s):  
Sultan A.M. Saghir ◽  
Amer A. Almaiman ◽  
Aishah K.A. Shatar ◽  
Norris Naim ◽  
Huda S. Baqir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Concordance Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Device ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The fast and outpatient setting for a determination of the hemoglobin (Hb) level is a well-recognized prerequisite to detect anemia in blood donors. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the HemoCue methods (HemoCue B-Hb and HemoCue-301) against Coulter LH-750 as a reference method for Hb determination.Methods: This study was an experimental cross-sectional study. It includes 455 blood samples that were collected from volunteer blood donors between January 15, 2010 and February 15, 2011. The performance of the three methods and their comparisons were assessed using the analysis of coefficients of variation (CV), linear regression, and mean difference. Correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman plots were drawn to compare the two HemoCue measurements and the automated cell analyzer against each other and to evaluate their results. The Hb concentrations were compared using the concordance correlation coefficient.Results: The findings exhibited that the CV for the three methods Coulter LH-750, HemoCue B-Hb, and HemoCue-301 were 0.60%, 0.72%, and 0.92%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed between the means of the Hb measurements for the three methods (p<0.001). The HemoCue B-Hb and HemoCue-301 methods showed the best agreement, and the Coulter LH-750 method gave a lower Hb value compared with the two HemoCue methods. The results showed a positive correlation of HemoCue Hb results compared with the reference method.Conclusion: All three methods provide a good agreement for Hb determination. The new device HemoCue-301 was found to be more accurate compared with HemoCue B-Hb and Coulter LH-750.

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