Effect of cultivar and enzyme supplementation on nutrient availability and performance of broilers fed Maritime Canadian wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Rafuse ◽  
F. G. Silversides ◽  
M. R. Bedford ◽  
P. H. Simmins
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

The feeding value of wheat is affected by the content of soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), which varies among cultivars and the environment in which they are grown. Dietary enzymes can reduce the negative effects of NSP and improve the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) content of the wheat. This study examined differences in feeding value of four wheat cultivars grown in 2 crop years in the Maritime provinces of Canada and the need for enzymes. In a growth trial, diets containing one of the Maritime wheats or corn were fed with or without commercial enzymes containing, for wheat-based diets a mixture of xylanase and protease, and for corn-based diets a mixture of xylanase, protease, and amylase. In a broiler chick bioassay, diets containing 80% wheat were fed with or without a commercial enzyme with xylanase and protease activities. Enzymes significantly lowered body weight gain of birds fed Walton wheat in the second year, and improved the grower feed conversion ratio of birds fed Norboro wheat. Enzyme supplementation significantly improved apparent metabolizable energy and digestibility of crude protein. The AME content did not appear to be a direct indicator of performance. There were significant differences in AME content among the wheat samples. Enzymes generally did not improve performance in this study, possibly due to the relatively low in vitro viscosity values of these samples. Maritime wheats were equal or compared favourably with the sample of wheat from Western Canada and to locally obtained corn. Key words: Wheat, broiler performance, apparent metabolizable energy, enzyme

Effects of micronization, tempering, and flaking on the chemical characteristics of wheat and its feeding value for broiler chicks

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Niu ◽  
H. L. Classen ◽  
T. A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Feeding Value

Five experiments were conducted to study the effects of micronizing, tempering and flaking of wheat (cv. Genesis) on the chemical characteristics and its feeding value for broiler chicks. Samples of wheat were micronized (infrared invisible band with wavelengths of 1.8 to 3.4 µ) at 90, 105, and 120°C for 50 s, with or without tempering to 20% moisture, and with or without flaking. Micronization at 120°C produced negative effects on weight gain and feed efficiency (0–18 d). Tempering reduced protein solubility in 0.2% KOH, increased the solubility of dietary fibre, and increased in vivo digesta viscosity and in vitro extract viscosity as well as diet AME. Flaking wheat had no effect on broiler performance in exps. 3 and 4, but decreased growth rate and feed efficiency in exp. 5 despite improved dietary AME. Flaking decreased protein solubility at 120°C but had little effect at lower temperatures. The lowest protein solubility was found in the sample that was tempered, micronized at 120°C, and then flaked. In conclusion, micronization at 90 and 105°C improved the feeding value of wheat for broiler chickens. Tempering and flaking may be beneficial at lower micronization temperatures, but can result in lower nutritional value at higher micronization temperature. Key words: Wheat, micronization, metabolizable energy, broiler

scholarly journals Enzyme Treatment Improves The Utilization Of Lupin-Based Diets By Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Khalil ◽  
Irek A. Malecki ◽  
Mahmoud El-Attrouny ◽  
Graeme B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Poultry Feeding

In poultry, feeding diets including high concentrations of non-starch polysaccharides limits growth rate and feed conversion ratio, and causes problems in health and welfare because of the production of wet droppings. This problem is becoming more important as pressure builds to reduce costs by using alternative sources of dietary protein, such as lupin grain, rather than fish- or soybean-meal. We therefore tested whether enzymes that break down non-starch polysaccharides can overcome the problems with a lupin-based diet fed to Japanese quail. Chicks (18 days old) were allocated among 8 treatments, each replicated 3 times, with 12 chicks per replicate (ie, 36 birds per treatment). Chicks were fed diets formulated to contain 24% crude protein and 12 MJ/kg apparent metabolisable energy (AME). The diets included 10% or 20% lupin meal and, for each level of lupin, they were formulated in one of four ways: 1) no enzyme; 2) pectinase (1.4 U/g polygalacturonase and 0.2 U/g pectinesterase); 3) xylanase (1,4 endo-xylanase; 0.38 U/g); 4) combination of the above pectinase and xylanase treatments. The results indicated that, from age 28 days of age, both lupin content and enzyme treatment significantly (P < 0.05) affected chick performance. Compared with the no-enzyme control, enzyme treatments improved growth at 35 days by 45-50% (P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio by 20-30% (P < 0.05) for both levels of lupin content. In addition, dry matter digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy were significantly improved by the combined enzyme treatment for both levels of lupin inclusion. We conclude that pectinase and xylanase can overcome the negative effects of the non-starch polysaccharides in lupin meal, improving the growth of quail chicks fed lupin-based diets, and that the enzymes work best when combined.

scholarly journals Use of semi-leafless peas (Pisum sativum L) with enzyme addition in diets for broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erja Koivunen ◽  
Eija Talvio ◽  
Eija Valkonen ◽  
Tuomo Tupasela ◽  
Petra Tuunainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Organoleptic Quality ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
Entire Experiment

The aim was to study the effects of dietary pea inclusion and the addition of Avizyme 1200 -enzyme cocktail on broiler performance, intestinal viscosity and organoleptic quality of meat. The experimental design was a 4 × 2 factorial, the factors being dietary pea inclusion (0, 150, 300 and 450 g kg-1) in the diets fed from day 9 to day 38 and the addition of Avizyme 1200 enzyme cocktail including amylase, protease and xylanase during the entire experiment. The growth of birds improved (p ≤ 0.018) with pea inclusion in a cubic manner. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the birds fed on unsupplemented diets improved along pea inclusion, while pea inclusion impaired the FCR on the birds on enzyme cocktail supplemented diets (p ≤ 0.006). The use of the enzyme cocktail improved the body weight, body weight gain and FCR of the broilers and decreased intestinal viscosity (p < 0.001). The organoleptic quality of meat was similar among treatments (p > 0.05). In conclusion, 450 g kg-1 peas can be used in the broiler grower diets without negative effects on the bird performance. The use of enzyme cocktail improves bird performance.

scholarly journals Broiler feed formulated with phosphorus, calcium, and energy deficiencies supplemented with exogenous enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 3029-3046
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de Freitas Jacob ◽  
◽  
Luiz Fernando Teixeira Albino ◽  
Arele Arlindo Calderano ◽  
Romário Duarte Bernardes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Enzymatic Complex

Three experiments were carried out to verify the effects of the enzyme phytase, alone or combined with an enzyme complex, in diets deficient in available phosphorus (AP), calcium (Ca), and metabolizable energy (ME) on broiler performance, ME, and dietary amino acid digestibility. A total of 1,538 male Cobb 500 broilers were allocated to the three experiments, each of which consisted of five treatments: positive control (PC; basal ration); negative control 1 (NC1; PC minus 0.15% of AP, 0.16% of Ca, and 68 kcal kg-1 ME); negative control 2 (NC2; PC minus 0.15% of AP, 0.16% of Ca, and 101 kcal kg-1 of ME); NC1 plus phytase; and NC2 plus phytase plus enzymatic complex. Body weight gain (WG) and feed intake were measured from 1-21 days and from 1-42 days, and the corrected feed conversion rate (FCR) for mortality was calculated. In the second and third experiments, the apparent ME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) and standardized digestibility of amino acids, respectively, were determined, for the diets supplemented with phytase and the enzymatic complex. In the first experiment, enzyme supplementation increased (p < 0.05) WG at 21 days and 42 days relative to the negative controls. Phytase inclusion improved (p < 0.05) FCR at the initial phase compared to the NC1 diet. In the second experiment, enzyme supplementation did not affect (p > 0.05) AMEn. In the third experiment, both enzyme treatments improved (p < 0.05) the digestibility of amino acids in the supplemented diets compared to the deficient diets. Supplementation with phytase and carbohydrases preserves the performance of broilers fed diets deficient in AP, Ca, and ME and improves amino acid digestibility.

scholarly journals Effect of wheat cultivar and enzyme supplementation on nutrient availability and performance of laying hens

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Rafuse ◽  
F. G. Silversides ◽  
M. R. Bedford ◽  
P. H. Simmins
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
And Performance

This study examined the effect of four wheat cultivars (Belvedere, Glenlea, Norboro, and Walton) grown in the Maritime provinces of Canada and dietary enzyme supplementation on apparent metabolizable energy (AME), digestibility of crude protein (CP), and performance of laying hens, and compared these values to those obtained using a corn-based diet. Forty groups of three adjacent battery cages, each housing two hens, were fed each diet which included the wheat samples (61.0%) or locally obtained corn (65.1%), with or without commercial enzymes containing a mixture of xylanase, protease, and amylase for corn-based diets and a mixture of xylanase and protease for wheat-based diets. Excreta samples were collected at 17 d for analysis of nutrient retention. The diet that the hens consumed had no significant effect on performance. The feed conversion ratio of hens was lowest (1.79) in the final week of the experiment when egg production was highest (97.0%) and feed intake lowest (109 g bird-1 d-1). The diet significantly affected both AME and digestibility of CP. The wheat cultivar influenced the AME and digestibility of CP when these diets were fed to laying hens, with enzyme supplementation reducing the AME and digestibility of CP for diets containing three (Belvedere, Glenlea, and Walton) of the four wheat cultivars. The significant improvement with enzyme supplementation of the corn-based diet is promising and should be the basis of future studies. Key words: Wheat, layers, apparent metabolizable energy, enzyme

The effect of storage of cereal grain and enzyme supplementation on measurements of AME and broiler chick performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Scott ◽  
A. B. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Broiler Chick ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

There is a concern that feeding newly harvested cereal grain results in poor performance in poultry. A broiler chick apparent metabolizable energy (AME) bioassay was used to measure changes in feeding value of wheat (n = 14), hulless (n = 10) and hulled (n = 14) barley with or without a commercial enzyme appropriate for wheat- or barley-based diets. In the broiler chick bioassay, four pens of six male broiler chicks were fed ad lib, from 4 to 17 d, diets containing 80% of a test cereal grain and a high-protein basal mixture containing 1% “celite” as an acid-insoluble ash marker. Each of the cereal-grain-based diets, with or without enzyme, was tested within 3 mo of harvest and again 6 mo later. With cereal grain storage there were consistent (P < 0.05) increases in feed intake (FI) between 4 and 17 d and body weight (BW) at 17 d of age with wheat-based diets fed wit h (12.5 and 16.9%, respectively, for FI and BW) or without (16.1 and 22.7%) enzyme. In hulless barley diets without enzyme, there was a significant improvement in BW (7.5%) with storage, while storage had a significant effect on FI and BW (2.9 and 6.3%, respectively) when fed with enzyme. For all other barley diets there was a positive effect of storage on FI and BW, but it was not significant. Feed conversion ratios decreased marginally (P > 0.05) with storage of cereal grain. AME of diets was improved within each period by enzyme supplementation. However, there were measurable decreases (P < 0.05) in AME with storage of cereal grains for the three cereal grains with enzyme supplementation (ranging from –3.2 to –8.2%). The r2 of the above measurements for the different sources of cereal grain between storage periods ranged from 0.65 to 0.94, indicating that the relative ranking of the cereal grains, with respect to feeding value, remained similar during storage. Increases in FI with storage were not significantly related to the attempts of the broiler chicks, to maintain metabolizable energy (ME) intake. Therefore, this increases our concerns that “factors” in newly harvested cereal grains may exist and that they may limit voluntary feed intake and/or growth. Key words: Cereal grain storage, AME, broiler performance, wheat, barley

scholarly journals The Effects of Feed Color on Broiler Performance between Day 1 and 21

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Gulizia ◽  
Kevin M. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Two trials were conducted to determine feed color effects on broiler performance. A completely randomized design was used. Trial 1 included four treatments: control (complete broiler starter diet), red, green, and blue; and Trial 2 included four treatments: control, orange, yellow, and purple. Each trial had 4 treatments with 4 replicates (60 birds/treatment) fed to 240 male Cobb 500 broilers during a 21 d grow out. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure. In Trial 1, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption (p > 0.05). Adjusted feed conversion for control (1.23) was less than red (1.27; p = 0.001) and green (1.26; p = 0.009), with blue (1.25; p = 0.056) tending to be different during the experimental period. In Trial 2, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, feed consumption, and adjusted feed conversion during this study (p > 0.05). Body weight gain between d 1 to 14 for purple (490.78 g/bird) was more than orange (467 g/bird; p = 0.013) and yellow (461 g/bird; p= 0.004), with control (474 g/bird; p = 0.052) tending to be different. Results indicate that these feed colors had some, albeit limited, influence on broiler performance parameters.

scholarly journals In Vitro Estimation of Apparent Metabolizable Energy

1984 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1033-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CLUNIES ◽  
S. LEESON ◽  
J.D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy

Feeding value of three categories of pea (Pisum sativum, L.) for poultry

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Grosjean ◽  
B. Barrier-Guillot ◽  
D. Bastianelli ◽  
F. Rudeaux ◽  
A. Bourdillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe nutritional value of different categories of peas was measured in mash or pelleted diets using adult cockerels. Twenty-five round and white-flowered peas (feed peas), 12 round and coloured-flowered peas and five wrinkled and white-flowered peas were used in mash diets. From the same batches, 11 feed peas, five coloured peas and four wrinkled peas were tested in pelleted diets.Mean apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values were 12·02, 11·35 and 10·50 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) for feed peas, coloured peas and wrinkled peas respectively in mash diets and 13·18, 12·72 and 11·63 MJ/kg DM for the same categories in pelleted diets.Mean starch digestibility was 0·905, 0·887 and 0·802 for feed peas, coloured peas and wrinkled peas respectively in mash diets and 0·985, 0·984 and 0·840 for these categories in pelleted diets.Mean protein digestibility was 0·788, 0·643 and 0·798 for feed peas, coloured peas and wrinkled peas respectively in mash diets and corresponding values for peas in pelleted diets were 0·855, 0·743 and 0·853.Pelleting thus had a positive effect on the nutritional value of peas and this improvement was all the more important because the AME and protein digestibility of the pea in mash diets was low.The nutritional value of feed peas for cockerels was not strongly correlated with chemical composition or to digestibility data obtained in the pig.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG DAUN KEMANGI (Acimum spp) DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM BROILER

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Merry Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Many

The Chicken broiler is a type of superior race chicken that has high genetic properties, especially in growth. The use of herbs as medicines in medicine is now starting to increase, which is evident from the many traditional drugs manufacturers on the market. One of the herbs that can be used as an antibiotic for livestock is basil (Ocimum sp). Basil contains beta-carotene (provitamin A), which supports the function of vision, improves antibody function (influences immune function), protein synthesis to support growth process and as the antioxidant (Adnyana and Firmansyah, 2006). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of basil leaves flour up to 12% level against broiler performance. The experiment was carried out experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD). The results of statistical analysis showed that the addition of basil meal powder into the feed did not affect to feed consumption between levels (P> 0). The result of the statistical analysis showed that the addition of basil meal powder into the feed had no effect (P> 0,05) to the increase in body weight. The result of the statistical analysis showed that the treatment with the addition of basil powder into the feed had no effect (P> 0,05) to feed conversion. The result of this research can be concluded that the addition of basil powder into feed up to 12% level did not give significantly different effect on production performance such as feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion of the broiler.

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