NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF EXTRUDED FULL-FAT SOYBEANS AND RAPESEEDS USING PIGS AND CHICKENS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. BAYLEY ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Gross Energy

Soybeans and rapeseeds were ’extruded’ at temperatures of 125 and 120 C, respectively. These products, along with soybean meal and rapeseed meal were substituted for 40% of a basal diet; the basal and substituted diets were fed to barrow pigs from 25 to 75 kg liveweight. Digestibility determinations, carried out when the pigs weighed 30 and 70 kg showed that the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, fat and nitrogen were not influenced by the weight of the pig; however, crude fiber was better digested by the 70-kg than by the 30-kg pigs. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter and gross energy of the diet containing rapeseed meal were less than those for the other diets. Digestible energy values of soybean meal and extruded soybean were 3.88 and 4.31 kcal/g, respectively, for the 30-kg pigs. Corresponding values for the rapeseed meal and extruded rapeseed were 2.93 and 4.83 kcal/g, respectively. Backfat of the pigs that had received the diet containing extruded soybeans contained significantly more linoleic acid (27%) than that from the pigs which had received the basal diet (14%). There was 3% erucic acid in the backfat sample of the pigs that had received the diet containing the extruded rapeseed. Addition of raw rapeseed to a basal diet reduced weight gain of young chicks, but this effect could be partially alleviated by extruding the rapeseed, in that the addition of 10% extruded rapeseed did not reduce performance significantly.

scholarly journals DIGESTIBLE AND METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUES FOR RAPESEED MEALS AND FOR SOYBEAN MEAL FED TO GROWING PIGS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. SABEN ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND ◽  
R. T. HARDIN
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Weight Groups

Twelve samples of rapeseed meal (RM) and one sample of soybean meal (50% protein) (SM) were evaluated for digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), nitrogen-corrected ME (MEn) and digestible nitrogen (DN). RM samples were of Brassica campestris and B. napus origin and contained meals processed by solvent, prepress-solvent or expeller processes. Two of the meals were from rapeseeds not in commercial production, one a Bronowski (low glucosinolate) napus meal and one a meal from zero-erucic acid rapeseed of napus type. Energy studies were conducted with 64 pigs at 16, 33 and 65 kg liveweight, adding 25% by weight of the test ingredient to the total diet. The overall means and standard errors for all weight groups for gross energy (GE), DE, ME and MEn, in kcal/g of dry matter, for 10 RM (excluding Bronowski and zero-erucic acid RM) were 4.74 ± 0.12, 3.21 ± 0.18, 2.89 ± 0.19 and 2.64 ± 0.19, respectively, while the values obtained for SM were 4.81 ± 0.08, 4.21 ± 0.16, 3.92 ± 0.17 and 3.64 ± 0.16. There were no significant differences in DE, ME or MEn among the 12 RM samples, or between weight periods. The values for the basal diet were uniform throughout. The overall mean coefficient for DN was 75.9% for RM and 89.2% for SM. The DE, ME and MEn values for RM should be considered as being species specific.

A COMPARISON OF RAPESEED MEAL AND SOYBEAN MEAL AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN AND PROTECTED LIPID AS A SOURCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL ENERGY FOR CALF STARTER DIETS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Formed Part

Thirty male Holstein calves were utilized in a 2 × 3 factorial experiment designed to compare rapeseed meal (cv. Candle) and soybean meal as protein supplements and 0, 10, and 20% levels of protected lipid as a form of supplemental energy for starter rations. The six rations were fed free choice from 21 to 70 days of the experiment with whole milk fed at 10% of body weight from 0 to 42 days. Starter intake was similar for the two protein sources but significantly less for the ration containing 10% protected lipid compared to either the 0 or 20% levels. Body weight gain was faster for calves fed the starter containing 20% protected lipid compared to those fed the 10% level. Efficiency of feed conversion was greater for calves receiving protected lipid. There were no differences between protein source in dry matter intake, body weight gain, efficiency of feed conversion, apparent dry matter digestibility or dressing percent. Plasma glucose and percent hematocrit were significantly lower and percent kidney fat significantly higher for calves fed starter rations containing soybean meal. The relative availability of copper was reduced significantly when soybean meal or 20% protected lipid formed part of the starter diet. It was concluded from this study that Candle rapeseed meal was a suitable source of supplemental protein for calf starter diets and that the inclusion of protected lipid improved feed conversion of calves from 43 to 70 days of age.

EFFECTS OF FEEDING LOW AND HIGH GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEALS AND SOYBEAN MEAL ON THYROID FUNCTION OF YOUNG PIGS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. McKINNON ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Free Thyroxine Index ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

In two experiments, 113 pigs were fed diets containing up to 25.3% low-glucosinolate, low-erucic acid rapeseed meal (cv. Tower = 00-RSM) or 31.3% commercially available rapeseed meal (C-RSM) as partial or complete replacements for soybean meal (SBM). The diets, formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric, were fed ad libitum to the pigs from 4 to 10 wk of age. Serum triiodothyronine uptake (T-3 uptake) was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the SBM diet compared with the other diets. In experiment 1, tetraiodothyronine (T-4) levels of 10-wk-old pigs fed the SBM diet were greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed C-RSM or C-RSM + SBM diets. The free thyroxine index (T-3 uptake/100 × T-4) was lowest (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the C-RSM diet. In experiment 2, serum T-4 levels of pigs fed the SBM and 00-RSM + SBM diets were higher (P < 0.05) than for those of pigs fed other diets. Serum cholesterol levels of pigs fed the 00-RSM, C-RSM and C-RSM + SBM diets were higher (P < 0.05) than was found with the SBM or 00-RSM + SBM diets. Thyroid weight was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the C-RSM or C-RSM + SBM diets. The height of epithelial cells was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the 00-RSM and C-RSM diets and weight of epithelium of all pigs fed RSM indicated epithelial hypertrophy compared with those fed the SBM diet. The results suggested that thyroid function of pigs fed high levels of 00-RSM might be impaired compared with those fed SBM as the sole supplementary protein source in cereal-based diets, but less severely than with pigs fed C-RSM.

ASSAYING FEEDSTUFFS FOR AVAILABLE LYSINE CONTENT USING A FEATHER MEAL BASAL DIET

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. GUO ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
E. T. MORAN Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Feather Meal ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Available Lysine

A feather meal basal diet with adequate supplementation of methionine, histidine and tryptophan was used in chick growth assays to estimate the availability of lysine in five feedstuffs. When a slope-ratio technique was applied, estimates of lysine availability were: meat meal 51.9%, fish meal 90.0%, blood meal 70.2%, rapeseed meal 90.1%, and soybean meal 96.6%, when calculation was based on weight gain versus the actual lysine consumed (method A). When the response was measured as weight gain versus dietary lysine concentration (method B), the available lysine values determined were uniformly lower, being 43.1, 86.6, 64.8, 81.5 and 94.5%, respectively, for the above feedstuffs. Feeding tests confirmed that the values obtained by method A, with the exception of soybean meal, were the more reliable of the two methods. Availability figures determined by method B resulted in growth responses superior to those of the control group, suggesting that this method underestimated the availability of lysine.

DIGESTIBILITY, NITROGEN RETENTION AND CALORIC VALUE OF RAPESEED AND SOYBEAN MEALS WHEN FED AT TWO DIETARY LEVELS TO CALVES

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. WOOD ◽  
J. B. STONE
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Difference

Pre-pressed, solvent-extracted rapeseed and solvent-extracted soybean meals were fed with a basal diet to Holstein bull calves at levels to support maintenance or growth. Maintenance requirement was based on digestible energy (DE) = 145 W0.75 (kg). Growth rates of 0.55 and 0.75 kg per day were supported by intakes of 1.66 and 1.92 × maintenance for rape-basal and soy-basal diets. The digestibility of proximate components and energy were determined by the "difference" procedure. The derived crude protein digestion coefficients of rapeseed and soybean meals were 89 and 93%, resulting in digestible protein contents of 35 and 47%, respectively. The gross energy digestion coefficient was lower (P < 0.01) at the maintenance level of intake than at the level for growth, for both mixed rations (81, 89 for rapeseed meal and 78, 88 for soybean meal). The mean caloric values of rapeseed and soybean meals derived by difference were 3213 and 2926 kcal DE/kg dry matter, respectively. It was concluded that rapeseed meal is lower in digestible protein content but equal to or greater in DE value than soybean meal.

scholarly journals Prediction of net energy values in expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal for growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Zhongchao Li ◽  
Zhiqian Lyu ◽  
Hu Liu ◽  
Dewen Liu ◽  
Neil Jaworski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Gross Energy

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine net energy (NE) of expeller-press (EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal (SE-RSM) and to establish equations for predicting the NE in rapeseed meal (RSM) fed to growing pigs.Methods: Thirty-six barrows (initial body weight [BW], 41.1±2.2 kg) were allotted into 6 diets comprising a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 5 diets containing 19.50% RSM added at the expense of corn and soybean meal. The experiment had 6 periods and 6 replicate pigs per diet. During each period, the pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 16 days which included 7 days for adaption to diets. On day 8, pigs were transferred to respiration chambers and fed their respective diet at 2,000 kJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg BW<sup>0.6</sup>/d. Feces and urine were collected, and daily heat production was measured from day 9 to 13. On days 14 and 15, the pigs were fed at 890 kJ ME/kg BW<sup>0.6</sup>/d and fasted on day 16 for evaluation of fasting heat production (FHP).Results: The FHP of pigs averaged 790 kJ/kg BW<sup>0.6</sup>/d and was not affected by the diet composition. The NE values were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM for EP-RSM and SE-RSM, respectively. The NE value was positively correlated with gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), ME, and ether extract (EE). The best fit equation for NE of RSM was NE (MJ/kg DM) = 1.14×DE (MJ/kg DM)+0.46×crude protein (% of DM)–25.24 (n = 8, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96, p<0.01). The equation NE (MJ/kg DM) = 0.22×EE (% of DM)–0.79×ash (% of DM)+14.36 (n = 8, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.77, p = 0.018) may be utilized to quickly determine the NE in RSM when DE or ME values are unavailable.Conclusion: The NE values of EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM. The NE value of RSM can be well predicted based on energy content (GE, DE, and ME) and proximate analysis.

scholarly journals Composition, digestibility and nutritive value of cereals for dogs

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. KEMPE ◽  
M. SAASTAMOINEN ◽  
S. HYYPPÄ
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

Most dry dog foods are based on cereals, but very little published information and few comparative studies are available on the nutritive value of various cereals in dogs. To determine the apparent nutrient digestibilities and feed values of five different autoclave-processed and ground cereals: oat groats, barley, wheat, corn and rice, a digestibility trial was carried out on twelve adult huskies according to a 6 x 4 cyclic changeover design. Total tract organic matter (OM), crude carbohydrate and gross energy (GE) digestibilities were higher in rice than in all the other cereals. Apparent crude protein (CP) and acid hydrolyzed fat digestibilities of rice (80% and 94%, respectively) were as good as for oat groats (81% and 93%). However, oat groats had higher OM, CP and GE digestibilities than barley, wheat and corn. The amount of digestible crude protein (118 g kg-1 DM) was higher in oat groats than in the other cereals. Digestible energy contents (MJ kg-1 DM) of oat groats, rice, corn, wheat and barley were 17.1, 16.0, 15.7, 15.6 and 15.5, respectively. The quantity of excreted wet faeces increased and the percentage of dry matter (DM) in faeces decreased when oat groats, barley, wheat or corn were supplemented to the basal diet, in contrast to rice, which had the opposite effect on wet faeces excretion. Oat groats are good substitutes for rice or other cereals in dry dog foods.;

Pengaruh Penambahan Bungkil Kedelai terhadap Konsumsi Pakan, Pertambahan Bobot Badan Harian, dan Konversi Pakan pada Sapi Peranakan Simmental

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rico Rico ◽  
Novi Eka Wati ◽  
Adisti Rastosari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
T Test ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Protein Consumption ◽  
Simmental Cattle

The objective of the researh was to study the effect of additions soybean meal in ration on the feed consumption, daily weight gain and feed convertion in Simmental cattle. The experiment used eight male Simmental cattle around 2 years old with an average weight of 198,65 ± 14,57 kilograms. The cattle kept for 35 days and given rations P0 (rations ranchers) and P1 (rations plus soybean meal). Data was obtained, then analyzed using independent sample t-test assisted with SPSS version 17.00 software. The result showed that the addition of soybean meal did not affect on dry matter consumption, daily weight gain, and feed convertion but, the crude protein consumption was increased. Keywords: dry matter consumption, daily weight gain, feed convertion

Effects of dietary spray-dried plasma protein on nutrient digestibility and growth performance in nursery pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansol Kim ◽  
Seung Hyung Lee ◽  
Beob Gyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Spray Dried

Abstract The objectives were to determine the digestible energy and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA; Exp. 1) and to determine growth performance (Exp. 2) of 2 sources of dietary spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) in nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, twelve nursery barrows (9.8 ± 0.9 kg) were assigned to a quadruplicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with 3 diets and 2 periods. Each period consisted of 5 days of adaptation, 2 days of fecal sampling, and 2 days of ileal collection. A basal diet was composed of corn, soybean meal, whey, and sucrose as the sole energy and AA sources. Experimental diets were prepared by replacing 15% of the energy and AA sources in the basal diet with SDPP 1 (manufactured in the USA; 78.2% crude protein and 4,862 kcal gross energy/kg as-is) or SDPP 2 (manufactured in Korea; 74.3% crude protein and 4,636 kcal gross energy/kg as-is). Spray-dried plasma protein 1 had greater digestible energy (P &lt; 0.05), but less (P &lt; 0.05) standardized ileal digestibility of Lys, Met, Trp, and Thr compared with SDPP 2. In Exp. 2, eighty-four nursery pigs (7.9 ± 0.7 kg) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 7 replicate pens and 4 pigs per pen. Three corn-soybean meal-whey-based diets contained fish meal (6% and 3.5% for d 0 to 14 and d 14 to 28, respectively), SDPP 1 (4.5% and 2.7%), or SDPP 2 (5.0% and 3.0%) to maintain same energy and nutrient concentrations. During d 0 to 14 and overall period, pigs fed the diets containing SDPP gained more weight (P &lt; 0.05) than those fed the fish meal diet with no difference between 2 SDPP sources. In conclusion, SDPP 1 contains greater digestible energy but less AA digestibility compared with SDPP 2. Growth-promoting effects of both SDPP sources in nursery diets have been clearly demonstrated in this work.

EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS FEEDING OF RAPESEED MEAL ON GROWTH OF DAIRY CALVES AND SUBSEQUENT FIRST LACTATION YIELD

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
M. E. SEALE
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Continuous Feeding

Thirty dairy heifer calves were reared from birth to calving on rations containing 0, 6.8 or 13.7% rapeseed meal in substitution for soybean meal. The level of rapeseed meal did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect feed intake, weight gain or feed efficiency of heifers up to breeding weight (330–340 kg). The level of rapeseed meal did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect reproduction or milk production during the first lactation. However, there may have been a trend for lower conception rate and milk fat production during first lactation with the higher level of rapeseed meal.

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