scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FORAGE PHENOLICS ON CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA AND IN VITRO CELLULOSE DEGRADATION

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 39-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. VAREL ◽  
H. G. JUNG
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions

The forage phenolics, cinnamic acid and vanillin depressed in vitro dry matter disappearance of cellulose 14 and 49%, respectively. Compared to controls, the number of Bacteroides succinogenes was threefold greater for fermentations which contained vanillin. These results are contrary to those expected and vanillin-induced oxidation of anaerobic conditions may be involved. Key words: Forage phenolics, in vitro digestion, cellulolytic bacteria

scholarly journals 127 Porcine in vitro digestibility of whole stillage predigested with multi-enzyme during different time periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 49-50
Author(s):  
Kevin S Jerez Bogota ◽  
Tofuko A Woyengo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Whole Stillage ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract A study was conducted to determine the effects of the period of predigesting whole stillage (WS; slurry material that is dried into DDGS) with multi-enzyme and composition of the multi-enzyme on porcine in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM) of the WS. Four samples of whole stillage from 4 different sources were freeze-dried and divided into 13 subsamples to give 52 sub-samples. Thirteen treatments were applied to the 48 sub-samples within source. The treatments were undigested WS (control); or pre-digested with 1 of 3 multi-enzymes (MTE1, MTE2, and MTE3) at 55 °C for 6, 12, 18 or 24 h in 3 × 4 factorial arrangement. The MTE1 contained xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, mannanase, protease, and amylase; MTE2 contained xylanase, α-galactosidase, and cellulase; and MTE3 contained xylanase, cellulase, β-glucanase, and mannanase. The 52 subsamples were subjected to porcine in vitro digestion. The IVDDM of untreated WS was 73.3%. The IVDDM increased (P< 0.05) with an increase in the predigestion period. However, a rise in the predigestion period from 0 to 12 h resulted in greater (P< 0.05) response in mean IVDDM than an increment in the predigestion period from 12 to 24 h (11 vs. 0.83 percentage points). Predigestion period and multi-enzyme type interacted on IVDDM such that the improvement in IVDDM between 0 and 12 hours of predigestion differed (P< 0.05) among the 3 multi-enzyme types (13.3, 11.1, and 8.5 percentage points for MTE3, MTE2, and MTE1, respectively). The LS means by multi-enzyme treatment were modeled and resulted in unparallel curves (P< 0.05). The estimated maximum response of IVDDM for MTE1, MTE2 and MTE 3 were 82.4%, 84.7% and 87.1% at 15.8, 13 and 13.1 hours, respectively. In conclusion, the optimal time of predigestion of WS with multi-enzymes (with regard to improvement in its IVDDM) was approximately 14 h.

Relationship between intake of silage and its chemical composition and in vitro digestibility

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Brown ◽  
JC Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Lactic Acids

Twenty experimental silages were made from seven pasture species at different stages of maturity. In vivo dry matter, organic matter, and energy ad libitum intakes and digestibilities of the silages were determined with standardized pairs of Merino wethers. The following chemical characteristics of the silages were measured: nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total titratable acids, acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acids, total volatiles lost during oven drying, lactic acid as a percentage of the total organic acids, pH, acid pepsin dry matter disappearance, dry matter content, and in vitro digestibility and rate of digestion. When all 20 silages were considered, energy intakes on a body weight basis were significantly related to silage pH (r = 0.55) and rate of in vitro digestion (r = 0.58). When the five legume silages were removed from the analysis and only the 15 grass-dominant silages were considered, dry matter intakes were significantly related to acetic (r = –0.57) and propionic acid (r = –0.55) concentrations. Multiple regression analyses did not significantly increase the accuracy of predicting intake. The results suggested that silage intake was negatively related to the degree of fermentation that occurred during the ensiling process.

EFFECT OF TANNINS ON THE DIGESTIBILITY OF TWO ISOSYNTHETIC STRAINS OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus L.) USING IN VITRO AND IN SACCO TECHNIQUES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CHIQUETTE ◽  
K.-J. CHENG ◽  
J. W. COSTERTON ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
In Sacco

Two new isosynthetic strains of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), containing low or high concentrations of tannin, were tested using in vitro and in sacco digestibility techniques. The high tannin (HT) strain contained an average of five times more tannin on a dry matter basis, than the low tannin (LT) strain. After 24-h in vitro digestion, by a rumen inoculum, there was less (P < 0.01) dry matter disappearance (45.7 vs. 54.4%) from the HT strain. Also, the development of gas pressure was lower (P < 0.01) and production of volatile fatty acids less (P < 0.05) with the HT strain than with the LT strain. Average dry matter loss from four replicated nylon bags was also lower (P < 0.01) for the HT strain than for the LT strain after 8, 12, and 24 h of incubation in rumen. These data indicate that a LT strain of birdsfoot trefoil might improve the forage digestibility. Key words: Birdsfoot trefoil, tannin, digestibility

Prediction of in vivo dry matter, organic matter, and energy digestibilities of silage in in vitro digestion techniques

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Brown ◽  
JC Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Twenty experimental silages were made from seven pasture species at different stages of maturity. In vivo dry matter, organic matter, and energy digestibilities of the silages were determined at restricted and ad libitum intake levels on standardized pairs of Merino wethers. In vitro dry matter digestibility determinations were made on ground frozen silage and ground oven-dried silage with and without a correction for the loss of volatile compounds during drying. Corrected in vitro dry matter digestibilities of ground oven-dried silage for a 48 hr rumen liquor digestion time gave the most accurate prediction of in vivo dry matter (r = 0.88), organic matter (r = 0.86), and energy (r = 0.74) digestibilities for restricted intake levels. In vitro digestibilities of ground frozen silage more accurately predicted in vivo digestibilities than did in vitro digestibilities of ground oven-dried silage without the correction for volatile losses. In vivo dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were highly correlated (v = 0.97), but both were poorly correlated with in vivo energy digestibilities. In vitro digestion of ground oven-dried silage with a correction for the volatile compounds lost during drying is recommended as a suitable routine determination for predicting the in vivo digestibility of silage.

Observations on the adaptation by sheep to saline drinking water

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Stable Level ◽  
Micro Organisms

The extent of adaptation by sheep and rumen micro-organisms to saline drinking water was investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment, eleven sheep were introduced suddenly to drinking water containing 2 per cent NaCl. Food intakes fell sharply for three days, but then increased again, and by five to seven days reached a stable level 160 g below the food intake on fresh water. In the second experiment, rumen liquor for in vitro digestion studies was taken from sheep conditioned to saline drinking water (2 per cent NaCl) and from sheep with no experience of saline drinking water. The amount of dry-matter (ryegrass) digested decreased with increasing concentration of the medium, but there was no evidence of adaptation by the rumen micro-organisms to this increased concentration. When the concentration was increased by the addition of NaCl alone, the decrease in amount digested was less than when the concentration of all ions was increased.

The use of the in vitro fermentation technique to estimate the digestible energy content of some Egyptian forages I. The in vitro digestion of cellulose as a criterion of energy content

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. A. Naga ◽  
K. el-Shazly
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
Digestible Energy

Twelve digestibility trials were carried out using three adult rams on seven legumes and five nonlegume roughages.In vitro fermentations were carried out over 24 hr. and the percentage cellulose digestion was determined. The whole rumen juice used to inoculate the fermentation tubes was obtained from a sheep with a permanent rumen fistula. Carbon dioxide was bubbled through during the fermentation run, unless otherwise indicated, to ensure anaerobic conditions.The following significant correlations were calculated from the results:In vivo and in vitro cellulose digestion for non-legumes: r = 0·93.In vivo cellulose digestion and D.E./kg. D.M. for non-legumes: r = 0·90.In vitro cellulose digestion and D.E./kg. D.M. for non-legumes: r = 0·90.In vitro cellulose digestion and D.E./kg. D.M. for non-legumes + alfalfa and cashrangeeg: r = 0·91.In vitro cellulose digestion and D.E./kg. D.M. for all forages tested gave a highly significant correlation: r = 0·73.In vitro cellulose digestion and D.E./kg. D.M. for legumes: r = −0·77.Regression equations calculated for non-legumes and for all tested forages, when used for predicting D.E./kg. D.M. gave values which differed from the determined digestible energy by ± 8·70and ± 9·90% respectively. Applying Hershberger's regression equation to the present data, the D.E./kg. D.M. values differed by ± 8·69%.

scholarly journals Supplementary feeding of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L) with late harvested hay. A pilot study

Rangifer ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rehbinder ◽  
P. Ciszuk
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Normal Behavior

<p>In order to increase the fodder available for roedeer during wintertime, late harvested hay was placed on racks early in November in three consecutive years. Freeezing kept the hay dry and fresh during all three winters. In the first winter, with much snow, the bulk of the hay was consumed whereas consumption in the two subsequent mild winters was low and selective. The crude protein content of the hay was low (3.5 - 8.4% dry matter). Metabolizable energy estimated from digestion in vitro was 3.5 &mdash; 5.6 MJ per kg dry matter. Rumen liquor from roe deer during a mild winter gave lower in vitro digestion than liquor from sheep fed with ordinary rations. The value of this poor hay for roe deer is discussed with respect to the animals requirements, seasonal adaption, the energy and protein content of the hay, water consumption and normal behavior. The results indicate that late harvested hay may be more suitable than regularly harvested hay or concentrates to help roe deer to survive spells of severe winter conditions. With late harvested hay placed out at several localized feeding sites, the risks of indigestion and dehydration, associated with a more concentrated, feed, are minimized and the ranking among the roe deer in particular will be less important and thus more animals will have improved prospects of gaining access to the fodder.</p><p>Tilskottsutfodring av r&aring;djur (Capreolus capreolus L) med sent skordat ho. En pilotstudie.</p><p>Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning: I avsikt att, for r&aring;djur, oka m&aring;ngden tillg&aring;ngligt foder under vintertid, skordades och h&aring;ssjades ho i borjan av november under tre p&aring; varandra foljande &aring;r. Hoet fros torn och holl sig f&aring;rskt alla vintrarna. Forst&aring; vintern med mycket sno konsumerades huvuddelen av hoet medan de tv&aring; foljande milda vintrarna konsumptionen var l&aring;g och selektiv. M&aring;ngden r&aring;protein i hoet var l&aring;gt (3.5 &mdash; 8.4 % i torrsubstans). Inneh&aring;llet av oms&aring;ttbar energi ber&aring;knad fr&aring;n digestion in vitro var 3.5 &mdash; 5.6 MJ per kg torrsubstans. V&aring;mv&aring;tska fr&aring;n r&aring;djur under en mild vinter gav lagra in vitro digestion &aring;n v&aring;mv&aring;tska fr&aring;n ordin&aring;rt utfodrade f&aring;r. V&aring;rdet av det mycket sent skordade hoet for r&aring;djur diskuteras med utg&aring;ngspunkt fr&aring;n djurens behov, s&aring;songm&aring;ssiga adaption, energi- och proteininneh&aring;ll i hoet, vattenkonsumtion och normala beteende. Resultat&eacute;n pekar p&aring; att, sent skordat ho kan vara l&aring;mpligare &aring;n p&aring; normal tid skordat ho eller kraftfoder att hj&aring;lpa r&aring;djur att overleva perioder med sv&aring;ra vinterforh&aring;llanden. Med sent skordat och h&aring;ssjat ho, vilket gjorts tillg&aring;ngligt p&aring; ett flertal utfodringsplatser, minskar riskerna for v&aring;mindigestion och dehydrering, forenade med en mer hogv&aring;rdig utfodring, samtidigt som djurens inbordes rangordning blir mindre betydelsefull. Det senare innebarande att fler djur f&aring;r tillg&aring;ng till fodret.</p>

scholarly journals Biodiversity of anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria in landfill sites

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Loren Goldstone
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Anaerobic Media

Landfills play an important role in the removal of waste from the surroundings. There is a limit to the types of waste that can be recycled and the landfill becomes the final method of waste disposal. Because waste constitutes a wide variety of materials, the microbial consortia that develop within a landfill will be equally varied, depending on the type of waste deposited, the temperature of the landfill and moisture content of the waste. The metabolism of these microbial consortia can result in products that are either harmful or beneficial. In order to increase the pool of knowledge on landfill microbiology, it is important to study the various consortia that inhabit the landfill to determine the various microbial interactions that occur and subsequently to manipulate these interactions to enhance the benefits of a landfill site and reduce the harmful effects. In this research, an attempt was made to isolate anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria from a landfill site. Six waste samples, varying in age were obtained over a period of two years. Samples were excavated from a maximum depth of 4m. Samples are processed in anaerobic, phosphate buffer and cultivated in various pre-reduced anaerobic media and incubated under anaerobic conditions. Samples were also collected from other potential anaerobic sites namely, anaerobic sludge, decomposing bagasse, compost, manure, rumen and pond sediment. Results of degradation of the cellulose source (Whatman No. 1 filter paper) indicated that it was possible to cultivate cellulose-degrading microorganisms from the landfill. Zones of clearing around colonies, which would be indicative of cellulose degradation on solid media, were not obtained. Samples from the anaerobic sludge, compost and rumen showed degradation of cellulose in liquid media but not on solid media. It is concluded that the solid media used was unsuitable for the cultivation of anaerobic, cellulolytic bacteria or that the anaerobic conditions employed were not adequate to initiate the growth of the anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria.

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