The Expression Levels of Klotho, Endothelial Nitrite Oxide Synthetase and Catalase Genes of the Heart Tissues of Young and Old Rats

Aims: Type 2 diabetes is the result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors that affect fat and glucose metabolism. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of periodic exercise and resveratrol supplement on the expression levels of Pparg Coactivator 1-Alpha (PGC-1α) and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (PDK4) genes in gastrocnemius muscle of old rates with type 2 diabetes. Methods & Materials: 42 male rats (mean age= 40-50 weeks; mean body weight= 250-300 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups: healthy-control, diabetic-control, Diabetic+Periodic Exercise, Diabetic+Supplement, Diabetic+Periodic Exercise+Supplement and Saline. The type 2 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). The exercise protocol consisted of 10 sets of 1-min activities at 50% intensity and a 2-min rest period between sets, and each week the speed was increased by 2 meters per minute. The exercises were performed for eight weeks. Resveratrol supplement was injected intraperitoneally daily at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. The expressions of PDK4 and PGC-1α in the gastrocnemius muscle were measured by real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Findings: highest expression level of PDK4 and PGC-1α genes in gastrocnemius muscle was observed in the diabetic group received both periodic exercise and Resveratrol supplement and the lowest level was reported in the diabetic-control and saline groups. Conclusion The combination of resveratrol supplementation and periodic exercise can have beneficial effects on PDK4 and PGC-1α expression levels in the gastrocnemius muscle of old rats with type 2 diabetes and reduce the risks of diabetes-related complications.

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Estrogens downregulate urocortin 2 expression in rat uterus

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-13-0228 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 219 (3) ◽

pp. 269-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kenichiro Watanabe ◽

Takahiro Nemoto ◽

Shigeo Akira ◽

Toshiyuki Takeshita ◽

Tamotsu Shibasaki

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Passive Immunization ◽

Estradiol Benzoate ◽

Estrogen Receptor Α ◽

Female Rats ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Old Rats ◽

Mrna Expression Levels

Urocortin 2 (Ucn2) is a member of the corticotropin-releasing factor peptide family and is expressed by various tissues, including reproductive tissues such as the uterus, ovary, and placenta. However, the regulatory mechanisms of Ucn2 expression and the physiological significance of Ucn2 in these tissues remain unclear. We previously showed that passive immunization of immature female rats by i.p. injection of anti-Ucn2 IgG induces earlier onset of puberty. Therefore, this study was designed to clarify the site and regulatory mechanisms of Ucn2 expression in the uterus. Expression levels of Ucn2 mRNA in the uterus were higher in immature (2- and 4-week-old) and aged (17-month-old) rats than in mature (9-week-old) rats in the proestrus phase. In 9-week-old rats, mRNA expression levels and contents in the uterus were lower in the proestrus phase than in the diestrus phase, while plasma Ucn2 concentrations did not differ between the two phases. Ucn2-like immunoreactivitiy was detected in the endometrial gland epithelial cells of the uterus. S.c. injection of estradiol benzoate or an estrogen receptor α (ERα) agonist significantly reduced mRNA expression levels and contents of Ucn2 in the uterus when compared with vehicle-injected ovariectomized rats. By contrast, estradiol benzoate increased Ucn2 mRNA expression levels in the lung. Thus, estrogens downregulate Ucn2 expression in the uterus in a tissue-specific manner, and Ucn2 may play a role in the regulatory mechanisms of maturation of the uterus through ERα and estrous cycle.

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Mitochondria-Targeting Antioxidant Provides Cardioprotection through Regulation of Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Zn2+ Levels with Re-Distribution of Zn2+-Transporters in Aged Rat Cardiomyocytes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20153783 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (15) ◽

pp. 3783 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yusuf Olgar ◽

Erkan Tuncay ◽

Belma Turan

Keyword(s):

Cell Model ◽

Mechanical Activity ◽

Rat Cardiomyocytes ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Ventricular Cardiomyocytes ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Aged Cell ◽

Old Rats ◽

Mitochondria Targeting

Aging is an important risk factor for cardiac dysfunction. Heart during aging exhibits a depressed mechanical activity, at least, through mitochondria-originated increases in ROS. Previously, we also have shown a close relationship between increased ROS and cellular intracellular free Zn2+ ([Zn2+]i) in cardiomyocytes under pathological conditions as well as the contribution of some re-expressed levels of Zn2+-transporters for redistribution of [Zn2+]i among suborganelles. Therefore, we first examined the cellular (total) [Zn2+] and then determined the protein expression levels of Zn2+-transporters in freshly isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from 24-month rat heart compared to those of 6-month rats. The [Zn2+]i in the aged-cardiomyocytes was increased, at most, due to increased ZIP7 and ZnT8 with decreased levels of ZIP8 and ZnT7. To examine redistribution of the cellular [Zn2+]i among suborganelles, such as Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum, S(E)R, and mitochondria ([Zn2+]SER and [Zn2+]Mit), a cell model (with galactose) to mimic the aged-cell in rat ventricular cell line H9c2 was used and demonstrated that there were significant increases in [Zn2+]Mit with decreases in [Zn2+]SER. In addition, the re-distribution of these Zn2+-transporters were markedly changed in mitochondria (increases in ZnT7 and ZnT8 with no changes in ZIP7 and ZIP8) and S(E)R (increase in ZIP7 and decrease in ZnT7 with no changes in both ZIP8 and ZnT8) both of them isolated from freshly isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from aged-rats. Furthermore, we demonstrated that cellular levels of ROS, both total and mitochondrial lysine acetylation (K-Acetylation), and protein-thiol oxidation were significantly high in aged-cardiomyocytes from 24-month old rats. Using a mitochondrial-targeting antioxidant, MitoTEMPO (1 µM, 5-h incubation), we provided an important data associated with the role of mitochondrial-ROS production in the [Zn2+]i-dyshomeostasis of the ventricular cardiomyocytes from 24-month old rats. Overall, our present data, for the first time, demonstrated that a direct mitochondria-targeting antioxidant treatment can be a new therapeutic strategy during aging in the heart through a well-controlled [Zn2+] distribution among cytosol and suborganelles with altered expression levels of the Zn2+-transporters.

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Endotoxin Alteration of the Mucopolysaccharide Blood Vessel Coating in Rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050755 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 148-149

Author(s):

D. E. Philpott ◽

A. Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Basement Membrane ◽

Coronary Vessels ◽

Ruthenium Red ◽

E Coli ◽

Old Rats ◽

The Brain

Two month, eight month and two year old rats were treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg of E. Coli endotoxin I. P. The eight month old rats proved most resistant to the endotoxin. During fixation the aorta, carotid artery, basil arartery of the brain, coronary vessels of the heart, inner surfaces of the heart chambers, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, retina, trachae, intestine, salivary gland, adrenal gland and gingiva were treated with ruthenium red or alcian blue to preserve the mucopolysaccharide (MPS) coating. Five, 8 and 24 hrs of endotoxin treatment produced increasingly marked capillary damage, disappearance of the MPS coating, edema, destruction of endothelial cells and damage to the basement membrane in the liver, kidney and lung.

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Light and electron microscopic investigation of adenohypophyses of germfree, food-restricted, and germfree-food restricted aging, male lobund-wistar rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103826 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 352-353

Author(s):

G. Ilse ◽

K. Kovacs ◽

N. Ryan ◽

T. Sano ◽

L. Stefaneanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Microscopic Investigation ◽

Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽

Aging Male ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Old Rats ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Microscopic Findings

Germfree state and food restriction have been shown to increase life span and delay tumor occurrence in rats. We report here the histologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic findings of adenohypophyses of aging, male Lobund-Wistar rats raised at Lobund Laboratories. In our previous study, the morphologic changes in the adenohypophyses of old rats have been extensively investigated by histology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Lactotroph adenomas were frequent in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas gonadotroph adenomas were frequent in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.Male Lobund-Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) conventional, which were raised under normal non-germfree environment and received food ad libitum; 2) germfree-food ad libitum; 3) conventional environment-food restricted and 4) germfree-food restricted. The adenohypophyses were removed from 6-month-, 18-month- and 30-month-old rats. For light microscopy, adenohypophyses were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.

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Investigation of SPARC protein expression levels at dopaminergic system in mouse brain treated with repeated morphine administration

Neuroscience Research ◽

10.1016/s0168-0102(00)81595-3 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. S125

Author(s):

S Akiduki

Keyword(s):

Protein Expression ◽

Mouse Brain ◽

Dopaminergic System ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Morphine Administration

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Gene expression analysis of metabolic markers during bone regeneration in a rat model

Osteologie/Osteology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1620051 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (03) ◽

pp. 207-211

Author(s):

C. Kasch ◽

A. Osterberg ◽

Thordis Granitzka ◽

T. Lindner ◽

M. Haenle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Gene Expression Analysis ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Female Rats ◽

Synthesis Rate ◽

Metabolic Markers ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Fibrotic Tissue ◽

Intermittent Pth ◽

Lower Expression

SummaryThe RANK/RANKL/OPG system plays an important role in the regulation of bone metabolism and bony integration around implants. The aim of this study was to analyse gene expression of OPG, RANK, and RANKL in regenerating bone during implant integration. Additionally, the effect of intermittent para - thyroid hormone (PTH) treatment was analysed. A titanium chamber was implanted in the proximal tibiae of 48 female rats. The animals received either human PTH or saline solution (NaCl). After 21 and 42 days, RNA was isolated from tissue adjacent to the implant and expression of RANK, RANKL, and OPG was analysed. After 21 days, very low expression levels of all genes were shown. In contrast, increased gene expression after 42 days was determined. Expression of RANK and RANKL was lower than that for OPG. The lower expression levels after 21 days might be due to still ossifying, fibrotic tissue around the titanium chamber. An increased OPG synthesis rate associated with decreased RANKL expression after 42 days revealed bone-forming processes. Despite significant differences in gene expression between the time points, only slight differences were observed between application of intermittent PTH and NaCl after a period of 42 days.

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Autoradiography of Incorporated Leucine-H3 in the Enamel Matrix and Enamel Organ of the Upper Incisor of the Rat

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1621249 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 04 (02) ◽

pp. 186-192

Author(s):

Leonel Costacurta

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Tooth Germ ◽

Longitudinal Section ◽

Equal Length ◽

Enamel Organ ◽

Enamel Matrix ◽

Distal Extremity ◽

Old Rats ◽

Thin Band

SummaryDental germs of the upper incisors of six-days old rats were studied for the uptake of leucine-H3 by different layers of the enamel organ in correlation to the various stages of the development of enamel.The longitudinal section of the tooth germ was divided into 15 zones of about equal length in order to facilitate the description and interpretation of results. Autoradiographic images of the histologic preparations from rats sacrificed 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1 day and 3 days after the injection were made. The strongest reactions were observed in dental germs of rats sacrificed 1 hour, and particularly one day, after the leucine-H3 injection.The uptake of this compound by the enamel matrix increases progressively up to the young enamel and then decreases to the distal extremity; the greatest quantity of this labeled amino-acid was observed in the primary and young enamel. The reactions were present in the transitional enamel only along a thin band close to the dentine-enamel junction.In the enamel organ leucine-H3 incorporation was greatest in the three layers, the zones corresponding to primary and young enamel. In zones corresponding to transitional enamel, the inner epithelium showed a small quantity, and the stellate reticulum a blackening only in its superficial part, were the blood vessels reach the enamel organ.

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High Level Expression of Active Human Prothrombin in a Vaccina Virus Expression System

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1656335 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 68 (02) ◽

pp. 119-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

F G Falkner ◽

P L Turecek ◽

R T A MacGillivray ◽

W Bodemer ◽

F Scheiflinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vaccinia Virus ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Expression System ◽

Human Cell Line ◽

Cell System ◽

Time Saving ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Mammalian Cell Lines ◽

Cell Line Hela ◽

Virus Expression

SummaryWe have worked out an efficient and time saving procedure for the expression of recombinant human prothrombin. The glycoprotein was expressed in the vaccinia virus expression system in several mammalian cell lines. The kidney cell lines Vero and BHK and the human cell line Hela were found to efficiently secrete prothrombin. Expression levels of 3–4 µg of factor II per 106 cells per day corresponding to 18–23 mU per 106 cells per day were achieved. Since the expression levels obtained with the vaccinia virus/Vero cell system were comparable to those obtained in amplified transformed CHO cells it provides an alternative system for the efficient expression of human prothrombin and may allow to further elucidate structure-function relationships of (pro)thrombin and its various effectors.

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