scholarly journals Interruptions to Attending Physician Rounds and Their Effect on Resident Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-275
Author(s):  
Julia Armendariz ◽  
Carla Tamayo ◽  
Justin Slade ◽  
Ilana Belitskaya-Lévy ◽  
Caroline Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Care ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Attending Rounds

ABSTRACT Background Daily attending rounds (AR) are a cornerstone of teaching and patient care in academic health centers. Interruptions in health care are common and can cause increased risk of errors, incomplete work, and decreased decision-making accuracy. Interruptions to AR may diminish a trainee's capacity to learn and retain information. Objective We characterized and quantified interruptions that occur during AR. Methods We used a mixed-methods design combining a prospective observational study with a qualitative study. AR were observed January to March 2020 to characterize interruptions, followed by semi-structured interviews with the observed physicians to elucidate the effect of interruptions on workflow and the educational value of rounds. Results There were 378 observed interruptions over the course of 30 AR sessions, averaging 12.6 (range 1–22, median 13) interruptions per rounding session. Bedside nursing staff was the most common source of interruptions (25%) and consultant recommendations was the most common topic of interruption (21%). Most interruptions occurred during patient presentations (76%), and the most common method of interaction was text message (24%). Most team members described negative effects of interruptions, including loss of focus and missing critical clinical information; some also reported that certain interruptions had positive effects on education and clinical care. Interns were more likely to report negative emotional reactions to interruptions. Conclusions AR are frequently interrupted for non-urgent topics by a variety of methods and sources. Negative effects included loss of focus, missed information, and increased stress. Proactive communication, particularly between physicians and nurses, was suggested to reduce interruptions.

scholarly journals The Experiences of Grief and Personal Growth in University Students: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1899
Author(s):  
Jovita Tan ◽  
Karl Andriessen
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Continuing Bonds ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Formal Services

Background: Experiencing the death of a close person, especially in emerging adults and students, can have profound effects on the bereaved individual’s life. As most research in this field has focused on negative effects of a loss, little is known about potential positive effects experienced by bereaved university students. This study investigated the experience of grief and personal growth in a sample of students from The University of Melbourne, Australia. Methods: Semi-structured interviews via Zoom/telephone with bereaved students (n = 14), who were invited to reflect on their loss and any personal growth potentially experienced. Thematic analysis of the data was based on a deductive and inductive approach. Results: The analysis identified four themes: (i) sharing of grief as a coping mechanism, (ii) balance between grief reactions and moving forward in life, (iii) lessons learned and personal growth, and (iv) adopting values from the deceased person and continuing bonds. Conclusions: Participants emphasized personal growth regarding self-perception and philosophical views on life. Following the loss, they preferred peer support, and used formal services only when they had a specific need. The findings indicate the importance of social support for bereaved students, and the complimentary role of peer and professional support. Hence, academic institutions should offer supportive services tailored to both students and professionals to help bereaved students.

Embracing supply base complexity: the contingency role of strategic purchasing

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melek Akın Ateş ◽  
Huriye Memiş
Keyword(s):  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Purchasing ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

PurposeThis paper aims to empirically examine the moderating role of strategic purchasing on the relationship between supply base complexity (SBC) and purchasing performance.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from 209 firms listed in the Capital Top 500 Firms of Turkey. Measurement properties were assessed via confirmatory factor analysis, and the conceptual model was tested via hierarchical regression analysis. A supplementary analysis based on 14 semi-structured interviews was conducted to provide further insights on the survey findings.FindingsRegarding structural SBC, the results suggest that horizontal complexity and supplier interaction improve purchasing performance, but only in firms with high strategic purchasing. By contrast, spatial complexity reduces purchasing performance in firms with high strategic purchasing, while supplier differentiation does not have any effect. Regarding dynamic SBC, the results show that both delivery complexity and supplier instability reduce purchasing performance when firms have low strategic purchasing. Interviews further suggest that firms with high strategic purchasing leverage the positive effects and mitigate the negative effects of SBC by having a long-term focus, considering multiple performance criteria and adopting advanced purchasing practices.Practical implicationsIn contrast to what is widely posited in the existing literature, the nuanced findings of this study reveal that complexity is not always detrimental. The results suggest that practitioners should aim for high levels of strategic purchasing to suppress the negative effects of SBC while leveraging its benefits.Originality/valueBy investigating the contingency role of strategic purchasing, this study provides novel insights into the under-investigated issue of how to best “manage” SBC.

scholarly journals The Positive Effects of Parents’ Mental Illness on Their Children: A Qualitative Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-453
Author(s):  
Reza Zeighami ◽  
Fatemeh Oskouie ◽  
Soodabeh Joolaee
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Theoretical Sampling ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sampling Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Objective: The main objective of this research is to explore the positive consequences of parents’ mental illness on their children. Material & methods: This study was a part of a more comprehensive study performed based on grounded theory. In this work semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 participants selected by purposeful and theoretical sampling approach. Data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis suggested by Straus and Corbin (1988) method. Results: Despite negative effects of the illness, the children have been perceived positive effects from their parents’ illness. These findings categorized in two category of "independence" and "considering the others needs". Conclusion: Application of these findings in care plan of patients and families, particularly their children, can offer more efficient coping with mental illness. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i4.12989 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(4) 2014 p.449-453

scholarly journals Genomic analyses in a large clinical cohort reveal high prevalence of MECP2 variants associated with neuropsychiatric phenotypes in adulthood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui ◽  
Alina Kurolap ◽  
Lauren Walsh ◽  
Jeffrey Staples ◽  
Cristopher Van Hout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mecp2 Gene ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Clinical Cohort ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the phenotypes of individuals with pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in the MECP2 gene. Methods: We surveyed exome sequencing data from a large clinical care cohort for deleterious variation in the MECP2 gene. We reviewed de-identified clinical information for these individuals to interrogate for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Results: We identified pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in MECP2 in individuals with typical and atypical Rett syndrome, and neuropsychiatric phenotypes, and estimate a prevalence of MECP2-associated disorders of 1 in 2,645 individuals. We observed a 7.45x increased relative risk of neuropsychiatric phenotypes, especially major depression, in adult individuals with deleterious variants in MECP2 without a diagnosis of Rett syndrome. Male individuals with missense pathogenic variants in MECP2 appear to have more severe neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Conclusions: We identified and report individuals with heterozygous pathogenic variants in MECP2 and their phenotypes in a large clinical cohort. The observed prevalence of MECP2-associated disorders in our cohort is higher than estimated in the literature. Individuals with pathogenic variants in MECP2 can survive into adulthood but are at increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, mainly major depression. Pathogenic variation in MECP2 is a likely important contributor to neuropsychiatric disorders in the general population.

scholarly journals Impact of television on children and adolescents: A research review

2016 ◽  
pp. 917-929
Author(s):  
Ana Pesikan
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Elevated Cholesterol ◽  
The Impact

Media has one of the most important and under-recognized influence on health, development and behavior of children and adolescents. Television is still the most popular form of media among children and adolescents. In the last 50 years, more than a thousand researches have been carried out in the world showing the great impact of television on children and adolescents. Television shapes the attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of children and adolescents and strongly influences their perception of reality. The high impact of television is neither recognized by children nor adults; they estimate that the media affect all others except themselves. Television can positively influence a child?s prosocial behavior and acquisition of certain types of knowledge. However, the positive effects have been much less common and usually obtained at a younger age (3-5 years). Most of the studies provide a persistent and robust findings indicating the correlation between exposure to television and a variety of health problems (such as obesity, low physical activity, elevated cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure, etc.) and an increased risk of certain types of behavior (like poor dietary habits, less sleep, smoking, violent behavior, alcoholism, drug addiction, etc.). The research results show that the potentials of television with beneficial effects on children have not been realized; the list of negative effects is much longer and much more diverse; and strategies to reduce the negative effects of television do not apply. The documented findings on the impact of television should elicit serious concern, not just from parents and educators but from many others such as physicians, public health advocates, entertainment industry, politicians, and government.

scholarly journals Perceptions and Experiences of Precarious Employment in Canadian Libraries: An Exploratory Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ean Henninger ◽  
Adena Brons ◽  
Chloe Riley ◽  
Crystal Yin
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Organizational Health ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Precarious Work ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
As Stress

Precarious employment is a labour practice characterized for employers by flexibility and economic efficiencies and for workers by vulnerability and uncertainty as to job duration, scheduling, and pay. It is increasingly common in Canada and can result in physical, mental, financial, and social strain for people who experience it. In libraries, it has the potential for negative effects on individual staff members, organizational health, and service quality. However, literature on precarious library work is scarce, and it is unclear how its effects on library staff compare to those described in the broader literature or how it affects the library field as a whole. The purpose of this study was to gather information about library workers’ perceptions and experiences of precarious employment and to see how it played out in library contexts. Thirteen library workers both with and without experiences of precarious employment participated in qualitative, semi-structured interviews, which were synthesized into a narrative summarizing their thoughts and experiences. Results indicated that while there were some positive effects of precarious work, they mainly benefited library organizations from scheduling and financial standpoints, while negative outcomes were more numerous, more salient, and affected individuals as well as organizations. Awareness of such perceptions and experiences may help to spark conversations and support for those experiencing negative effects from precarious work, and it can serve to reduce or eliminate factors leading to those effects. However, failure to address them may result in negative outcomes for library workers and organizations, such as stress, turnover, marginalization, burnout, leaving the field, reduced service quality, and more. Accordingly, this paper provides some of the first qualitative information on precarious employment in libraries and may be used to support broader discussions about the topic.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Blood Donors’ Psychological Characteristics over 8 Weeks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Max Esefeld ◽  
Ariane Sümnig ◽  
Ulf Alpen ◽  
Hans Jörgen Grabe ◽  
Andreas Greinacher
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Previous studies suggest that blood donation impacts blood donors’ psychological state, with either positive or negative effects, such as feeling more energetic or more exhausted. It has not yet been described how long these effects last. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> This prospective cohort study consisted of a qualitative and a quantitative part: (1) Psychological characteristics which changed after blood donation were identified by structured interviews of regular whole blood donors (<i>n</i> = 42). Based on this, a questionnaire addressing 7 psychological dimensions was established. (2) The psychological state of 100 blood donors was assessed after blood donation by applying the questionnaire 15–30 min before and during donation, as well as 15–30 min, 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, 1 week, and 8 weeks after donation. The resulting changes were summarized to a score. Furthermore, potential correlations of the score with pre-donation blood pressure, hemoglobin, or body mass index were calculated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Seven items were identified which changed in at least 25% of blood donors (mood, concentration, satisfaction, resilience, spirit of initiative, physical well-being, energy level). In the 100 blood donors, the well-being score increased (positive effects, <i>n</i> = 23), showed minor changes (<i>n</i> = 53), or decreased (negative effects, <i>n</i> = 24). The positive effects lasted for about 1 week and the negative effects for 3 days. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> While the frequency of psychological effects following blood donation identified by our study was comparable to others, the changes of the psychological state in our donors were traceable for a longer period than previously acknowledged.

The impact of coronavirus and quarantine on Australian public sector organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan AlMazrouei
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Public Sector Organizations ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Executive Managers ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has challenged leaders to alter the way they manage their organization's employees, such as requiring them to quarantine, self-isolate or practice social distancing so that they comply with government health directives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the quarantine on the workplace.Design/methodology/approachStructured interviews containing open-ended questions were conducted with fifty Australian public sector executive managers to gauge the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on their organizations.FindingsThe study reveals the effects that the virus had on the organizations' teamwork as well as individuals' learning. It finds that organizations experienced both positive effects, such as increased creativity and initiative, and negative effects, such as reduced satisfaction with work teams, from the pandemic.Originality/valueThis study also adds to the still-developing body of knowledge regarding the effects of the virus on individuals' levels of work team satisfaction as well as a variety of other factors specific to public sector organizations

Menopause, cognition and dementia – A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pertesi ◽  
G Coughlan ◽  
V Puthusseryppady ◽  
E Morris ◽  
M Hornberger
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

There is increasing evidence that menopausal changes can have an impact on women’s cognition and potentially, the future development of dementia. In particular, the role of reduced levels of estrogen in postmenopausal changes has been linked to an increased risk of developing dementia in observational studies. Not surprisingly, this has led to several clinical trials investigating whether postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy can potentially delay/avoid cognitive changes and subsequently, the onset of dementia. However, the evidence of these trials has been mixed, with some showing positive effects while others show no or even negative effects. In the current review, we investigate this controversy further by reviewing the existing studies and trials in cognition and dementia. Based on the current evidence, we conclude that previous approaches may have used a mixture of women with different genetic risk factors for dementia which might explain these contradicting findings. Therefore, it is recommended that future interventional studies take a more personalised approach towards hormone replacement therapy use in postmenopausal women, by taking into account the women’s genetic status for dementia risk.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

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