scholarly journals Micro RNAs and the biological clock: a target for diseases associated with a loss of circadian regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1887-94
Author(s):  
Qianwen Ma ◽  
Genlin Mo ◽  
Yong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clock ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Clocks ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

Background: Circadian clocks are self-sustaining oscillators that coordinate behavior and physiology over a 24 hour peri- od, achieving time-dependent homeostasis with the external environment. The molecular clocks driving circadian rhythmic changes are based on intertwined transcriptional/translational feedback loops that combine with a range of environmental and metabolic stimuli to generate daily internal programing. Understanding how biological rhythms are generated through- out the body and the reasons for their dysregulation can provide avenues for temporally directed therapeutics. Summary: In recent years, microRNAs have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of the circadian clock, particularly in Drosophila, but also in some small animal and human studies. This review will summarize our current un- derstanding of the role of miRNAs during clock regulation, with a particular focus on the control of clock regulated gene expression. Keywords: MicroRNAs; biological clock; circadian rhythm.

scholarly journals The Level of Selected Bacterial Phyla on the Skin Surface of Small Ruminants According to the Breed and Species

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2734
Author(s):  
Paulina Cholewińska ◽  
Paulina Nazar ◽  
Andrzej Junkuszew ◽  
Jakub Smoliński ◽  
Katarzyna Czyż ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Positive Correlations

For decades, skin has been assigned the main role of an insulator of the inside of the body from the external environment, but it also plays a role in maintaining homeostasis. In this study, the level of selected bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria) was assessed in three sheep breeds (Świniarka sheep, Uhruska sheep and BCP line (synthetic sheep breed; n = 6) and in two breeds of goats (Boer, Saenian; n = 6) living in the same environment and fed on the same feed, where the aim was to identify differences in terms of race, species and individual differences. Significant differences were found in Firmicute, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla (p ≤ 0.05). Statistically significant and positive correlations were demonstrated between Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes or Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The obtained results suggest that the species and racial differences in the level of the studied bacterial phyla may also result from the physicochemical differences of the skin surface, as they could exacerbate the variations in humidity, temperature, composition of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and lipid content. In addition, individual differences were observed, which indicate a similar effect of an individual on the microbiological composition of its organism.

scholarly journals The Inter-Relationship between Innovation Capability and SME Performance: The Moderating Role of the External Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9132
Author(s):  
Qinghua Fu ◽  
Muhammad Safdar Sial ◽  
Muhammad Zulqarnain Arshad ◽  
Ubaldo Comite ◽  
Phung Anh Thu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Endogenous Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial part in a country’s economic growth and sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between innovation and the performance of SMEs. An external environmental factor acts as a moderating variable between the exogenous and endogenous variables. Data were collected from 350 textile SMEs operating in Pakistan using a cross-sectional study design through self-administered questionnaires. Of these, only 335 surveys were valid for further analysis. The structural equational modeling technique was used for analyzing the data and testing the hypotheses that innovation and the external environment affect an SME’s performance. The results indicate a significant association between innovation and SME performance, and the external environment has a moderating impact on innovation and SME performance. This paper offers valuable recommendations to senior managers and owners of SMEs to consider the innovation and external environment as crucial factors when assessing their SME’s performance. This study contributes towards the body of knowledge on this subject and can help practitioners and researchers explore the effects of innovation and the external environment on the performance of SMEs.

scholarly journals Daily Rhythms of the Body and the Biological Clock

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Shochat ◽  
Eran Tauber
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Light Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Daily Rhythms ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Daily Cycles ◽  
The Brain

Earth’s rotation creates a cycle of day and night, which is observed as changes in light levels and temperature. During evolution, plants and animals adapted to these cycles, developing daily cycles of physical and behavioral processes that are driven by a central biological clock, also known as the circadian clock. Even in the absence of changes in light between day and night, the biological clock creates cycles called circadian rhythms. The nervous system transfers information about the external light level to the biological clock in the brain, which matches the clock’s cycle to the external environment. The biological clock prepares the body for environmental changes. The modern world has created disruptions in the circadian clock’s timing, because of electrical lighting, flights to other time zones, and work during the night. The study of chronobiology studies the mechanisms of the biological clock and the clock’s influence on human health.

The significance of biologically active zones of the skin in the electric exchange of the body with the external environment (on the example, operational damage)

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Новикова ◽  
E. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Functional System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Active Zones ◽  
First Time

This work is devoted to the phenomenon occurring in long-term damage to the biologically active zones (BAZ) by metal spokes and leading to local and general disorders of the organism corresponding to the specific damaged BAZ. On a large clinical material of the application of the apparatuses for external trans-osseous fixation for the treatment of injuries of bones and joints, the author found the phenomenon of energetic exchange between the organism and environment, occurring through BAZ and representing a link of the functional system of adaptive regulation. This allows to attribute the disorders of the normal energetic exchange due to the skin damage, to important pathogenetic factors that must be considered in the treatment of trauma patients. For the first time, the nature of some complications developing in long-term trauma of BAZ, is established and scientifically proven. For the first time in academic medicine, the position on the role of BAZ as a functional system of adaptive regulation of the human body, is proposed and experimentally substantiated.

scholarly journals PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM-A TECHNIQUE OF DELIVERING DRUG IN ACCORDANCE WITH BIOLOGICAL CLOCK - A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-124
Author(s):  
Chiluvuru Vani ◽  
◽  
K. Srinivas Reddy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Pulsatile Drug Delivery

Over last 30 years pulsatile drug delivery system has achieved a lot of importance in drug delivery technology. And the reason why this pulsatile drug delivery is gaining importance is because of its strategy of delivering drug molecule at right place, right time. There are certain diseases which are controlled by biological clock of our body and follow circadian rhythms like congestive heart failure, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis ,osteoarthritis, inflammatory disorders and other hormonal disorders, for this type of diseases conventional solid dosage forms like immediate release tablets or modified dosage forms like sustained, controlled release tablets cant give the required therapeutic response and also for such diseases delivering the drug at right time in right amount is very important. And that task is accomplished by this pulsatile drug delivery system. These pulsatile drug delivery framework is planned by the organic mood i.e., biological rhythms of the body, and medication conveyance is worked with by as per disease cadence. The rule for the utilization of pulsatile drug delivery of the medications is the place where a consistent drug discharge isnt wanted. The principle for the utilization of pulsatile release of the medications is the place where a steady drug discharge isnt wanted, yet drug release must be planned in such a way that, quick medication discharge is accomplished after the lag time. Current review examined the clarifications for improvement of pulsatile drug delivery framework in accordane with body circadian rhythm, kinds of the illness during which pulsatile discharge is required, order, assessments, benefits, impediments.

scholarly journals Polymorphism T3111C of the Clock gene in ethnic groups of women from Russia and Buryatia

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
O. V. Kaluzhnaya ◽  
N. V. Semenova ◽  
T. A. Bairova ◽  
I. M.  Madaeva ◽  
E. V. Belyaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Clock Gene ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Biological rhythms of organisms depend on both changing conditions of the external environment and internal “biological clock”. Circadian rhythms are the response of the organism to the change of day and night. They are some of the most important biological rhythms of organisms. Circadian rhythms are regulated by the group of circadian genes. It is known that women suffer from sleep disorders more often than men. Up to 50 % of menopausal women complain of problems associated with sleeping. The study involved 403 menopausal women aged from 45 to 60 years: 214 Russians (the average age is 52.74±6.28 years) and 189 Buryats (the average age is 51.95±5.13 years) living in Eastern Siberia (Irkutsk region, Irkutsk and Republic of Buryatia, Ulan-Ude). The prevalence of genotypes and alleles of the polymorphism T3111C of the circadian rhythm gene Clock (rs1801260) was studied in these groups. To this end, we conducted genotyping of DNA samples by polymerase chain reaction. It was shown that the compared groups have statistically significant differences in genotypes frequency (р = 0.001). It was found that in the group of Russian women the frequency of the TC genotype (p = 0.004) was significantly higher and the frequency of the TT genotype (p = 0.0001) was significantly lower than those in the sample of women of Buryatia. It was shown that in the group of Russian women allele 3111C is found in 30.4 % of cases, which is statistically significantly more often than in the group of Buryat women, where the frequency of allele 3111C was 19.3 % (p = 0.014).

scholarly journals Extra Visual Function of the Human Eye.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clock ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Scotopic Vision ◽  
Rods And Cones ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The eye is part of the sensory nervous system. However, there are a number of organ systems that also work with the eye. The retina is the only tissue in mammals that regulates photoreception due to the presence of photoreceptors, the rods and cones and performs both visual and non-visual functions Light plays a fundamental role in the behavior of almost all organisms. In addition to visual processes, light also induces important physiological responses. People with mild vascular disease that causes damage to the retina in the eye are more likely to have problems with thinking and memory skills. Everyone has a natural body clock that they are born with and all organs in the body operate according to biological rhythms. Our experiments with ophthalmic mutant rats also showed that the loss of vision also hampered their physiological activities and their rhythmicity was also disturbed. The menstrual cycle disturbances and age of menarche are regulated by many factors; nevertheless, blindness is one of the most impotent factors in regulating biological clock dependent functions. The human eyes are the only organs in the body capable of “seeing”- wavelengths of light and turning it into visual images. We can't “see” or get a visual image to the brain without eyes. The eye-like ability of skin to sense light by using a receptor (Cryptochrome) but failed to form image. Photoreceptors contain chemicals that change when they are hit by light. This causes an electrical signal, which is then sent to the brain along the optic nerve. Different types of photoreceptor allow us to see an enormous range of light and colours. There are two types of photoreceptors in the human retina, rods and cones. Rods are responsible for vision at low light levels (scotopic vision). They do not mediate colour vision and have a low spatial acuity. The blind: People who have lost their sight have different experiences. Some describe seeing complete darkness, like being in a cave. Some people see sparks or experience vivid visual hallucinations that may take the form of recognizable shapes, random shapes and colours, or flashes of light. An afterimage is an image that continues to appear in the eyes after a period of exposure to the original image. Afterimages occur because photochemical activity in the retina continues even when the eyes are no longer experiencing the original stimulus.

scholarly journals The Role of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Inflammatory Responses

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hye Kim ◽  
Byong Chul Yoo ◽  
Woo Seok Yang ◽  
Eunji Kim ◽  
Sungyoul Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Protein Arginine Methyltransferases ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Arginine Residues ◽  
Subcellular Compartmentalization ◽  
Inflammation Responses

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) mediate the methylation of a number of protein substrates of arginine residues and serve critical functions in many cellular responses, including cancer development, progression, and aggressiveness, T-lymphocyte activation, and hepatic gluconeogenesis. There are nine members of the PRMT family, which are divided into 4 types (types I–IV). Although most PRMTs do not require posttranslational modification (PTM) to be activated, fine-tuning modifications, such as interactions between cofactor proteins, subcellular compartmentalization, and regulation of RNA, via micro-RNAs, seem to be required. Inflammation is an essential defense reaction of the body to eliminate harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, or pathogens. However, chronic inflammation can eventually cause several types of diseases, including some cancers, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis. Therefore, inflammation responses should be well modulated. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of PRMTs in the control of inflammation. More specifically, we review the roles of four PRMTs (CARM1, PRMT1, PRMT5, and PRMT6) in modulating inflammation responses, particularly in terms of modulating the transcriptional factors or cofactors related to inflammation. Based on the regulatory roles known so far, we propose that PRMTs should be considered one of the target molecule groups that modulate inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals Russian Consensus “Hyperammonemia in Adults”

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Lazebnik ◽  
E. V. Golovanova ◽  
S. A. Alekseenko ◽  
A. O. Bueverov ◽  
E. Yu. Plotnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
External Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Adult Body

The human body, like any other, is an intermediate component of the nitrogen cycle in nature. Consuming nitrogen from the external environment in the form of various compounds, the body processes it into ammonia - one of the final products of exchange of nitrogen-containing substances [1], which is removed from the body in the form of urea. The most active ammonia producers are organs with high exchange of amino acids and biogenic amines - nerve tissue, liver, intestine, and muscles. In a state of nitrogen equilibrium, the adult body consumes and releases about 15 g of nitrogen per day, temporary or permanent disruption of nitrogen balance results in a great number of physiological conditions and diseases, and the need to stabilize it is well known. However, despite a huge number of studies on the role of nitrogen metabolism and its compounds in the clinic, to date we have not been able to find any conciliation document in the world literature on the classification of ammonia-ammonium levels in human blood and approaches to the correction of hyperammonemia, which was the basis for the emergence of this consensus.

Fine Structure of the Gills of Jaera Nordmanni (Rathke) [Crustacea, Isopoda]

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bubel ◽  
M. B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Transport System ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Osmotic Concentration ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Low Salinity

The isopod genus Jaera Leach (Crustacea) is a common component of the fauna in estuaries (Green, 1968; Jones & Naylor, 1971; Naylor, 1972; Jones, 1974). The members of this genus are able to survive low salinity (Jones, 1972a; Harvey, Jones & Naylor, 1973) by active control of the osmotic concentration of the body fluids above that of the external environment (Jones, 1972&; Forbes, 1974). While it has been well established that the crustacean gill is the site of the transport system involved in osmoregulation (Koch, 1954; Shaw, i960; Bielawski, 1964; Croghan, Curra & Lockwood, 1965; Quinn & Lane, 1966), there have been few studies on the fine structure of this organ (Copeland, 1968; Copeland & Fitzjarrell, 1968; Bielawski, 1971; Fisher, 1972; Talbot, Clark & Lawrence, 1972; Lockwood, Inman & Courtenay, 1973). The present paper describes the structure of the gills of Jaera nordmanni (Rathke) and relates the role of the various elements observed to the physiological functioning of the gill.

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