scholarly journals Evaluation of nutritional quality and mineral composition of fermented milk (nono) sold in Kano, north-western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
E.M. Omola ◽  
A.H. Kawo ◽  
A. Bukar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentation ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
North Western

Nono is produced traditionally by spontaneous fermentation in homes, especially in villages where the safety of the product is not considered and due to the increasing environmental pollution, toxic elements may find their way into the food chain which may create significant health concerns. This study therefore, was conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality and mineral composition of nono milk sold in Kano, North-Western Nigeria using standard procedures. The physical and nutritional characteristics including protein, carbohydrate, ash, moisture, fat and total solids were determined using the method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists while the elemental content was determined using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy analytic method. The mean protein content ranged from 2.90 to 7.0%, carbohydrate 4.60 - 8.20%, ash content 0.50 - 0.85%, moisture content 79.82 - 87.0%, fat content 2.90 - 4.66% and total solid 8.60 - 12.43%. The values of protein content and that of carbohydrate obtained in this study exceeded the FAO standard. The mean sodium content ranged from 2.22 - 3.28 mh/l, potassium (0.86 - 2.65mg/l), magnesium (3.95 0 6.30 mg/l), calcium (39.85 - 59.07 mg/l), iron (1.23 - 4.53 mg/l), copper (0.61 0 1.28mg/l), zinc (0.43 - 0.64 mg/l), cadmium (0.00 - 0.03 mg/l), chromium (0.78 - 1.58 mg/l), and lead (0.00 - 1.07 mg/l).. The value of lead observed in Dawakin tofa is significantly higher than other markets and this constitutes serious risk to public health. It is recommended that studies on preservation methods should be carried out as it affects nono production.

scholarly journals Impacts of Adding Rye, Sorghum and Their Mixtures on the Quality of Untraditional Egyptian Kishk

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-72
Author(s):  
Jehan B. Ali ◽  
T. T. El-Sisy ◽  
A. F. Abdel-Salam
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
Chemical Composition Analysis

Kishk is a dried mixture of fermented milk and cereal, widely consumed in Upper Egypt. The aim of this study was to study the effect of rye, sorghum with wheat grains compared with traditional wheat kishk (control) on physical properties, chemicals composition, microbiological and sensory analysis. Untraditional kishk was prepared with rye, sorghum and four groups of mixtures Mix1 (50% wheat and 50% rye), Mix 2 (50% wheat and 50% sorghum), Mix3 (50% rye and 50% sorghum) and Mix4 (mixed of wheat, rye and sorghum in ratio of 1:1:1) compared with traditional wheat kishk. The chemical composition analysis of different untraditional kishk was in the following ranges: moisture content of kishk samples ranged from 8.00 to 12.72% for M 2 and M 1, respectively. M 2 had the highest total solid of untraditional kishk samples value 84.66% while Mix 1 had the lowest value 76.18%. For protein content, wheat had the highest protein 27.11% followed by M 1 (26.02%), while sorghum (22.90%) had the lowest protein content. On other hand nitrogen free extracts (NFE) % range from 65.76% (rye) to 80.55% (wheat). Additionally Sorghum had lower fat (2.50%) than other samples and wheat was lower in ash content 6.64% in completely in other untraditional kishk. The results of fiber showed that rye had significant highest value of 8.12% while wheat had lowest value of 1.80%. M 3 was the lowest total caloric values 325.13% of kishk samples and tannic acid was under detection safe limit 0.185%. Data also indicated that as a result of pH of different prepared kishk samples. Microbiological analysis of kishk from wheat, rye, sorghum and their mixture were determined. M1 kishk is white and yellow colored than other untraditional kishk samples. Differences in sensory attributes were associated with different grain kishk and their mixed but there were no significant differences between wheat kishk control and M 1 in mouth feeling, and consistency. Sensorial, M1 kishk is more acceptability than other treatment after the traditional kishk control.

scholarly journals Assessing the evolution of wheat grain traits during the last 166 years using archived samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinda Ben Mariem ◽  
Angie L. Gámez ◽  
Luis Larraya ◽  
Teresa Fuertes-Mendizabal ◽  
Nuria Cañameras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Crop Physiology ◽  
Archived Samples ◽  
The World

AbstractThe current study focuses on yield and nutritional quality changes of wheat grain over the last 166 years. It is based on wheat grain quality analyses carried out on samples collected between 1850 and 2016. Samples were obtained from the Broadbalk Continuous Wheat Experiment (UK) and from herbaria from 16 different countries around the world. Our study showed that, together with an increase in carbohydrate content, an impoverishment of mineral composition and protein content occurred. The imbalance in carbohydrate/protein content was specially marked after the 1960’s, coinciding with strong increases in ambient [CO2] and temperature and the introduction of progressively shorter straw varieties. The implications of altered crop physiology are discussed.

Elemental content of mast cell granules measured by X-ray microanalysis of rat thymic tissue sections

1986 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Kendall ◽  
A. Warley
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Thymic Tissue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Individual

Mast cell granules were examined by fully quantitative X-ray microanalysis of 20 cells in freeze-dried cryosections. The mast cells were situated mainly in the connective tissue of the thymic capsule of five adult male Carworth Sprague Europe rats. In addition 30 red blood cells were analysed from the same sections. Nineteen of the mast cells had granules rich in S and K. One cell had smaller granules, and in this cell the granules contained high [Ca] and [P] instead of high [S] and [K]. In the majority of cells (13) the S:K ratio was highly correlated and less than 2.2, whereas in the remaining six cells the individual granule ratios were very variable in any one cell and much higher. The mean granule [K] (994 +/− 57 mmol kg-1 dry wt) was about four times the mean cytoplasmic level of 227 +/− 81 mmol kg-1 dry wt. The existence of this difference in concentration between the granules and the cytoplasm suggests that the K in the granules must be bound. The relationship between the [K] and [S] is discussed with regard to the possible binding of heparin and amines in the granules.

Composition of beagle dog milk

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Luick ◽  
Harold R. Parker ◽  
A. C. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Beagle Dog ◽  
The Mean

A statistical study has been made of the composition of the major C-containing compounds taken from beagle dog milk during the 3rd through 5th week of lactation. The mean values are as follows: 26% total solids, 13% fat, 3.3% lactose and 9.8% protein. Total solid content was found to vary with fat content according to the equation: % total solids = 15.6 + 0.85 % fat.

scholarly journals Some Elemental Content of Soil Within Catchment of River Jakara in Kano, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Dike N. I. ◽  
S. J. Oniye
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

The use of untreated urban wastes and domestic sewage contaminated water for the irrigation of agricultural soils is on the rise particularly in the developing countries and is a public health concern with regards to the consumption of vegetables and fruits produced in them which may indirectly accumulate heavy metals in their edible portions. Using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K (essential bulk elements), Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co and Fe (trace elements) were determined in 3 designated areas within the catchment area of River Jakara in Kano Nigeria. Samples were collected from two depths 0-15cm and 15-30cm to cover both dry and wet seasons. The mean concentrations of elements obtained ranged from 0.026 mg/g Cd to 46.83 mg/g Fe and occurred in the magnitude of Fe > Ca > K > Na > Pb >Zn > Co > Cu >Cr > Ni > Cd. The concentrations of the trace elements in the soils in the two depths exceeded the international recommended permissible limits establishing the pollution of the irrigation soils with the trace elements investigated. Based on the findings, it is recommended among others that the relevant organ of government should find an alternative farmland for the farmers within the catchment area of River Jakara where unpolluted waste sources can be utilized for the irrigation of vegetables.

scholarly journals Long-term annual fertilization with nitrogen and potassium affect yield and mineral composition of 'Fuji' apple

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Nava ◽  
Antonio Roque Dechen
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
The Mean ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
K Fertilization

Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are closely related to orchard productivity, since they are usually found in higher concentrations than others macronutrients in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh) fruits. This research was carried out to assess the effect of eight years of soil additions of N and K on yield, fruit size and mineral composition of 'Fuji'/Marubakaido apple in São Joaquim, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. A factorial design was used with N and K annual fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, 200 kg ha-1 of N and K2O) replicated in three orchards from 1998 to 2006. Yield was estimated by multiplying the total number of fruit per tree by the mean weight of 100 randomly sampled fruit. Fifteen days prior to harvest, 24 fruit pulps were analyzed for N, K, Ca and Mg contents. Increases in yields were noticed in five and four years, due to the N and K fertilizer additions, respectively. Fruit size was more affected by K than by N fertilization. Fruit mineral composition was affected by both N and K fertilization. N concentration and N:Ca ratios were enlarged by N fertilization. K concentration and K:Ca ratios were also enlarged by K fertilization. Ca fruit concentration was reduced by N fertilization and often by K. Ca-related fruit disorders were not observed even after 180 days storage. However, N and K fertilization affected Ca nutrition. Thus, when fertilizing with N and K, it is imperative to use combined practices in order to offset the detrimental effect that these nutrients may cause on Ca concentration in the fruit.

scholarly journals A three year review of twin deliveries in a specialist hospital in North-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 034-039
Author(s):  
A. Oyaromade ◽  
B. A Muhammad ◽  
A. Omigbodun
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽  
Level Hospital ◽  
North Western ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Although the frequency of twin pregnancies varies from one ethnic group to another, there has been a general trend toward an increase recently. Maternal and perinatal mortality are higher in twin than singleton pregnancies. Most studies on twinning had been done in university teaching hospitals where conditions are different from what is seen in secondary-care health institutions where this study was done Objectives: To determine the incidence, mode of delivery and maternal and perinatal outcomes of twin deliveries at a secondary-level hospital in North-Western Nigeria. Methodology: This was a descriptive study of 96 twin deliveries over a three-year period between May 2013 and April 2016 at a secondary-level hospital with access to specialist obstetricians and paediatricians. Result: There were 4,567 deliveries, with 101 twin deliveries, an incidence of 2.2% or 1 in 45 deliveries. The mean maternal age and parity were 26.4 years and 3.2 respectively. The mean gestational age at delivery was 35.9 weeks, with a mean birth weight of 2.18kg and 2.01kg for the first and second twins respectively. Male twins constituted 53.2% of twin births. The common presentations of the twins were cephalic–cephalic (64.6%), cephalic–breech (16.7%) and breech–breech (6.3%). Mode of deliveries were vertex vaginal (77.1%) and caesarean (14.6%). Breech presentation of the leading twin was the commonest indication for caesarean section (57.1%). Anaemia in pregnancy (16.7%) was the commonest maternal complication, while prematurity was the leading cause of perinatal mortality. Conclusion: Preterm delivery, malpresentation, operative delivery and maternal anaemia in pregnancy were commonly seen in association with twin pregnancy in this cohort of patients.

scholarly journals The nutritional quality of feedstuffs used in dairy goat nutrition in Vojvodina

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Snezana Paskas ◽  
Jelena Miocinovic ◽  
Branislav Vejnovic ◽  
Zsolt Becskei
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The study was to conduct to evaluate the chemical composition and nutritive values of feedstuffs (forages and concentrate mixtures) used for dairy goats nutrition in Vojvodina. Samples were collected from six farms, including one organic farm. The results showed that the relative feed values of analyzed forages were in the range of good, medium to lower quality. Average protein content from lowest to highest for investigated forages was: corn silage (Zea Mays) (65.37-82.57g kg??DM), alfalfa haylage (Medicago sativa L.) (159.99-184.17g kg??DM), pasture (185.30g kg?? DM), and alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) (167.48-203.60g kg??DM). The non-fibre carbohydrates and protein content most varied in organic hay samples (cv: 29.25% and 19.09%, respectively). Generally, feedstuffs used in organic nutrition, including organic concentrate, were of lower nutritional quality and moreover contained higher amounts of crude fibre and lignin. Especially, a high source of variation was observed in investigated concentrate mixtures for the crude protein content (p<0.0001), ranged from 135.32 to 209.87g kg??DM. Corn silages also varied substantially in their chemical composition and significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in regard to acid detergent fibre (ADF) and lignin content (ranged: ADF: 242.20-319.24g kg??DM; ADL: 27.98-52.54g kg??DM, respectively). Furthermore, pasture contained the most soluble materials during May and June and their content was related inversely to crude fibre amount. This survey highlights that investigated farms still pay insufficient attention to the quality of the feedstuff. For the development of intensive goat farming, greater emphasis should be placed on using higher quality feedstuffs, as well, standards for feed quality must be considered and established.

THE PROTEIN CONTENT OF CORRESPONDING GRADES OF WHEAT DRAWN FROM THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN PORTIONS OF WESTERN CANADA

1943 ◽  
Vol 21c (9) ◽  
pp. 276-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ansel Anderson ◽  
William J. Eva
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Northern Area ◽  
Southern Area ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Northern Zone ◽  
North Western

Data for 12 crops, 1927 to 1938, have been used to examine the protein contents of Grades 1, 2, and 3 Northern drawn from the northern and north-western area, and from the central and southern area, of Western Canada. The boundary between the areas was taken as that dividing zones averaging over and under 13% protein. Grades 1, 2, and 3 Northern from the southern area averaged 14.2, 14.0, and 14.0% protein; those from the northern area averaged 12.8, 12.0, and 11.6% protein; and the average difference between zones for all three grades was 2.0%. The reasons for the increase in the spread between zones with decreasing grade are discussed. For the 12 yr. period, the average protein content of shipments of Western Canadian wheat is estimated as 13.5%. If no wheat had been shipped from the northern zone the average protein level would have been increased by about 0.5 per cent.

scholarly journals Clostridium difficile Infection Epidemiology over a Period of 8 Years—A Single Centre Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Negrut ◽  
Delia Carmen Nistor-Cseppento ◽  
Shamim Ahmad Khan ◽  
Carmen Pantis ◽  
Teodor Andrei Maghiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Common Infectious Disease ◽  
Single Centre Study ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
North Western ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhoea

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common infectious disease related to antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and is a current leading cause of morbidity/mortality, with substantial consequences for healthcare services and overall public health. Thus, we performed a retrospective epidemiological study of CDI for a long period (8 years), in an infectious hospital located in north-western Romania, which serves an entire county of the country (617,827 inhabitants). From 2011 to 2018, 877 patients were diagnosed with CDI; the mean incidence of this disease was 2.76 cases/10,000 patient-days, with an increasing trend in the annual incidence until 2016, at which point there was a decrease. The most commonly afflicted were patients in the 75–84 age group, observed in winter and spring. The results show that the antibiotics were administered in 679 (77.42%) subjects, within the last 3 months before CDI, statistically significant more than proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs)—128 (14.60%) and antidepressant medications—60 (6.84%), which were administered during the same period (p < 0.001). No medication was reported in 10 (6.84%) cases of CDI, in the last 3 months of the study. The fatality rate attained 4.1%, tripling in 2018 vs. 2011. CDI became a significant public health conundrum that can, nevertheless, be combatted through a judicious use of antibiotics.

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