scholarly journals Antimicrobial and time-kill kinetics of the aqueous extract of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) seeds

Bio-Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1103-1110
Author(s):  
UF Babaiwa ◽  
SO Eraga ◽  
JO Akerele
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study evaluated the antimicrobial property of the aqueous extract of Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) seeds and its concentration-effect relationship (time-kill studies) on typed bacterial and fungal strains. Crude powdered seeds of Citrullus lanatus were extracted by maceration with water. Antimicrobial assay of the aqueous extracts was determined against Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8236), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and Candida albicans (ATCC 24433) using standard microbiological methods. A total of 106 CFU/mL of each test strain was used as a baseline to carry out the time-kill studies. Extract concentration at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 2MIC and 4MIC were used over a period of 24 hours. Aqueous extract had an intermediate antibacterial activity with inhibition zone diameters (IZD) of 15 - 18 mm and MIC range of 2.5 - 20 mg/mL. Time-kill studies showed a bacteriostatic, non-concentration dependent mode of antimicrobial activity with characteristic regrowth for all test strains. Citrullus lanatus seeds aqueous extract exhibited antimicrobial activity with a bacteriostatic, non-concentration dependent mode of action against test bacterial strains. Further studies aimed at isolating and purifying the antimicrobial principle in the aqueous extract of C. lanatus seed is warranted as this could serve as a potential new antibiotic for treating microbial infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Coriander sativum

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Samina Amin Qurban Ali ◽  
Arif Malik
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Natural Oils

The increasing rate of drug-repellent pathogens and poisonousness of existing antiseptic compounds has strained attention toward activity of antimicrobial products which are natural. Main purpose of this research was to assess antimicrobial activity of seeds and leaves of Coriandrum sativum’s essential oil, antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Coriandrum sativum’s ethanol extracts and essential oils. Numerous approaches were used in reviewing the antioxidant activity such as, p-anisidine test – malonaldhyde, DPPH and peroxide value. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts towards six microbial strains; two bacterial strains (Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus), one yeast (Candida tropicals) and three fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp and Emericella nidulans) was assessed by determination of inhibition zone and count of bacteria, yeast and spares of fungus. The antimicrobial mechanisms found in these essential oils have been explained on the basis of their content in natural compounds such as carvacrol, thymol, p-cymene and c-terpinene, among others. Although these two essential oils have received much attention, scientists working in the fields of biomedicine and food science are paying increasing attention to a wider variety of aromatic natural oils in an effort to identify original and natural applications for the inhibition of microbial pathogens. In conclusion, utilization of coriander or their components as food additives will increase the antioxidant and the antimicrobial potential of the food which prevent food deterioration and improve the shelf-life of food beside its nutritional value. The results revealed that the leaves extracts have high levels of phenolics than the seeds extract. Concerning antioxidant activity, significant decreases (p>0.001) were observed in peroxide, P- anisidine and TBA values as compared to control oil. On the other hand, scavenging activity % of the four extracts on DPPH radical were higher than that of butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) especially with high concentration (1000 μg/ ml). Regarding antimicrobial activity, the results showed that the extract of coriander seeds has the highest reduction percent in growth of all the examined microorganisms. The result also revealed that Mucor sp was resistant to the action of parsley extracts while Aspergillus flavus has the highest resistance against coriander extracts.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity and time kill kinetics of Nigerian Honeys on multi-resistant Enteric Bacilli

2018 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
P.A Akinduti ◽  
A Oluwadun ◽  
J.A.O Olugbuyiro ◽  
C.S Osuagwu ◽  
O Ejilude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Perbandingan Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol dari Tiga Spesies Ganoderma Asal Pulau Lombok

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-172
Author(s):  
Faturrahman Faturrahman ◽  
Sukiman Sukiman ◽  
Bambang Fajar Suryadi ◽  
Sarkono Sarkono ◽  
Ernin Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The use of antibiotics is one of the most important ways to deal with the spread and treatment of pathogenic microbial infections. The search for new antibiotic sources continues to be carried out to anticipate the emergence of microbial resistance. One of the natural resources that has the potential as an antimicrobial source is a member of the macrofungi of the Genus Ganoderma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial performance of the ethanol extracts of Ganoderma  lucidum, G. applanatum dan Ganorderma sp. against fungi (Candida albicans dan Cryptococcus neoformans),  gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus dan Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli dan Shigella sp.). Macrofungi samples were taken from the forest area of Nature Tourism Park (TWA) Gunung Tunak, TWA Kerandangan, TWA Suranadi, TWA Nuraksa Sesaot, TWA Lemor and Pusuk forest. The stages of the method performed are sample collection, sample preparation, extraction, and testing of antimicrobial activity using the well difusion method. The ethanol extract concentrations for testing were 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. The results showed that the three Ganoderma species had anti-fungal and antibacterial activity and that different levels of concentration had an effect on inhibition. The size of the inhibition zone is directly proportional to the higher the extract concentration. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of G. lucidum was higher when compared to G. applanatum and Ganoderma sp. both against fungi (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans) as well as against gram-positive and gram-negative test bacteria. In addition, G. applanatum showed very weak inhibition against both groups of tested bacteria.  Key words: candidiasis; cryptococcosis; comorbid infections; macerations; pathogens

scholarly journals Phytochemical Constituency Profiling and Antimicrobial Activity Screening of Seaweeds Extracts Collected from the Bay of Bengal Sea Coasts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Md. Abdus Shukur Imran ◽  
Farhana Rumzum Bhuiyan ◽  
Sheikh Rashel Ahmed ◽  
Parsha Shanzana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Enteromorpha Intestinalis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hypnea Musciformis ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Seaweed Extracts

AbstractSeaweeds are able to produce a great variety of secondary metabolites that are characterized by a broad spectrum of biological activities. Two seaweeds species, namelyHypnea musciformisandEnteromorpha intestinalis werestudied to evaluate the phytochemical constituency and antimicrobial activities. First of all, crude extracts of both sea weeds were prepared by two different extraction methods (soaking and water bath) using different solvents. Phytochemicals profiling results revealed the presence of bioactive compounds (flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin, saponin and phenols) in both seaweed extracts. Quantification results for ethanolic extracts ofH. musciformis and E. intestinalisestimated 51 mg and 43 mg tannins in per gram of dried samples and flavonoids contents were found 67 mg and 57 mg/g mg QE/g respectively. Total phenolic contents were determined in terms of gallic acid equivalent (GAE).H. musciformisexhibited higher amount of phenolics (59 ± 0.0002 mg GAE/g) thanE. intestinalisextracts (41 ± 0.0002 mg GAE/g). In antimicrobial activity test, ethanol extractsof H. musciformisandE. intestinaliswere found 10 mm of inhibition diameter against all of the bacterial strains. Besides, methanol extracts ofE. intestinaliswere more susceptible toStaphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonaswhich was close to the inhibition diameter (>15 mm) of the mainstream antibiotic; Gentamicin. Moreover,Klebsiella sp. was found more susceptible to ethanol and methanol extracts of Hypnea musciformisas it showed inhibition zone greater than 15 mm. Both Seaweed extracts possessed higher amount of phytochemicals and showed promising antimicrobial activities when compared with the standards.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial, Antiviral and Cytotoxicity Activities of Aspergillus oryzae Isolated From El-Baida Marsh in Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
Nacef Houda Sara ◽  
Belhattab Rachid ◽  
Galvez Julio ◽  
Rodriguez-Sojo María Jesus ◽  
Vezza Teresa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activity

This work covers the study of antimicrobial and antiviral activities of the Aspergillus oryzae strain isolated from saline soil (El-Baida marsh in Algeria). The crude extract obtained with ethyl acetate displayed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans with a mean of 16.69 mm of inhibition zone and a minimal inhibitory concentrations MICs between 7.28 and 21.85 μgmL-1. We also assessed the antiviral activity against Herpes simplex-2 Virus (HSV-2), in which no inhibitory effect was exhibited. In addition, cytotoxicity activity was tested in Caco-2 and RAW 264, a human epithelial and a murine macrophage cell line, respectively, revealing a no-toxic effect of the extract. The studied isolate extract possesses an antimicrobial property and its non-toxicity to the host cells becomes very important, and can be exploited for the production of new pharmacological and biotechnological agents.        Keywords: Aspergillus oryzae, antimicrobial activity, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity, fungal extraction.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Biofilm Disrupters Against Candida auris and Other Candida species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia A Cox ◽  
Jose A Vazquez ◽  
Sushama Wakade ◽  
Marek Bogacz ◽  
Matthew Myntti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Novel Agents ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACTBackgroundC. auris has become a globally emerging fungal pathogen, frequently reported to be multi-drug resistant, commonly found with Staphylococcus aureus in polymicrobial nosocomial infections. Although chlorhexidine (CHD) has been shown to be effective, it is associated with serious anaphylaxis reactions. Biofilm disrupters (BDs) are novel agents with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. BDs have been used in the management of chronic wounds and to sterilize environmental surfaces. The goal of this study was to evaluate BDs against polymicrobial biofilms compared to CHD.MethodologyWe evaluated various BDs (BlastX, Torrent, NSSD) and CHD against Candida spp and S. aureus polymicrobial biofilms by zone of inhibition, biofilm, and time-kill assays. Effectiveness was based on the inhibition zone and the reduction of CFU, respectively, compared to the drug-free control.ResultsAll BDs and CHD inhibited C. auris growth effectively in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, CHD and the BDs all showed excellent antimicrobial activity against polymicrobial biofilms. BDs were all highly effective against both C. auris isolates, whereas CHD was only moderately effective against C. auris 0386, suggesting resistance/tolerance. A comparative analysis of the BDs and CHD against C. auris and C. albicans by biofilm kill-curves showed at least 99.999% killing.ConclusionsAll three BDs and CHD have excellent activity against different Candida species, including C. auris. However, certain isolates of C. auris showed resistance/tolerance to CHD, but not to the BDs. The fungicidal activity of these novel agents will be valuable in eradicating surface colonization of Candida spp, including C. auris.

scholarly journals The effect of cold aqueous extract of lemon peel against types of bacteria isolated from the cooling devices Filters

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Ashraf S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Citrus Peel ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lemon Peel ◽  
Bacillus Spp

The antibacterial effect of citrus peel lemon against the bacterial strains obtained from the filters of air conditioners have been selected based on the presence most in these filters such as Streptococcus, Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas, E coli. agar well diffusion method used to evaluate antibacterial activity of citrus peels water extract. through the results became clear to us that the cold aqueous extract of lemon peel showed a significant effect on the growth of bacterial species through the diameters of inhibition zone that appeared in all concentrations of the extract (125, 250, 500, 1000) mg/ml. Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus spp were the most affected Where the diameters of inhibition zone (18, 15, 12, 0, 0) mm respectively, while The Gram-negative bacteria E coli least affected. The results obtained in this study indicate that citrus lemon peel can be used in the treatment of diseases caused by organisms for the purposes of the pharmaceutical.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities and Time-Kill Kinetics of Extracts of Selected Ghanaian Mushrooms

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Appiah ◽  
Yaw Duah Boakye ◽  
Christian Agyare
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Kinetics Of

The rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide problem. This has necessitated the need to search for new antimicrobial agents. Mushrooms are rich sources of potential antimicrobial agents. This study investigated the antimicrobial properties of methanol extracts of Trametes gibbosa, Trametes elegans, Schizophyllum commune, and Volvariella volvacea. Agar well diffusion, broth microdilution, and time-kill kinetic assays were used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts against selected test organisms. Preliminary mycochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, anthraquinones, and alkaloids in the extracts. Methanol extracts of T. gibbosa, T. elegans, S. commune, and V. volvacea showed mean zone of growth inhibition of 10.00±0.0 to 21.50±0.84, 10.00±0.0 to 22.00±1.10, 9.00±0.63 to 21.83±1.17, and 12.00±0.0 to 21.17±1.00 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol extracts of T. gibbosa, T. elegans, S. commune, and V. volvacea ranged from 4.0 to 20, 6.0 to 30.0, 8.0 to 10.0, and 6.0 to 20.0 mg/mL, respectively. Time-kill kinetics studies showed that the extracts possess bacteriostatic action. Methanol extracts of T. gibbosa, T. elegans, S. commune, and V. volvacea exhibited antimicrobial activity and may contain bioactive compounds which may serve as potential antibacterial and antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Triphala Constituents and Nanoformulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ziad Omran ◽  
Ammar Bader ◽  
Amalia Porta ◽  
Thierry Vandamme ◽  
Nicolas Anton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion

The prevalence of nosocomial infections due to multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Folk medicine and ethnopharmacological data can provide a broad range of plants with promising antimicrobial activity. Triphala, an Ayurvedic formula composed of three different plants: Terminalia chebula Retz., Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (Combretaceae), and Phyllanthus emblica L. (Phyllanthaceae), is used widely for various microbial infections. Various extraction techniques were applied in the extraction of the biologically active constituents of Triphala in order to compare their efficiency. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was shown to be the most efficient method based on yield, extraction time, and selectivity. The Triphala hydroalcoholic extract (TAE) has been chemically characterized with spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. Triphala hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated alone or with carvacrol. Different drug formulations including cream and nanoemulsion hydrogel were prepared to assess the antimicrobial activity against selected microorganism strains including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. We used a lipophilic oil of carvacrol (5 mg/mL) and a hydrophilic TAE (5 mg/mL) ingredient in a dosage form. Two solutions were created: hydrogel containing nanoemulsion as a lipophilic vector dispersed in the gel as a hydrophilic vehicle and a cream formulation, an oil-in-water emulsion. In both cases, the concentration was 250 mg of active ingredient in 50 mL of final formulation. The formulas developed were stable from a physical and chemical perspective. In the nanoemulsion hydrogel, the oil droplet size ranged from 124 to 129 nm, with low polydispersity index (PdI) 0.132 ± 0.013 and negative zeta potential −46.4 ± 4.3 mV. For the cream, the consistency factor (cetyl alcohol and white wax) induced immobilization of the matrix structure and the stability. Triphala hydroalcoholic extract in drug nanoformulation illustrated might be an adjuvant antimicrobial agent for treating various microbial infections.

In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial activity of Methanolic and Aqueous extract of Mucuna pruriens seed

2021 ◽  
pp. 4212-4214
Author(s):  
Amita Shobha Rao ◽  
Shobha K L ◽  
Preethi Lavina Concessao ◽  
Gowrish Rao S ◽  
Sreedhara R Pai K
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Clinical Strains

The present investigation was to find out efficacy of Mucuna pruriens (M. pruriens) seeds. The antimicrobial activity of methanol and aqueous extract of M. pruriens seeds was determined by well diffusion method with ATCC strains of gram positive and gram negative bacteria clinical strains of multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae, and clinical strains of Candida albicans. It was observed that both the aqueous and the methanol extract of M. pruriens seeds had antibacterial activity against all the ATCC bacterial strains. The MDR strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant to both aqueous and methanol extract of M. pruriens seed. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans was exhibited by both aqueous and methanol extracts of M. pruriens seed.

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