scholarly journals Effects of Plastic Pollution of Soil on the Growth and Survival of Bacteria and Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1187-1190
Author(s):  
U. Udochukwu ◽  
S.E. Emmanuel ◽  
E.O. Ehinmitan ◽  
R.S. Bodunde ◽  
J.O. Isheke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
Test Soil ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The study examined the effect of plastic waste on soil bacteria and fungi. The test soil samples were collected from Lokoja international market waste dump site and the control soil sample was collected from non plastic contaminated garden in Salem University, Lokoja. The samples were analysed using Gas chromatography with mass spectrometer. The test soil sample soil sample had high quantity of plastic contaminant which were Methylene chloride 17.45mg/kg, hexane 10.05mg/kg, chloroform 1.56mg/kg, toluene 5.87mg/kg, tetrachloroethylene 1.48mg/kg as compared to the control garden soil sample, which had methylene chloride 0.54mg/kg, hexane 0.26mg/kg, chloroform 0.31mg/kg, toluene 5.87mg/kg and tetrachloroethylene 0.01mg/kg. The result showed the presence of plastic in the soil and it effect on bacteria and fungi. The totals of 11 bacteria were isolated from both soil samples using nutrient agar. The bacteria isolated are; Corynebacterium spp. (12%), Enterobacter spp. (8%), Acinetobacter spp. (6%), Escherichia coli (16%), Epidermis, Bacillus subtilis (15%), Serratia sp. (8%), Proteus spp. (4%), Micrococcus luteus (7%), Flavobacterium spp. (10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%). Micrococcus luteus, Flavobacterium spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginose were not isolated in plastic composted soil sample due to the presence of plasticizers. The total of 6 fungi were isolated, namely Penicilliun expansion (12%), Sacchromyces sp. (24%), Aspergillus niger (19%), Fusarium spp. (20%), Rhizopus stolonifer (10%) and Mucor piriformis (15%). This study reveals the effect of plastic waste, as it inhibits the growth of microorganism that is important for soil activities, thereby reducing the soil nutrients, fertility and productivity.

Study on the Selecting Principle of Test Soil Samples in Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis of Stratified Site

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 984-993
Author(s):  
Xue Liang Chen ◽  
Meng Tan Gao ◽  
Tie Fei Li ◽  
Zhao Lun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Seismic Response ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Calculation Error ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Nonlinear Seismic Response ◽  
Test Soil

Soil dynamic nonlinear experimental results have significant impacts on the seismic response of engineering site, but how reasonable and effective to select soil samples for soil test, there is no good solution. Using detailed drilling velocity, density data, and rich soil test data of Shanxi Linfen Iron and Steel Hospital engineering site, four models are established and are analyzed for this problem. The results showed that: less than 3 meters of soil layer, each layer select one soil sample, for the thick soil layer, the rules of selecting one soil sample about every 3m thickness for the soil test, are recommended. If selecting one soil sample about every 5m~6m thickness for the thick soil layer, the calculation error is about ±10%.

Comparative study of antimicrobial efficiency of biosurfactant producing Pseudomonas spp. from different soil samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mahulkar Ankita Vidyadhar Vaijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficiency ◽  
Test Drop

Amphiphilic biosurfactants are surface-active biological molecules secreted by hydrocarbanoclastic microorganisms. Biosurfactants are eco-friendly, less toxic, biodegradable, and low-cost material, so it has more advantages over chemical surfactants. In this research, Pseudomonas spp., biosurfactant producing microorganisms isolated from different sources of soil samples. IS1, IS2, IS3, IS4 isolates obtained from Garden soil sample; Metal contaminated soil sample; Petroleum contaminated soil sample; Oil contaminated soil sample; respectively. Each isolates identified as Pseudomonas spp. Furthermore, screened for biosurfactant producers. Each isolate showed positive results for the hemolysis test, drop collapse test, oil displacement test, and emulsification test. All isolate incubated in mineral salt medium for biosurfactant production. Biosurfactant extracted from IS1, IS2, IS3, IS4 showed 35%, 65%, 20%, 52% emulsification index respectively. Antimicrobial activity of extracted biosurfactants against pathogenic microorganisms checked by agar cup method. IS2 isolate shows the highest antimicrobial activity among all. All isolate showed a higher zone of inhibition against gram-positive microorganisms than gram-negative microbes. The purpose of this study involves the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of biosurfactant producers from the soil environment.

scholarly journals Development of XU Plastic Shredder for Cost Effective Means of Minimizing Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic Waste Volume

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2821-2825
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
The Cost

This study deals with the development of a polyethylene terephthalate or PET plastic shredder for Xavier University in order to reduce the transportation cost of used plastic bottles to the designated dump site some 9 kilometers uphill. The development of this 2 horsepower plastic shredder is also useful for the reduction of the volume of plastic materials in the Material Recovery Facility of the municipality of Alubijid, Misamis Oriental. Xavier University has a collection of used plastic bottles of around 365 kg per month with an aggregate volume of 17.42 m3 and until the next garbage collection services arrive, the amount of plastic waste will occupy a considerable volume or space. This study focuses on the development and testing of the capacity of the developed plastic shredder. This study is inspired by the project of Mr. Dave Hakkens, called Precious Plastic, that aims to fight plastic pollution by developing machines that aid in recycling all sorts of plastic materials. The objective of this study is to analyze the cost of developing these machines in the Xavier University setting, their cost of operation, and effectiveness through minimizing the volume of plastic bottle. In this study, only polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic are being used. By consultation of local manufacturing firms in developing the machines through their specialized equipment, the authors have found that cost of development is high. However, a compromise between quality and precision has been decided to reduce the overall cost of the development of the machine. The authors were able to develop the proposed machines through the application of skills in machine workshop practices in the mechanical engineering laboratory. The XU plastic shredder has an average plastic volume reduction of 82.41%. With this volume reduction, the number of trips for the garbage truck collector is also reduced by 82.41% thereby saving delivery cost and manpower requirements. The cost of power consumption of the XU Plastic Shredder is only PhP36.52 per hour.

KEBERADAAN BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT DAN AKTIVITAS ENZIM FOSFATASE TANAH DAERAH PERAKARAN TANAMAN OBAT DARI KEBUN RAYA CIBODAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suliasih Suliasih
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Serratia Rubidaea

A study was undertaken to investigate to occurance of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soil samples of medicine plants in Cibodas Botanical Garden. 13 soil samples of medicine plants are collected randomly The result shows that 71 isolates of phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated, and 10 species of these organism was identified as Azotobacter sp, Bacillus sp, Chromobacterium sp, C.violaceum, Citrobacter sp. , Enterobacter sp., E. liquefaciens. Nitrosomonas sp., Serratia rubidaea, Sphaerotillus natans. Azotobacter sp. And Bacillus sp. Are found in all of soil tested. Conversely, Serratia rubidaea is only in the sample from rhizosphere of Plantago mayor The activity of acid alkaline phosphatase in soil tested ranged from 0.78 – 60,18 ugp nitrophenole/g/h, with the higest values being recorded in soil sample from rhizosphere of “Lavender”.Keywords : phosphate solubilizing bacteria, soil enzyme phosphatase

Evaluation of Nanotechniques and Conventional Techniques for the Removal of Dioxins

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Vaishali V. Shahare ◽  
Rajni Grover ◽  
Suman Meena
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dioxins And Furans ◽  
Palladized Iron ◽  
The Impact

Background: The persistent dioxins/furans has caused a worldwide concern as they influence the human health. Recent research indicates that nonmaterial may prove effective in the degradation of Dioxins/furans. The nanomaterials are very reactive owing to their large surface area to volume ratio and large number of reactive sites. However, nanotechnology applications face both the challenges and the opportunities to influence the area of environmental protection. Objective: i) To study the impact of oil mediated UV-irradiations on the removal of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDF, OCDD and OCDF in simulated soil samples. ii) To compare the conventional treatment methods with the modern available nanotechniques for the removal of selected Dioxins/furans from soil samples. Methods: The present work has investigated an opportunity of the degradation of tetra and octachlorinated dioxins and furans by using oil mediated UV radiations with subsequent extraction of respective dioxins/furans from soils. The results have been compared with the available nanotechniques. Results: The dioxin congeners in the simulated soil sample showed decrease in concentration with the increase in the exposure time and intensity of UV radiations. The dechlorination of PCDD/Fs using palladized iron has been found to be effective. Conclusion: Both the conventional methods and nanotechnology have a dramatic impact on the removal of Dioxins/furans in contaminated soil. However, the nanotechniques are comparatively costlier and despite the relatively high rates of PCDDs dechlorination by Pd/nFe, small fraction of the dioxins are recalcitrant to degradation over considerable exposure times.

Assessment of Irrigation Quality of Disposal Water of Ashuganj-Polash Agro-Irrigation Project, Brahmanbaria Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDUR RAZZAK ◽  
PARSA SANJANA ◽  
BELAL HOSSAIN ◽  
DEBJIT ROY ◽  
BIDHAN CHANDRA NATH
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Initial Soil

The study was conducted at Ashuganj-Polash agro-irrigation project (APAIP), Brahmanbaria,aim to determine the chemical properties of power plant disposal water and to assess its suitability for irrigation. Initial soil samples (before irrigating crop field) and final soil samples (after crop harvesting) were collected. During irrigation ten water samples (six from crop field and four from irrigation canals) were collected for analysis. All soil samples were analyzed in Humboldt soil testing laboratory and water samples in bio-chemistry laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University and compared to FAO irrigation standard. Results show thatthe sodium absorption ratio (SAR) (0.53 to 0.88), residual sodium bi-carbonate (0.8 to 1.3meq L-1), Kelly’s ratio (0.31 to 0.6) and total hardness (85 to 150) found in normal range and largely suitable for irrigation. Soluble sodium percentage values found in satisfactory (20.26 to 41.1) level and magnesium absorption (57.1 to 76.4) found unsuitable for irrigation. Statistically similar value of pH, EC, total nitrogen, organic carbon, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in initial and final soil sample were observed. But potassium and sulfur value reduced in final soil sample from initial soil. The water samples fall within the permissible limit and found suitable for crop production

scholarly journals Beverage bottle capacity, packaging efficiency, and the potential for plastic waste reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Becerril-Arreola ◽  
R. E. Bucklin
Keyword(s):  
Product Category ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Pet Waste ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Packaging Efficiency ◽  
The U.S

AbstractPlastic pollution is a pressing issue because authorities struggle to contain and process the enormous amount of waste produced. We study the potential for reducing plastic waste by examining the efficiency with which different polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles deliver beverages. We find that 80% of the variation in bottle weight is explained by bottle capacity, 16% by product category, and 1% by brand. Bottle weight is quadratic and convex function of capacity, which implies that medium capacity bottles are most efficient at delivering consumable product. Local data on PET bottle sales and municipal waste recovery validate the findings. A 20% shift in consumption from smaller to larger bottles could reduce the production of PET waste by over 10,000 t annually in the U.S. alone.

scholarly journals Assessment of sustainable vermiconversion of water hyacinth by Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
N. Kannadasan ◽  
Nirmala Natarajan ◽  
N. Anbusaravanan ◽  
P. Sekar ◽  
R. Krishnamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Eichornia Crassipes

The present work has assessed sustainable vermiconversion of aquatic weed water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes). The garden soil, water hyacinth and cow dung were taken in the following the combinations of 1: 2 : 1, 2: 1: 1 and 1 : 1: 2. Two species of earthworms Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida was used for the experiment. The total nitrogen (0.18% in control and 1.68% in earthworm treated) and phosphate (0.63 % in control and 1.64 % in earthworm treated) levels were increased and toxic heavy metals zinc (7.66 ppm in control and 2.58 ppm in earthworm treated) and copper (6.68 ppm in control and 1.15 ppm in earthworm treated) were significantly decreased. The earthworm enriches the compost with various nutrients for plant and microbial growth. Plant growth studies were conducted in all the combination of water hyacinth, maximum growth of root length (8.9cm and 7.2 in control) and shoot length (21.6cm and 16.2 in control) observed compare to control. Gut microbial analysis revealed that Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus were predominantly present in the earthworm. The study recommended that the aquatic weed compost was suitable of agricultural usage.

scholarly journals How important risk analysis of plastic pollution in coastal area? Case study in Masohi, Central Maluku

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Bachtiar W Mutaqin ◽  
Muh Aris Marfai ◽  
Muhammad Helmi ◽  
Nurhadi Nurhadi ◽  
Muhammad Rizali Umarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Human pressure on the coastal and aquatic surrounding ecosystem in Indonesia, through plastic waste, is increasing, considering that 60 % of the approximately 250 million people live in the coastal areas. Plastic waste originating from human activities has become a massive problem in almost all the small island and coastal regions, especially in the eastern part of Indonesia. This condition is caused by poor waste management and a lack of public awareness in disposing of waste in its place, including in an area known as its marine biodiversities and marine tourism spots like Masohi in Central Maluku. Also, the composition of waste is dominated by plastic waste that cannot be decomposed in a short period, continue circulated on the ocean currents, and will be deposited in coastal areas. Furthermore, some plastic waste will break down into micro-plastics that pollute not only the environment but also marine biota, which are often consumed by humans. This situation profoundly affects the sustainability and function of aquaecosystem services in coastal areas. Therefore, a comprehensive policy and regulation, and interdisciplinary study for analysing vulnerable coastal ecosystem, and mitigating the potential risk of plastic pollution in Masohi, Central Maluku are essential to be conducted.

scholarly journals Pendidikan Lingkungan: Plastic Pollution Awareness di Desa Jatireja, Cikarang, Jawa Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filson M Sidjabat ◽  
Yunita Ismail ◽  
Evi Rismauli
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
West Java ◽  
Education Community ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Empowerment

Waste problems in Indonesia has reached a critical point that is contaminating many aspects in community. Poor waste management in land have an impact in water pollutions, rivers, and toward the ocean. This rivers and oceans pollution are become the spotlights for the world and the government. As a part of education community in West Java, President University has an important role to educati and find solutions relate with this issues, one of them is to implement Thidharma in the form of social empowerment in Jatireja Village. This environmental education activities was sharing knowledge about plastic waste treatment and management that can be conducted in household scale, and to encourage behavioral change and awareness among communities. Creative product of eco-brick was also implemented tas a part of waste utilization to make valueable product. Environmental education are needed to improve community awareness on plastic waste in Indonesia, especially in West Java.

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