scholarly journals Statistical assessment of feeding corn with higher oil content to piglets in the starter phase

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-468
Author(s):  
M.A.A. Silva ◽  
P.L.O. Carvalho ◽  
D. Paiano ◽  
M.A. Silva ◽  
J.L. Genova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Covariate Model ◽  
Treatment Experiment ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
The Common ◽  
Period Model ◽  
Corn Grain

The aim of this study was to assess the digestibility coefficients (DC) of corn [maize] with an oil content above 3.46% and its effects on the performance of piglets when fed as dry grain (DG) and as rehydrated corn grain silage (RCGS). In Experiment I, 15 piglets (22.51 + 2.39 kg) were allocated to a reference diet (RD) and to two test diets in which corn in the RD was replaced with DG or RCGS. There were five replications of each treatment. Experiment II involved 36 piglets (14.76 ± 2.72 kg), which were assigned to a control diet with common corn grain and to diets in which DG or RCGS replaced the common corn. There were six replications of each treatment. Data were analysed with four statistical models. Model 1 included only the effect of treatment. Model 2 was similar to Model 1 but included initial bodyweight as a covariate. Model 3 was similar to model 1 but included the interaction of diet and period. Model 4 was similar to Model 3 but included the covariate. The more complicated models were generally preferred to Model 1 as they controlled more of the nuisance variation. Feeding a diet that contained RCGS reduced feed intake and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR).

scholarly journals Cassava bagasse and annatto colorific (Bixa orellana L.) in diets for slow-growing broilers from 30 to 90 days of age

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Iberê Pereira Parente ◽  
Luiz Fernando Teixeira Albino ◽  
Kênia Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Roberta Gomes Marçal Vieira Vaz ◽  
Luciano Fernandes Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cassava Bagasse ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Slow Growing

SUMMARY The performance and breast skin color of slow-growing broilers from 30 to 90 days old fed diets with different inclusions of cassava bagasse and annatto colorific were evaluated. 308 slow-growing broilers were used in a completely randomized experimental design, in a factorial scheme with an additional treatment 3 X 2 + 1, with three levels of annatto colorific as a pigmentant agent (1%, 2% and 3%), two levels of cassava bagasse (10% and 20%) and an additional treatment (control diet), totaling seven treatments, four replicates and 11 broilers per experimental unit. Feed intake and feed conversion were affected by treatments, with interaction. The weight gain and final weight were influenced by the treatments and the best results were found for the inclusion of 10% cassava bagasse and 2% annatto colorific. There was no effect of treatment and no interaction on carcass yield. The color parameters L*, a* and b* were not influenced by treatments. The inclusion of 10% cassava bagasse and 1% annatto colorific for slow-growing broilers from 30 to 90 days of age is recommended. However, the use of these ingredients proved to be economically unfeasible.

scholarly journals Productive performance and meat quality of commercial Cobb chicken fed diets containing different levels of prickly pear fruits (Opuntia ficus indica) peel

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif E. A. Badr ◽  
Mohamed Saleh Abdel Fattah ◽  
Ahmed Salah Elsaid
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Yellow Corn ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to determine the impacts arising from the substitution of prickly pear fruits (Opuntia ficus indica) peels at different levels (0, 5, 10, and 15%) with yellow corn grain in broiler diets and meat quality. In this study, 200 male chick of commercial Cobb breed were used to study the effect of partially replacing of yellow corn grain (YC) with prickly pear fruits peel powder (PPP). Chicks were divided into four treatments (50 birds each), each treatment contained 5 replicates of 10 birds each. The experimental treatments were the following: 1—control diet (R1). 2—diet containing 5% pp (R2). 3—diet containing 10% pp (R3), and 4—diet containing 15% pp (R4). Feeding trails extending to 6 weeks. Results Obtained results illustrated that feed intake, live body weight, feed conversion ratio of broiler fed diet containing PPP were better (P < 0.05) than that of control. Broilers fed diet containing 5, 10, and 15% PPP were heavier (P < 0.05) by 1.60, 3.68, and 5.78%, respectively, over those fed the control diet. Inoculation of diets containing PPP achieved high (P < 0.05) carcasses weight and dressing% compared with control. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were detected for serum total protein, and total globulin of blood serum broiler as feeding inclusion levels of tested diets. Broiler fed diets contained 15% achieved higher degrees of taste, color, odor (aroma), texture, and overall acceptability. Highest (P < 0.05) biological value, true-digestibility and net protein utilization of broiler meat-fed PPP than other groups of control which was expected, as casein is a protein source with optimal digestibility. Conclusions It could be concluded that feeding commercial Cobb chicken on diets containing 15% prickly pear peel (Opuntia ficus indica) peel substituted with yellow corn grain, resulted in superior nutrition status and better daily gain, feed conversion ratio, economical efficiency, and better meat quality, as compared with other groups could be recommended.

scholarly journals PSIV-16 Effects of a functional protein on growth performance of nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Henrique S Cemin ◽  
Luke A Swalla ◽  
Jamie L Pietig ◽  
Sharlie A Hansen ◽  
Ernie L Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Whey Permeate ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Treatment Experiment ◽  
The Common ◽  
D 23

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a functional protein (FXP; Ani-Tek Group, LLC, Shelbina, MO) on growth performance of nursery pigs. A total of 840 pigs (PIC 337 × Camborough), initially 5.5 kg, were used with 28 pigs per pen and a total of 15 replicates per treatment. There were two treatments, which consisted of a control diet and the control diet with added FXP. The experimental diets were corn, soybean meal, and whey permeate-based and contained 3,000 mg/kg added Zn. The inclusion of FXP was 0.3% of the diet. Experimental diets were fed for 23 d, followed by a common corn and soybean meal-based diet from d 23 to 48. Pigs were weighed and feed disappearance measured to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F. There was no evidence (P &gt; 0.10) for treatment × experiment interactions, thus data was combined for statistical analysis using the MIXED procedure of SAS. From d 0 to 23, pigs fed diets containing FXP had higher (P &lt; 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and BW and a tendency (P = 0.053) for improved G:F. During the common period (d 23 to 48), pigs previously fed FXP had a tendency (P &lt; 0.10) for higher ADG and ADFI. Overall (d 0 to 48), pigs that received FXP had higher (P &lt; 0.05) ADG, ADFI, BW, and a tendency (P = 0.055) for improved G:F. In conclusion, the inclusion of the functional protein improved growth performance of nursery pigs.

Effect of dietary probiotic, antibiotic or combination on broiler performance, cecum microbial population and ileal development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbaz ◽  
Said El-sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Dietary Hedyotis diffusa Is Associated with Activation of NRF2/ARE Signaling in Chicks

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Ling Zhao ◽  
Jiang Deng ◽  
Zi-Jian Xu ◽  
Wan-Po Zhang ◽  
Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Hedyotis Diffusa

The objective of this study was to explore the mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa (HD) in mediating the detoxification of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatic injury in chicks. A total of 144 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 6 cages/diet, 6 chicks/cage). After three days of acclimation, the broilers were fed either a control diet (Control), Control plus 0.5 mg/kg of AFB1, or Control plus 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 with 500 or 1000 mg/kg HD for two weeks. Both serum and liver were collected at the end of the feeding trial for biochemistry, histology, and NF-E2-related nuclear factor 2 (NRF2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling analysis. Compared with Control, the AFB1 treatment caused liver injury and decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and serum albumin and total protein by 6.2–20.7%. AFB1 also induced swelling, necrosis, and severe vacuolar degeneration in chicks’ livers. Notably, HD supplementation at 500 and 1000 mg/kg mitigated (p < 0.05) the alterations induced by AFB1. HD supplementation alleviated (p < 0.05) AFB1-induced impairment in hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity, protein carbonyl, and exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO)–DNA concentrations by 57.7–100% and increased (p < 0.05) the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase by 23.1–40.9% more than those of AFB1 treatment alone. Furthermore, HD supplementation at the two doses upregulated (p < 0.05) NRF2, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1, heme oxygenase-1, glutathione cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and glutathione-S transferase A2 and A3 in livers relative to the AFB1 group by 0.99–3.4-fold. Overall, dietary supplementation of HD at a high dose displayed better protection effects against aflatoxicosis. In conclusion, a dietary HD supplementation at 500 and 1000 mg/kg protected broilers from AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity, potentially due to the activation of NRF2/ARE signaling in the chicks.

scholarly journals Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341
Author(s):  
Sarayu Bhogoju ◽  
Collins N. Khwatenge ◽  
Thyneice Taylor-Bowden ◽  
Gabriel Akerele ◽  
Boniface M. Kimathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Dietary Treatments

There are well documented complications associated with the continuous use of antibiotics in the poultry industry. Over the past few decades, probiotics have emerged as viable alternatives to antibiotics; however, most of these candidate probiotic microorganisms have not been fully evaluated for their effectiveness as potential probiotics for poultry. Recent evaluation of a metagenome of broiler chickens in our laboratory revealed a prevalence of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and Actinobacteria class of bacteria in their gastrointestinal tract. In this study Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor (S. coelicolor) were selected as probiotic bacteria, encapsulated, and added into broiler feed at a concentration of 100 mg/kg of feed. In an 8-week study, 240 one day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments. Three dietary treatments contained two probiotic bacteria in three different proportions (L. reuteri and S. coelicolor individually at 100 ppm, and mixture of L. reuteri and S. coelicolor at 50 ppm each). The fourth treatment had no probiotic bacteria and it functioned as the control diet. L. reuteri and S. coelicolor were added to the feed by using wheat middlings as a carrier at a concentration of 100 ppm (100 mg/kg). Chickens fed diets containing L. reuteri and S. coelicolor mixture showed 2% improvement in body weight gain, 7% decrease in feed consumption, and 6–7% decrease in feed conversion ratios. This research suggests that L. reuteri and S. coelicolor have the potential to constitute probiotics in chickens combined or separately, depending on the desired selection of performance index.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary copper sources on performance, gastric ghrelin-RNA expression, and growth hormone concentrations in serum in piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4242-4247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gonzalez-Esquerra ◽  
Raquel B Araujo ◽  
Douglas Haese ◽  
Joao L Kill ◽  
Anderson F Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone

Abstract Two performance studies were conducted to investigate the effects of 3 different sources of Cu on production parameters of piglets. A total of 256 piglets weaned at 24 ± 2 d were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 10 or 8 replicates per treatment of 4 or 3 piglets per pen in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. The experimental period was divided into 3 feeding phases: Phase 1 (24 to 35 d), Phase 2 (36 to 49 d), and Phase 3 (50 to 70 d). Treatments included a Control group (fed 10 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO4), a group fed 160 mg/kg of either CuSO4 (CuSO4-160) or tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC), and a group fed Cu methionine hydroxy analogue chelated (Cu-MHAC) at 150, 80, and 50 mg/kg in Phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The methionine value of Cu-MHAC was accounted during diet formulation to achieve the same levels of methionine across treatments. Phases 1 and 2 diets contained 2,200 and 1,500 ppm of ZnO, respectively; and antibiotics were used as growth promoters. Performance parameters were analyzed as completely randomized block design, in which each experiment was considered as a block. In trial 2, blood serum and mucosal samples, from the fundic region of the stomach, were collected from 1 piglet per replicate at day 70 and tested for serum growth hormone levels (GH) and ghrelin mRNA expression, respectively. The contrast between Cu-MHAC vs. CuSO4-160 + TBCC showed that piglets fed Cu-MHAC exhibited better feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all feeding phases compared with feeding inorganic Cu (P < 0.05). Overall, feeding Cu-MHAC improved body weight (BW), BW gain, feed intake (FI), and FCR vs. Control diet fed piglets; yet, it improved BW and FCR vs. TBCC fed piglets, and improved BW, BW gain, and FI vs. CuSO4-160 fed piglets (P < 0.05). Feeding TBCC promoted similar performance than feeding CuSO4-160, regardless of age (P > 0.05). Both ghrelin expression and growth hormone serum levels were significantly increased by feeding Cu-MHAC vs. Control diet fed animals (P < 0.01). Feeding CuSO4-160 upregulated ghrelin expression vs. Control (P < 0.01) while GH serum levels and ghrelin expression did no change by feeding TBCC compared with Control diet fed animals (P > 0.05). It was concluded that feeding Cu-MHAC at the levels tested herein can improve growth performance of piglets beyond feeding 160 ppm of either CuSO4 or TBCC, which may be partially explained by the increased expression of ghrelin and GH serum levels.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation of seaweed (Ulva lactuca) and Azolla on growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Aseel chicken

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayalingam Thavasi Alagan ◽  
Rajesh Nakulan Vatsala ◽  
Ilavarasan Sagadevan ◽  
Vairamuthu Subbiah ◽  
Venkataramanan Ragothaman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Abstract Background An effort was made to assess the effectiveness of dietary supplementation of Ulva lactuca (U. lactuca), a seaweed and Azolla individually and in combination on different physiological parameters of Aseel chicken. A total of 40 Aseel chicks of 8 weeks old were allocated into four groups, C1 (control), T1 (Azolla alone), T2 (seaweed alone) and T3 (seaweed plus Azolla). Aseel chicks in C1 were fed with formulated grower feed alone, birds in T1 had control diet with 5% Azolla, birds in T2 had control diet with 3% U. lactuca and birds in T3 had control diet admixtured with 5% of Azolla and 3% of U. lactuca. Parameters were recorded for a continuous period of 2 months in 15 days interval. Results The growth performance was found to be significant (P ≤ 0.05) during 30 days of feed trials and highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) during 45 and 60 days of treatment. Birds in T3 had a higher body weight gain, shank length and feed conversion efficiency followed with T1 and T2 compared to C1. PCV, RBC, WBC and heterophil counts were not influenced (P ≥ 0.05) by dietary treatments. Uric acid, creatinine, AST, glucose, triglycerides and magnesium levels revealed a high significant (P ≤ 0.01) variation, and cholesterol level showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) changes during 30th and 60th day of feed trials between the control and treatment groups. Total protein, globulin, phosphorus and electrolytes like Na, K and Cl levels were not significant (P ≥ 0.05) during 30th day and were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) during the 60th day of the trial. Conclusions It could be noted that inclusion of U. lactuca and Azolla as feed supplement in grower chicken had a better body weight gain when given in combination (U. lactuca and Azolla) rather than supplemented with the sole entity. Based on the haematological and serum biochemical analysis, the supplementation of U. lactuca and Azolla at the levels included in this trial did not pose any threat to the physiological well-being of Aseel chicken.

Effect of Yeast Type and Dose on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Rabbits Fed Maize or Barley

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr M.A. Elmasry ◽  
Luis A. Miranda ◽  
Germán Mendoza ◽  
Fernando X. Plata
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Yeast Concentration

Background: The effects of the probiotics vary with the doses and strains used for this reason, a study was conducted over 35 days to determine the effect of live yeast supplementation in the diet of growing rabbits on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility.Methods: A total of 60 New Zealand and California rabbits (5 weeks old, average body weight 0.881±0.015 kg) were housed in 30 cages. They were fed with a control diet based on alfalfa and maize or barley grains and supplemented with Procreatin®7 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I 1077) or Biosaf® SC47 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC Sc47) at three doses, namely 0, 6.4, or 12.8 ×109 CFU per kg basal diet.Result: The higher yeast concentration had a positive effect (P less than 0.01) on final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and carcass weight (CW). However, there were no significant differences in dry matter intake. As a result of this, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased (P less than 0.01). Significant increases (P less than 0.05) in nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, NDF and ADF) were observed with both grains. The use of yeast in maize and barley-based diets of rabbits has positive effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals Yeast extract plus blood plasma in diets for piglets from 36 to 60 days old

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1112
Author(s):  
Cinthia Maria Carlos Pereira ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira Donzele ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Verônica Maria Pereira Bernardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Performance Variables

ABSTRACT: To evaluate inclusion levels and residual effects of diets containing yeast extract (YE) plus blood plasma (BP) on the performance of 36 to 60-days old piglets, 105 piglets were used (8.75±0.72kg), and they were distributed under a randomized block experimental design with five treatments (control - 2.0% BP; 1.0% BP plus 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0% YE), seven repetitions, and three animals per experimental unit. Piglets were given experimental diets from 36 to 49 days of age. From 50 to 60 day of age, all piglets received the same diet. No effects from treatments (P>0.10) were observed on the performance variables from 36 to 49 day of age. From 50 to 60 day of age, an effect was observed from YE levels on the daily feed consumption (P<0.03), daily weight gain (p<0.01), and final weight (P<0.06), which increased quadratically up to 1.67, 1.67, and 1.55% YE levels, respectively. Piglets which were fed with the diet containing 1.0% BP + 2.0% YE were observed to have better feed conversion ratios (P<0.01) as compared to the control diet (2.0% BP). As it provides a better residual effect, the inclusion of 1.67% yeast extract may replace 50% of blood plasma in 36 to 49-days old piglet diets.

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