scholarly journals Efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth improvement of hybrid Nile and Rufiji tilapia populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Levinus L. Mapenzi ◽  
Matern S.P. Mtolera ◽  
Dirk J. De Koning ◽  
Aviti J. Mmochi
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Significant Difference

An investigation of the role of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance of hybrids from Oreochromis niloticus and Oreochromis urolepis urolepis was carried out in plastic tanks at 10 fish/m3 density and a salinity of 25 units. The probiotic treatments were 2, 4 and 6 g/kg feed while the control feed did not include any probiotics. Growth parameters were measured fortnightly and water quality parameters monitored every day. Survival rate and water quality factors revealed non-significant variations (p > 0.05). Final weight differed significantly among the treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Food Conversion Ratio (FCR), Specific Growth Rates (SGR), and weight gain did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between the control and 2 g/kg treatments. However, the 4 and 6 g/ kg feed treatments showed significant differences (p < 0.05) from the control diet and 2 g/kg for both L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae. The condition factor did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) among the treatments. Results of this study indicate that increasing the quantity of commercial probiotics in feeds improved growth rates. Condition factor observed in the treatments could be due to the role of the tested probiotics in improving the water quality of tanks. Therefore, probiotics could potentially be used to enhance coastal aquaculture development.

Growth and movement of the South African abalone Haliotis midae: A reassessment

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJQ Tarr
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
The South ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Haliotis Midae

Growth rates of a number of Haliotis midae populations around the South African coast were studied by means of tagging. These populations ranged from the cool waters of the western coast to the more temperate environment of the eastern Cape. Standard von Bertalanffy growth curves were fitted and growth parameters derived. These ranged from 0.19 to 0.25 for K, the average rate at which L∞ is approached, and from 156 to 173 for L∞, the average theoretical maximum length. These indicate far higher growth rates than were previously published for this commercially fished species, and the reasons for this difference are discussed. The expectation that growth rates would be fastest in the warmer eastern Cape waters was not realized, there being no significant difference in growth between the Bird Island population on the eastern coast and the Robben Island population on the western coast. These new growth parameters indicate that H. midae in the commercial fishery grounds is attaining sexual maturity some four years earlier, and the minimum legal size some five years earlier, than previously considered. This has considerable significance for modelling studies presently underway. Movement of a small population of adult H. midae was studied over a three-year period, after which 47% of the original abalone were still present on the study site. Of these, 81.5% still occupied exactly the same position on the rocks. This indicates that H. midae that have located an optimum habitat, and that are not disturbed, tend not to move.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Doses of 17 Α -Methyltestosterone on Masculinization, Pre-Post Treatment Growth Parameters and Condition Factor of Sarotherodon Melanotheron in Pond System

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Theophilus Apenuvor ◽  
John Blay ◽  
Joseph Aggreyfynn ◽  
Simon Drafor
Keyword(s):  
Condition Factor ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Sarotherodon Melanotheron

Over-population and stunted growth had been major challenges in the culture of tilapia. The use of synthetic androgen 17- α Methyl Testosterone (MT) was a breakthrough. However, its optimum level towards effective masculinization and growth is a concern. The aim of this research was to ascertain the optimum level of MT towards effective all-male population production and growth of Black-Chinned tilapia. In the present study, the effect of different dose rates of synthetic androgen 17-α Methyl Testosterone (MT) i.e., 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg of the hormone per kg of feed on sex, growth, and condition of Black-Chinned tilapia was evaluated. MT was administered orally by using powdered dry starter feed (Crude Protein 40 %) and Ethanol. The fry was fed for 30 days in the experimental tanks. At the end of the experiment, the sex ratios were determined by examining the operculum coloration as a means of sex identification. Growth performance was monitored by measuring and recording the morphometric characteristics. Bodyweight and total length of the fish on the start of feeding, end of feeding (one month sex reversal period), and two months after feeding were measured. The results of the present study showed that all MT receiving treatment showed a significantly higher male proportion than the control (0 mg MT/kg feed individuals). In all MT treatments groups, the control expects the 30 mg MT/kg in feed individuals’ deviate significantly from the normal 1:1 sex ratio (Chi-square analysis). The dose rate of 120 mg MT /kg feed resulted in the maximum male population (92.7%). Hence, for an effective high percentage of all-male population production in Black-Chinned tilapia, 120 mg MT /kg in feed is recommended. In terms of growth and condition factor, all the individual treatments, as well as the control, showed no significant difference. All the treated individuals showed similar condition factors during the pre and post-treatment, however, the individuals treated with 30 mg MT /kg feed exhibited better condition during the pre-treatment than the post-treatment period. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen recorded in this study were within the desirable limit for tilapia.

scholarly journals The Role of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Litopenaeus vannamei During the Maturation of a Biofloc System

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Llario ◽  
Falco ◽  
Sebastiá-Frasquet ◽  
Escrivá ◽  
Rodilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Probiotic Bacterium ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

Biofloc technology is a sustainable aquaculture production system which uses microorganisms to maintain water quality and to increase productivity. In this system, probiotics can enhance the positive effects of bioflocs on the cultured species. The objective of this research is to study the role of the probiotic bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens during the formation of a biofloc system for the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei. Two doses of probiotic were assayed and applied directly to the water. The experiment was developed in nine tanks distributed as follows: Three control tanks with no probiotic, three tanks with a probiotic dose of 103 cfu/mL, and three tanks with a dose of 104 cfu/mL. Water quality, microbial activity, growth parameters and the immune system state of shrimps were monitored throughout the maturation process. The results indicate a positive effect upon the shrimp immune system throughout the study period, where specifically there was an increase in granular hemocytes in the shrimp hemolymph. During the immature biofloc phase, granular hemocytes were 5% higher in tanks supplemented with the probiotic. During the mature biofloc phase, granular hemocytes were 7% higher in those same tanks. During the maturation of the biofloc, environmental conditions are more unfavorable for shrimp growth, due to the accumulation of nitrites. So, the effect of the probiotic is especially important during this stage when the shrimp are stressed and are more vulnerable to diseases. However, the effects on microbial activity, water quality and Litopenaeus vannamei growth did not increase the benefits of the biofloc system.

Characterisation of Pigment Producing Bacteria Isolated from Bio Floc Ponds and Its Colour Enhancement Effect in Xiphophorus helleri

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Menaga ◽  
S. Felix ◽  
C. Mohanasundari ◽  
M. Charulatha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biofloc Technology ◽  
Staphylococcus Pasteuri ◽  
Bacterial Pigments

Background: Biofloc technology is a minimal or zero water exchange technology which exerts beneficial effects on water quality, improves feed conversion ratio by recycling microbial protein in the culture of commercially important finfishes and shellfishes. This culture technique also improves the pigmentation in the ornamental fish culture. The presence of pigment producing bacteria and the absorption of the pigments by the ornamental fishes under biofloc technology would pave a long way to boost the production and export market of the high value fishes. Therefore, the present study evaluated the use of bacterial pigments isolated from the biofloc culture in the diets of Swordtail ornamental fish for its colouration and pigment absorption ability.Methods: A 30 days trial was conducted to evaluate the colour enhancement in swordtail through the supplementation of pigment produced from the bacteria in their diets. Swordtail fishes (1.2 ± 0.01g) were stocked in 100 litres tanks (20nos / tank) in triplicates. Fish fed with normal diet served as control and diet supplemented with pigment (50mg/kg) isolated from the bacteria Exiguobacterium profundum (T1), Chryseobacterium joostei (T2), Staphylococcus pasteuri (T3), Staphylococcus arlettae (T4) served as treatments. The characteristic features of the pigments isolated from the four different bacteria were checked and showed enhanced antibacterial, total antioxidant activity and the reductive ability.Result: Significant difference was observed in water quality parameters except temperature between the experimental groups. Growth parameters showed significant difference between control and treatment. Highest carotenoid concentration was found in fishes fed with pigments extracted from Staphylococcus pasteuri compared to other experimental groups. The present study proved the incorporation of bacterial pigments in the diets of Swordtail enhanced the total carotenoid concentration.

scholarly journals Time-related action of Lactobacillus plantarum in the bacterial microbiota of shrimp digestive tract and its action as immunostimulant

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe do Nascimento Vieira ◽  
Celso Carlos Buglione Neto ◽  
José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño ◽  
Adolfo Jatobá ◽  
Cristina Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phenol Oxidase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phenol Oxidase Activity ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Significant Difference

The objective of this work was to assess the time-related action of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum in the bacterial microbiota of the digestive tract of Litopenaeus vannamei, and the relation of total haemocyte count and serum phenol oxidase activity of shrimp challenged with Vibrio harveyi. Shrimps were fed with a probiotic-supplemented diet, for eight days, then shifted to a commercial diet. Shrimps fed only with the commercial diet served as control. Evaluations were made on the 8th day of experiment and repeated two, four, six and eight days later. Total lactic bacteria in the digestive tract was higher until the 4th day of evaluation in the probiotic-supplemented group. Vibrio spp. counts were higher in the control at days zero and two. Until the 4th day of evaluation, the total haemocyte counts in shrimps after challenge with V. harveyi were higher in probiotic-supplemented group than in control group. Significant difference was not observed in phenol oxidase activity. On the 6th day after shifting from supplemented to control diet, all parameters were equal in both groups, suggesting that the time-related action of L. plantarum in shrimp is short.

scholarly journals Influence of including maize offal in diets on growth, carcass composition and economics of Clarias gariepinus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 027-035
Author(s):  
Sunday Kenneth Igbang ◽  
Ada Fidelis Bekeh ◽  
Ochang Stephen Ncha
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Hours

Aiming at finding cheaper and still efficient feed for aquaculture species 56 days feeding trial was conducted on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) post fingerlings, fed on five diets with a 40% crude protein target in which maize was replaced with maize offal meal at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively. Ten fish each were stocked in a plastic aquarium tank containing 20 L of water. The fish were fed at 5% body weight divided into two rations ginen at the hours of 8-8:30 am and 5-5:30pm. Growth parameters showed increase with increase in maize offal based diets, with observed weight gains of 72.42, 79.00, 95.92, 130.83 and 65.83 for diets 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. Feed conversion ratio (recorded best in 75% maize offal based diet substitution, while the poorest was recorded at 25% maize offal diet replacement, followed by the control diet (100% maize diet). 75% maize offal replacement recorded the highest specific growth rate (p<0.05).There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the ash content, crude fiber and energy level in the fish carcass. The cost of feed used throughout the experimental period was not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by the increasing level of maize offal as a replacement for maize in the diets, as the costs were comparable. However, this study reveals that maize offal meal can successfully replaced maize up to 75% in the diet of Clarias gariepinus post fingerlings without adverse effect on growth, carcass composition and economics.

scholarly journals Allometry, condition factor and growth of the swimming blue crab Portunus segnis in the Gulf of Gabes, Southeastern Tunisia (Central Mediterranean)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
OLFA BEN ABDALLAH-BEN HADJ HAMIDA ◽  
NADER BEN HADJ HAMIDA ◽  
HOUDA CHAOUCH ◽  
HECHMI MISSAOUI
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Length ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Gulf Of Gabes ◽  
Gulf Of Gabès ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Portunus Segnis

The blue swimming crab Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) is one of the earliest Lessepsian invaders of the Mediterranean Sea, and is recorded since decades in various areas of the Mediterranean. Its presence in the southeastern Tunisian coasts (Gulf of Gabes) is, however, very recent. Allometry, condition factor and growth of P. segnis were studied along the Gulf of Gabes coasts. Sampling was performed by artisanal fishing gears as well as trawl net during a one-year period (October 2015 to September 2016) as processed 4971 crabs were collected. The crab carapace width (CW) ranged from 45 to 168 mm for males and 50 to 159 mm for females. The crab carapace length (CL) was 22.02-89.20 mm and 38.70-85.28 mm, respectively for males and females. The carapace width-carapace length, carapace width- front, carapace width-carapace height and carapace width-weight relationships were studied in separate sexes of crab. The covariance analysis indicates a significant difference between the two sexes with respect to the carapace width-carapace length and the carapace width-weight relationships. The condition factor ranged between 0.0042 and 0.0118 with a mean of 0.0078. The condition factor decreased with increasing crab size. The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters CW∞, K and t0 were estimated on the basis of Length-frequency modal progression analysis methods. The mean values of L∞ (mm), K (year-1) and t0 would be, respectively, 206.48 mm, 1.34 and -0.130 for males; 183.89 mm, 1.42 and -0.127 for females and, 190.60 mm, 1.02 and -0.177 for combined sexes.

scholarly journals Leaders benefit followers in the collective movement of a social sawfly

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1796) ◽  
pp. 20141700 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Hodgkin ◽  
M. R. E. Symonds ◽  
M. A. Elgar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Behavioural Type ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaders And Followers ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The challenges of maintaining cohesion while making collective decisions in social or aggregating insects can result in the emergence of a leader or leaders. Larval aggregations of the steel-blue sawfly Perga affinis forage nocturnally, and some larvae lead the aggregation on foraging trips more often than expected by chance. We investigated the relationship between these leader and follower roles by comparing the weight and growth of individual larvae with different roles. Our observations reveal no significant difference between the growth of leaders and followers, suggesting that the role of leadership may not provide direct foraging benefits. However, by experimentally manipulating the social structure of larval aggregations, we found that individuals within aggregations that comprise a mixture of leaders and followers enjoy higher growth rates than those in aggregations comprising a single behavioural type. These data demonstrate, for the first time, individual benefits to maintaining a balance of leader and follower roles within larval aggregations, and highlight the importance of considering the perspectives of both leaders and followers when investigating the evolutionary significance of this behavioural variation within animal groups.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) offal on the performance of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-185
Author(s):  
S. E. Alu ◽  
F. S. Oseze ◽  
E. J. Ogoshi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Tiger nut offal is one of the common agro by products available in appreciable quantity all yaer round especially within the northern part of Nigeria. Its nutritional value is somewhat close to those of maize offal. Therefore, a 56 - day experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of broiler chickens fed graded levels of Tiger nut offal (TNO) as an energy source. Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets tagged T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, were compounded to contain 23 and 20% crude protein and 2800 and 3000 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy for starter and finisher phases, respectively. The TNO was included at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% levels in treatments, respectively such that T1 served as the control diet. A total of 200, one day old chicks were allotted to the 5 treatment groups, replicated 4 times and each replicate was allotted 10 birds. Parameters evaluated included growth rate, economics of production, blood parameters and carcass characteristics. The results showed that there was no significant variation (P>0.05) in the values obtained for growth parameters, economics of production, haematological parameters and serum biochemistry. However, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in dressed weight (1155.00 vs. 1350.00 vs. 1350.00 vs. 1525.00 and 1530.00 gbird-1 ) and shanks weight (59.50 vs. 100.00 vs. 67.00 vs. 85.00 and  60.00 gbird-1 ) which increased across the treatments as the levels of inclusion of TNO increased in the diets. Birds fed the diets 15 (T4) and 20% (T5) gave the best results compared to those fed the control and other levels. From the results of this experiment, poultry farmer can use up to 20% of TNO as a replacement for conventional energy source in the diet of broiler chickens without compromising the meat quality and health status of the birds.

scholarly journals Effect of different dietary protein level on growth, production and survivability of threatened Mystus cavasius (Hamilton-Buchanan 1822) in pond habitat

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-673
Author(s):  
Md Abdus Samad ◽  
Esmot Jahan Alice ◽  
Dipankar Pal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Growth Production

A study was undertaken to determine the effect of different dietary protein levels on growth, survival and production of Mystus cavasius (Hamilton-Buchanan 1822) with three experimental diets containing 29%, 32% and 35% protein level applied simultaneously to three treatments T1, T2 and T3 respectively each with three replications. The stocking density (1, 11, 150/ha), initial weight (3.00±00 g) and length (2.00±0.00 cm) of fish were same for all the treatments. No significant (P>0.05) difference was found for the mean values of water quality parameters. A suitable range of water quality parameters were recorded with the environment of experimental ponds. In terms of growth, production and survival, relatively highest performance was found in the treatment T3. After 180 days of rearing, average weight gain was 29.16±0.43 g, 31.17±0.30 g and 37.44±0.32 g with the above three different feeds, respectively. The average daily gain (ADG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of all treatments showed significant difference (P<0.05) and the highest value (0.21±0.04 and 1.43±0.01%) was found with the 35% dietary protein level containing diet. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with increase of dietary protein. The findings of FCR were 2.97±0.02 at 29% protein level (T1), 2.64±0.02 at 32% protein level (T2) and 2.20±0.01 at 35% protein level (T3). The results of protein efficiency ratio (PER) values were fairly similar of 1.17±0.02 and 1.18±0.01 for 29% and 32% protein level containing diets respectively indicating low efficiency and the highest efficiency (1.30±0.01) was found with 35% protein level. The findings of condition factor in different treatments for Mystus cavasius were not significantly (P>0.05) varied with the treatments. Calculated values of condition factor were 1.04±0.00, 1.03±0.03 and 1.09±0.05 in treatment T1, T2 and treatment T3, respectively. In pond culture, the performance of treatment T3 was found to be better than the treatment T1 and T2. The production was of 3616±16.74 kg/ha in T3 during the culture period of six months. The best cost benefit ratio (CBR) value (1.98±0.02) was also found with treatment T3. The 35% dietary protein level with treatment T3 resulted in best growth performance and was probably adequate to meet the dietary protein needs of Mystus cavasius (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822). Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 659-673

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