Glufosinate-Ammonium Reduces Growth and Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1483-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. TUBAJIKA ◽  
K. E. DAMANN
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungus

The herbicide glufosinate-ammonium (GA) [butanoic acid, 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)-ammonium salt] was tested at concentrations from 2 to 2,000 g GA per ml for activity against growth and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production by the mycotoxigenic fungus Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr. The highest concentration (2,000 μg GA per ml) reduced colony diameter of A. flavus strain AF13 by 80%. AFB1 production was inhibited by 90% at this concentration. Reduction in mycelial dry weight and AFB1 production in response to GA application ranged from 17.2 to 97.1% and from 39.1 to 90.1%, respectively. Of four concentrations tested, 2 μg GA per ml was weakly inhibitory. In the kernel screening assay, AFB1 production was inhibited 60 to 91% when kernels were preimmersed or immersed 5 days after incubation in 200 μg GA per ml. Both concentrations (2 and 200 μg GA per ml) reduced seed germination by 25 to 50%. Results indicate that GA has an inhibitory effect on growth and AFB1 production by A. flavus.

scholarly journals Effect of mint (Mentha piperita L.) and caraway (Carum carvi L.) on the growth of some toxigenic aspergillus species and aflatoxin B1 production

2009 ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Skrinjar ◽  
Anamarija Mandic ◽  
Aleksandra Misan ◽  
Marijana Sakac ◽  
Ljubisa Saric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Carum Carvi ◽  
The Media ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Poor Concentration

An inhibitory effect of various concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2,0%) of mint (Mentha piperita L.) and caraway (Carvum carvi L.) on the growth of A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. ochraceus was examined during 10 days of cultivation in YES medium at temperature of 25?C. Mint showed stronger inhibitory effect than caraway. Total dry weight (g/l) after 10 days of the growth of A. fumigatus in YES medium with 0.5% of mint decreased by about 95%, A. flavus by 97% and A. ochraceus by about 82%. Addition of higher concentrations of mint (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%) reduced the growth of all tested species. It was poor and hardly visible. pH values of the media increased with the increase of mint concentrations. A. fumigatus showed the highest sensitivity towards caraway and A. flavus the lowest. Total dry weight (g/l) after 10 days of growth of A. fumigatus in medium with 0.5% of caraway decreased by about 72% in comparison to the control. In media with higher concentrations of caraway, its growth was found to be very poor. Concentration of 1.0% of caraway reduced A. flavus growth by 15% and of 1.5% by 92%, in regard to the control. In medium with 2.0% of caraway the growth of A. flavus was observed as poor and hardly visible. The growth of A. ochraceus in medium with 0.5% of caraway decreased by about 85% comparing with control and further decrease was noticed by the increase of concentrations. In medium with 1.5% of caraway a reduction of about 95% of growth was found and under 2.0% of caraway it was poor. pH of the media also increased with the increase of caraway concentrations. Applied concentrations of mint and caraway inhibited completely the production of AB1 by A. flavus.

scholarly journals Impact of Silver Nanoparticles on Gene Expression in Aspergillus Flavus Producer Aflatoxin B1

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mahmoud Deabes ◽  
Wagdy Khalil Bassaly Khalil ◽  
Ashraf Gamil Attallah ◽  
Tarek Ahmed El-Desouky ◽  
Khayria Mahmoud Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aflatoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Methyltransferase Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose ◽  
Quantitative Pcr Assay

AIM: In this study, we evaluated the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) through assessment the transcription activity of aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway genes in Aspergillus flavus ATCC28542.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mRNAs were quantitative by Real Time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of A. flavus grown in yeast extract sucrose (YES) medium containing AgNPs. Specific primers that are involved in the AFB1 biosynthesis which highly specific to A. flavus, O-methyltransferase gene (omt-A), were designed and used to detect the fungus activity by quantitative PCR assay. The AFB1 production (from A. flavus growth) which effected by AgNPs were measured in YES medium by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).RESULTS: The AFB1 produced by A. flavus have the highest reduction with 1.5 mg -100 ml of AgNPs were added in media those records 88.2%, 67.7% and 83.5% reduction by using AgNP HA1N, AgNP HA2N and AgNP EH, respectively. While on mycelial growth give significantly inhibitory effect. These results have been confirmed by qRT-PCR which showed that culture of A. flavus with the presence of AgNPs reduced the expression levels of omt-A gene.CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the present study, AgNPs inhibit growth and AFB1 produced by Aspergillus flavus ATCC28542. This was confirmed through RT-PCR approach showing the effect of AgNPs on omt-A gene involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Licorice, Doum, and Banana Peel Extracts Inhibit Aspergillus flavus Growth and Suppress Metabolic Pathway of Aflatoxin B1 Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1587
Author(s):  
Nesrine H. Youssef ◽  
Sameer H. Qari ◽  
Saleh Matar ◽  
Najwa A. Hamad ◽  
Eldessoky S. Dessoky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Promising Source

Three different concentrations of four (ethanol, acetone, methanol, and diethyl ether) extracts of licorice, doum, and banana peel were evaluated for antifungal and antimycotoxigenic efficiency against a maize aflatoxigenic fungus, Aspergillus flavus. Among them, the licorice diethyl ether 75% extract was intensely active, showing the best wet and dry weight inhibition and exhibiting the highest efficacy ratio (91%). Regarding aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production, all the plant extracts tested were effective against AFB1 production after one month of maize storage, with average efficacy ratios ranging from 74.1% to 97.5%. At the same time, Thiram fungicide exhibited an efficacy ratio of 20.14%. The relative expression levels of three structural genes (aflD, aflP, and aflQ) and two regulatory genes (aflR and aflS) were significantly downregulated when compared to untreated maize grains or Thiram-treated maize grains. The doum diethyl ether 75% peel extract showed the highest total phenolic content (60.48 mg GAE/g dry extract wt.) and antioxidant activity (84.71 μg/mL). GC–MS analysis revealed that dimethoxycinnamic acid, aspartic acid, valproic acid, and linoleic acid might imbue the extracts with antioxidant capacities in relation to fungal growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis. Finally, the results suggest that the three plant extracts can be considered a promising source for developing potentially effective and environmentally safer alternative ways to control aflatoxin formation, thus creating a potentially protective method for grain storage.

Effects of Glufosinate-Ammonium and Urea on Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Levels in Corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Arnold Bruns ◽  
H. K. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Aflatoxin Concentration ◽  
Plot Design

Glufosinate-ammonium [butanoic acid, 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)-ammonium salt] (G-A) and urea [CO(NH2)2] were evaluated as foliar treatments for suppression of pre-harvest aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in corn (Zea mays). The experiment was conducted in Stoneville, MS as a randomized complete block split-plot design replicated four times. The whole plots were four commercial hybrids, two genetically modified to be resistant to G-A and two nonmodified. Twenty randomly-selected ears in each sub-plot were inoculated with a culture of F3W4 Aspergillus flavus using a pin bar. Infection by Fusarium verticillioides (= F. moniliforme) occurred naturally. The sub-plot treatments were applied as an aqueous solution (0.23 % v:v G-A, 1.13% v:v G-A, and 0.075 M urea) 60 days after silking. The experiment also included untreated controls with and without inoculation of A. flavus. Sub-plots were two rows 30 ft long, spaced 40 inches apart. The experiment was repeated four times starting in 2001 and ending in 2004. Among years, inoculated ears averaged 153.6 ppb to 257.3 ppb more aflatoxin than non-inoculated ears. Neither G-A nor urea reduced aflatoxin or fumonisin concentrations. Hybrids did not differ in yield or aflatoxin concentration. Fumonisin concentrations among hybrids ranged from 2.3 ppm to 7.5 ppm. Grain yields were less in 2004 (110 bu/acre) than 2001 (140 bu/acre) or 2002 (144 bu/acre). Accepted for publication 25 January 2006. Published 24 March 2006.

scholarly journals Kemampuan Bakteri Asam Laktat Dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Aflatoksin B2 Aspergilllus flavus

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Arina Tri Lunggani
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Aflatoxin B2 ◽  
Fungal Inoculation

Aflatoxins are highly toxic secondary metabolies produced during the growth of several fungi, especiallyAspergillus flavus. AFB1 and AFB2 one of them which contaminates a wide variety of food and feed causing serioushealth problem when consumed by human or animals. This research was aimed to study the potency of Lactic AcidBacteria (LAB) in the inhibition of Aspergillus flavus growth and the production of Aflatoxin B2. Three species ofLAB i.e. Lactobacillus delbrueckii , L. fermentum, L. plantarum were investigated for their potential in inhibitingand degradation of Aflatoxin B2 as well as inhibiting fungal growth. The trial was designed into three variations ofeach isolate by challenging the fungal culture, before fungal inoculation, at the same time as fungal inoculation andafter fungal inoculation. It was found that all the three species of LAB are potential microorganism to inhibitfungal growth as indicated by the reduction of the dry weight of fungal mycelia compared with control.Quantification of Aflatoxin B2 showed that L. fermentum gave the strongest degradation of Aflatoxin B1 during 15days incubation, then followed by L. plantarum and L delbruekii with a reduction rate of 0,,2408 ppm, 0,3373 ppm,0,6393 ppm respectively, compared with control these are significantly different. These result conclude thatAflatoxin B2 can be degraded or prevented to be produced by A. flavus by applying LAB.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF SIAM WEED DEBRIS ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF THREE TEST CROP SPECIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Mahfuza Begum ◽  
Md. Abdus Salam ◽  
Farhana Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Agriculture Management

Allelopathy is important for agricultural practices as has gained attention in sustainable agriculture management. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to assess the allelopathic effect of siam weed (Chromolaena odorata L. King and Robinson) debris on the germination and seedling growth of rice, mustard and groundnut at four concentrations of weed debris (e.g., 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g dry weight per 100 g soil). The weed debris at different concentrations reduced the seed germination, plant height, leaf numbers, leaf area and seedling dry weight of the test crop species. The inhibitory effects of the test crop were positively related to the concentration of siam weed debris in soil. On the basis of average percent inhibition (API), mustard (24.47%) was mostly affected by the siam weed debris followed by groundnut (20.10%) and rice (17.10%). From the results of the study, it is observed that weed debris of siam weed had inhibitory effect on the seed germination and seedling growth of rice, mustard and groundnut. Therefore, the allelopathic activity of the siam weed may play an important role in the management of sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. AND CYNODAN DACTYLON L. ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH RESPONSES OF SOME RICE CULTIVARS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Kavitha D
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

Weeds are enemies to the crop plants and have harmful effects on agricultural crops due to several factors such as competition for space, light and nutrients and allelopathy. In the present study,various concentrations (0,5,10,15,20 and 25%) of whole plant aqueous extractsof weeds, Cyperus rotundusL.( Purple nut sedge) and Cynodan dactylon(L.) Pers. (Bermuda grass) were tested for assessing their allelopathic potential on seed germination and seedling growth of some rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars i.e.ADT-36,BPT5204 and IR-20 using pot culture experiments. The experimental results revealed that all the concentrations of both the weed extracts had inhibition on germination percentage, seedling length, number of,dry weight and chlorophyll contents of 15 day old seedlings of all the three rice cultivars and the inhibitory effect of the extracts was concentration dependent. However, at 5% of C. rotundus and10% of C. dactylon extracts did notaffect seed germination of IR-20 . Among the rice cultivars,the higher degree of growth inhibition was observed in ADT-36followed by BPT-5204 and IR-20 . The weed C.rotundusexhibited more intense on growth suppression of rice cultivars thanC.dactylon.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of thuja orientalis L. and melia azedarch L. on seed germination of penisitum americanum L

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Saeeda Bibi ◽  
Rukhsana Jabeen ◽  
Asma Abdul Hayee ◽  
Saima Johar ◽  
Shehnaz Sher Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Thuja Orientalis ◽  
Different Parts

Aqueous extract of leaves, bark and seeds of Meliaazedarach.L and Thujaorientalis L. were assayed at 1, 5 and 10g/L concentration with different time period to check their effect on seed germination, fresh and dry weight and seedling growth of Pennesitiumamericanum L. Result revealed that aqueous extracts of both plants at all concentration and time period had significantly inhibited seed germination ofP.ammericanum L. when compared with control. The inhibitory effect increases with increasing concentration of extracts and time period. The bark extract of all concentration of T.orientalis in 24hr and 48hrs show stimulation in seedling growth while other parts and extracts of all parts of M.azedarachin all concentration and time period show inhibition in all parameters. The order of inhibition when compared different parts of M.azedarch was seeds >bark > leaves while that of T.orientalis was leaves > bark >seeds. Hence it is concluded that aqueous extract of these plant contain water soluble allelochemicals which inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of P. americanum L. It is suggested that these chemicals may be used as herbicides.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIAFLATOKSIN B1 EKSTRAK DAUN RUMPUT KEBAR (Biophytum petersianum) TERHADAP Aspergillus flavus (Antiaflatoxin B1 Activity of Kebar Grass (Biophytum petersianum) Leaf Extract on Aspergillus flavus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Meike Meilan Lisangan ◽  
Rizal Syarie ◽  
Winiati Pudji Rahayu ◽  
Okky Setyawati Dharmaputra
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Model Medium ◽  
Biophytum Petersianum ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Food Model ◽  
Different Levels

Aflatoxin B1 was a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus having negative effect on human health because of its carcinogenic. Many efforts have been done to investigate the antifungal and antiaflatoxin agent derived plant. The objective of this research was to study the activity of antifungal from kebar grass leaf extract on mycelial growth and aflatoxin B1 production of Aspergillus flavus BCC F0219 and A. flavus BIO 2236 isolates in food model medium i.e. carbohydrate-enriched medium, fat-enriched medium and protein-enriched medium. Kebar grass leaf extracts was successively obtained by using n-hexane - ethyl acetate - methanol (HEM). Concentrations of the extract tested on A. flavus BCC F0219 and A. flavus BIO 2236 were 1; 1.5, and 2 MIC. The MIC for A. flavus BCC F0219 in carbohydrate-enriched medium, fat-enriched medium, and protein-enriched medium were 12, 14, and 14 mg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the MIC for A. flavus BIO 2236 in carbohydrate-enriched medium, fat-enriched medium and protein-enriched medium were 12, 16 and 16 mg/mL, respectively. The results showed that the percentage of growth inhibition of A. flavus BCC F0219 and BIO 2236 in carbohydrate, fat and protein-enriched medium at 3 different levels of MIC concentrations ranged between 90.8 - 100% and 93.8 - 100%. The inhibitory effect of Aflatoxin B1 production of A. flavus F0219 BCC and BIO 2236 in carbohydrate, fat and protein-enriched medium at 3 different levels of MIC concentration ranged between 70.86 - 100 % and 83.42 – 98.84 %.Keywords: Aflatoxin B1, anti aflatoxin, Aspergillus flavus, Biophytum petersianum, food model medium, kebar grass ABSTRAKAflatoksin B1 merupakan metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan oleh Aspergillus flavus yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan karena bersifat karsinogenik. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mencari bahan antikapang dan antiaflatoksin yang berasal dari bahan alami seperti tumbuhan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari aktivitas ekstrak daun rumput kebar terhadap pertumbuhan miselium dan produksi aflatoksin B1 dari isolat A. flavus BC F0219 dan A. flavus BIO2236 pada media model pangan kaya karbohidrat, lemak dan protein. Ekstrak daun rumput kebar diekstraksi secara bertingkat dengan pelarut n-heksana-etil asetat-metanol (HEM). Konsentrasi ekstrak yang diuji untuk isolatA. flavus BCC F0219 dan A. flavus BIO 2236 masing-masing adalah 1; 1,5; dan 2 MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration).NilaiMIC untuk A. flavus BCC F0219 pada media kaya karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein berturut-turut sebesar 12, 14, dan 14 mg/mL. Sedangkan nilai MIC untuk A. flavus BIO 2236 pada media kaya karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein berturutturut sebesar 12, 16, dan 16 mg/mL. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa persentase hambatan pertumbuhan isolat A.flavus BCC F0219 dan BIO 2236 pada media kaya karbohidrat, lemak dan protein pada 3 tingkat konsentrasi MIC berkisar antara 90,8 – 100% dan 93,8 – 100%. Hambatan produksi aflatoksin B1 isolat A. flavus BCC F0219 dan BIO 2236pada media kaya karbohidrat, lemak dan protein pada 3 tingkat konsentrasi MIC berkisar antara 70,86 – 100% dan 83,42 – 98,84%.Kata kunci: Aflatoxin B1, anti aflatoksin, Aspergillus flavus, Biophytum petersianum, media model pangan, rumput kebar

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