scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIAFLATOKSIN B1 EKSTRAK DAUN RUMPUT KEBAR (Biophytum petersianum) TERHADAP Aspergillus flavus (Antiaflatoxin B1 Activity of Kebar Grass (Biophytum petersianum) Leaf Extract on Aspergillus flavus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Meike Meilan Lisangan ◽  
Rizal Syarie ◽  
Winiati Pudji Rahayu ◽  
Okky Setyawati Dharmaputra
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Model Medium ◽  
Biophytum Petersianum ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Food Model ◽  
Different Levels

Aflatoxin B1 was a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus having negative effect on human health because of its carcinogenic. Many efforts have been done to investigate the antifungal and antiaflatoxin agent derived plant. The objective of this research was to study the activity of antifungal from kebar grass leaf extract on mycelial growth and aflatoxin B1 production of Aspergillus flavus BCC F0219 and A. flavus BIO 2236 isolates in food model medium i.e. carbohydrate-enriched medium, fat-enriched medium and protein-enriched medium. Kebar grass leaf extracts was successively obtained by using n-hexane - ethyl acetate - methanol (HEM). Concentrations of the extract tested on A. flavus BCC F0219 and A. flavus BIO 2236 were 1; 1.5, and 2 MIC. The MIC for A. flavus BCC F0219 in carbohydrate-enriched medium, fat-enriched medium, and protein-enriched medium were 12, 14, and 14 mg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the MIC for A. flavus BIO 2236 in carbohydrate-enriched medium, fat-enriched medium and protein-enriched medium were 12, 16 and 16 mg/mL, respectively. The results showed that the percentage of growth inhibition of A. flavus BCC F0219 and BIO 2236 in carbohydrate, fat and protein-enriched medium at 3 different levels of MIC concentrations ranged between 90.8 - 100% and 93.8 - 100%. The inhibitory effect of Aflatoxin B1 production of A. flavus F0219 BCC and BIO 2236 in carbohydrate, fat and protein-enriched medium at 3 different levels of MIC concentration ranged between 70.86 - 100 % and 83.42 – 98.84 %.Keywords: Aflatoxin B1, anti aflatoxin, Aspergillus flavus, Biophytum petersianum, food model medium, kebar grass ABSTRAKAflatoksin B1 merupakan metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan oleh Aspergillus flavus yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan karena bersifat karsinogenik. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mencari bahan antikapang dan antiaflatoksin yang berasal dari bahan alami seperti tumbuhan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari aktivitas ekstrak daun rumput kebar terhadap pertumbuhan miselium dan produksi aflatoksin B1 dari isolat A. flavus BC F0219 dan A. flavus BIO2236 pada media model pangan kaya karbohidrat, lemak dan protein. Ekstrak daun rumput kebar diekstraksi secara bertingkat dengan pelarut n-heksana-etil asetat-metanol (HEM). Konsentrasi ekstrak yang diuji untuk isolatA. flavus BCC F0219 dan A. flavus BIO 2236 masing-masing adalah 1; 1,5; dan 2 MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration).NilaiMIC untuk A. flavus BCC F0219 pada media kaya karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein berturut-turut sebesar 12, 14, dan 14 mg/mL. Sedangkan nilai MIC untuk A. flavus BIO 2236 pada media kaya karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein berturutturut sebesar 12, 16, dan 16 mg/mL. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa persentase hambatan pertumbuhan isolat A.flavus BCC F0219 dan BIO 2236 pada media kaya karbohidrat, lemak dan protein pada 3 tingkat konsentrasi MIC berkisar antara 90,8 – 100% dan 93,8 – 100%. Hambatan produksi aflatoksin B1 isolat A. flavus BCC F0219 dan BIO 2236pada media kaya karbohidrat, lemak dan protein pada 3 tingkat konsentrasi MIC berkisar antara 70,86 – 100% dan 83,42 – 98,84%.Kata kunci: Aflatoxin B1, anti aflatoksin, Aspergillus flavus, Biophytum petersianum, media model pangan, rumput kebar

scholarly journals Impact of Silver Nanoparticles on Gene Expression in Aspergillus Flavus Producer Aflatoxin B1

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mahmoud Deabes ◽  
Wagdy Khalil Bassaly Khalil ◽  
Ashraf Gamil Attallah ◽  
Tarek Ahmed El-Desouky ◽  
Khayria Mahmoud Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aflatoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Methyltransferase Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose ◽  
Quantitative Pcr Assay

AIM: In this study, we evaluated the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) through assessment the transcription activity of aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway genes in Aspergillus flavus ATCC28542.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mRNAs were quantitative by Real Time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of A. flavus grown in yeast extract sucrose (YES) medium containing AgNPs. Specific primers that are involved in the AFB1 biosynthesis which highly specific to A. flavus, O-methyltransferase gene (omt-A), were designed and used to detect the fungus activity by quantitative PCR assay. The AFB1 production (from A. flavus growth) which effected by AgNPs were measured in YES medium by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).RESULTS: The AFB1 produced by A. flavus have the highest reduction with 1.5 mg -100 ml of AgNPs were added in media those records 88.2%, 67.7% and 83.5% reduction by using AgNP HA1N, AgNP HA2N and AgNP EH, respectively. While on mycelial growth give significantly inhibitory effect. These results have been confirmed by qRT-PCR which showed that culture of A. flavus with the presence of AgNPs reduced the expression levels of omt-A gene.CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the present study, AgNPs inhibit growth and AFB1 produced by Aspergillus flavus ATCC28542. This was confirmed through RT-PCR approach showing the effect of AgNPs on omt-A gene involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.

scholarly journals In vitro Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Plant Leaves to inhibit Pathogenic Fungi

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Liamngee Kator ◽  
Zakki Yula Hosea
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Alternative Means

The in vitro potential of aqueous extracts of plant leaves to inhibit pathogenic fungi was carried out. The effect of leaf extract and concentration on growth inhibition of organism I (Aspergillus flavus) in vitro revealed that a concentration of 100g/mL, Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) gave the highest growth inhibition of  (59.14) followed by Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract (NLE) (49.70) and Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina)  extract (BLE) (45.84) respectively while the least growth inhibition on organism 1 (Aspergillus flavus) was by MLE at concentration of 40 g/mL (30.11) followed by NLE at 60 g/mL (32.11) and BLE at 40 g/mL (40.13). On organism 2 (Penicillium waksmanii), MLE at a concentration of 100 g/mL gave the highest growth inhibition of (50.49) followed by NLE (49.01) and BLE (36.72) respectively while the least inhibition on growth of organism 2 in vitro was by BLE at concentration of 60 g/mL (16.05) followed by MLE (40.70) and NLE (40.70) at concentration of 80 g/mL respectively. On organism 3 (Botryodiplodia theobromae), MLE at  concentration of 100 g/mL gave the highest inhibition of growth (57.00) followed by NLE (52.71) and BLE (50.15) respectively while  the least inhibition on growth of organism 3 in vitro was by BLE at 40 g/mL (21.50) followed by MLE at 60 g/mL (31.06) and NLE at 40 g/mL (41.89). On organism 4 (Fusarium oxysporum), the highest growth inhibition was by MLE at 100g/mL (54.02) followed by NLE at 100 g/mL (49.62) and BLE at 100 g/mL (44.41) while MLE showed the least growth inhibition at 60 g/mL (24.04) followed by BLE at 40 g/mL  (26.60) and NLE at 40 g/mL (30.12). NLE showed the highest grand inhibitory effect of extract concentration on growth inhibition of organism 5 (Colletotrichum asianum) in vitro at 100 g/mL (53.68) followed by MLE at 100 g/mL (51.51) and BLE at 100 g/mL (40.94). The least inhibitory effect on the growth of organism 5 in vitro was by BLE at 80 g/mL (21.26) followed by NLE at 40 g/mL (22.25) and MLE at 40 g/mL (32.69). The controls ranged from 2.23 to 4.31 across all extract concentrations and fungal isolates. There were significant differences in growth inhibition between extract concentrations and their controls on all fungal isolates. The use of plant extracts provides alternative means for controlling plant pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Studies on Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Putranjiva Roxburghii Wall. on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyajit Oraon ◽  
Subrata Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Putranjiva Roxburghii

The present study reveals the allelopathic effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. on seed germination and early growth stages of an economically important plant chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Aqueous leaf extracts at 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 50, 75 and 100% concentrations were applied to determine their effect on seed germination and early growth stages under laboratory conditions. Laboratory-based experiments with three replicates were used to arrange treatments accordingly. After 5 days of incubation the rate of seed germination, radicle length and hypocotyls length etc. of chickpea seeds were observed after treatment with aqueous leaf extracts. Highest inhibitory effect was noticed in 100% of aqueous leaf extract. Results indicated that the inhibitory effect was proportional to the concentration of the extracts. The water soluble leaf extracts contain allelochemicals, which inhibit the seed germination and reduced the early growth of chickpea.

scholarly journals Botanical extracts: alternative control for silverleaf whitefly management in tomato Extratos botânicos: controle alternativo para o manejo de mosca-branca em tomateiro

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson LL Baldin ◽  
Thiago LM Fanela ◽  
Luiz ER Pannuti ◽  
Massuo J Kato ◽  
Renata Takeara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Toona Ciliata ◽  
Biotype B

Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype B is one of the most limiting pests of tomato crops in the world. Tomato yield is currently dependent on the use of pesticides, which are problematic to farmers, consumers and the environment. A promising alternative to reduce the harmful effects caused by the indiscriminated use of synthetic insecticides is the use of insecticides of botanical origin. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 3% (w/v) aqueous extracts from different structures of thirteen botanical species on the behavior of B. tabaci biotype B adults, as well as insecticidal activity of such aqueous extracts on B. tabaci eggs, nymphs, and adults infesting tomato plants. A distilled water solution was used as a negative control, and thiamethoxam insecticide (18 g/100 L of water) as a positive control. Leaf extract of Toona ciliata was observed to have the most efficient inhibitory effect in tests of extracts on whitefly behavior. Furthermore, the use of leaf extract of Toona ciliata led to the most drastic reduction in the number of adults and eggs on tomato leaflets. Leaf extract of Piper aduncum led to the greatest observed ovicidal effect (78.00% of non-hatched nymphs); however it was not effective against nymphs and adults. The leaf extracts of Trichilia pallida, Trichilia casaretti, and Toona ciliata showed the highest control indexes (67.9, 60.3, and 55.1%, respectively). For adults mortality, T. pallida was the most effective (72.8%). Our results indicate that application of extracts of T. pallida, T. ciliata, and T. casaretti are promising strategies to manage B. tabaci biotype B on tomato.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF SAMBUNG NYAWA LEAF EXTRACTS Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr. FOR TREATMENT OF Vibrio alginolyticus IN TIGER GROUPER (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Forsskal, 1775)

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Novi Santika ◽  
Wardiyanto Wardiyanto ◽  
Esti Harpeni
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tiger Grouper

Tiger Grouper is one of the sea water fish commodities that is quite popular with the community and has a high economic value. The problem faced by farmers is the attack of Vibriosis, one of which is caused by the Vibrio alginolyticus bacteria. The use of synthetic antibiotics has been widely used but has many adverse effects, so it needs new alternatives for the treatment of Vibriosis disease. One of them is by using the extract of lifelong leaf extract. Life-sustaining plants (Gynura procumbens) contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, and antibacterial saponins. This study aims to determine the best dosage of lifelong leaf extract for the treatment of Vibriosis disease in tiger grouper. The study was conducted in two stages, namely in vitro and in vivo. Before the fish were treated with feed that had been given a sambung deca leaf extract, the fish were challenged using Vibrio alginolyticus with a density of 108 CFU / mL as much as 0.1 mL / head and then fed with treatment and maintained for 21 days. The results of the in vitro study showed that the life of sambung leaf extract at a dose of 700 ppm had a broad inhibitory effect on V. alginolyticus, which amounted to 10.47 mm compared to other treatments. Whereas when continued for in vivo testing, a dose of 350 ppm in general has been applied for the treatment of attacks of Vibrio alginolyticus in tiger grouper.

Glufosinate-Ammonium Reduces Growth and Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1483-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. TUBAJIKA ◽  
K. E. DAMANN
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungus

The herbicide glufosinate-ammonium (GA) [butanoic acid, 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)-ammonium salt] was tested at concentrations from 2 to 2,000 g GA per ml for activity against growth and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production by the mycotoxigenic fungus Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr. The highest concentration (2,000 μg GA per ml) reduced colony diameter of A. flavus strain AF13 by 80%. AFB1 production was inhibited by 90% at this concentration. Reduction in mycelial dry weight and AFB1 production in response to GA application ranged from 17.2 to 97.1% and from 39.1 to 90.1%, respectively. Of four concentrations tested, 2 μg GA per ml was weakly inhibitory. In the kernel screening assay, AFB1 production was inhibited 60 to 91% when kernels were preimmersed or immersed 5 days after incubation in 200 μg GA per ml. Both concentrations (2 and 200 μg GA per ml) reduced seed germination by 25 to 50%. Results indicate that GA has an inhibitory effect on growth and AFB1 production by A. flavus.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End Products Formation by Mangifera indica Leaf Extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimihisa Itoh ◽  
Kazuya Murata ◽  
Nao Sakaguchi ◽  
Kohei Akai ◽  
Tomoka Yamaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Glycation End Products ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
Dark Green

The purpose of this study was to examine an inhibitory effect of mango leaf extracts on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation and to identify these active ingredients, and also to investigate a relationship between leaves maturation and the inhibitory activity. A methanolic extract of old dark green mango leaf extract (OML-ext) exhibited an inhibitory activity of AGEs formation in nonenzymatic glycation of albumin. The inhibitory activity of OML-ext was attributable to 3-C-β-D-glucosyl-2,4,4’,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (1), mangiferin (2) and chlorophyll. Inhibitory effect of young dark reddish brown mango leaf extract (YDL-ext) on AGEs formation was similar to that of OML-ext. The inhibitory activity of YDL-ext was attributable to 1 and 2, in addition, a part of the the activity of YDL-ext due to anthocyanins whose content is highest in young dark reddish brown mango leaves. Considering the amounts of leaves obtained from pruning, old dark green leaves may be a reasonable natural resource for the preparation of ingredients with inhibitory activity of AGEs formation.

scholarly journals Effects of Saffron Corm and Leaf Extracts on Early Growth of Some Plants to Investigate the Possibility of Using Them as Associated Crop

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid-Reza FALLAHI ◽  
Arezoo PARAVAR ◽  
Mohammad-Ali BEHDANI ◽  
Mahsa AGHHAVANI-SHAJARI ◽  
Mohammad-Javad FALLAHI
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Randomized Design

Saffron intercropping with other plants needs to preliminary investigations about the possible negative interactions between saffron and associated crop. In this study, allelopathic effects of saffron leaf and corm extracts on germination and seedling growth indices of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), arugula (Eruca sativa) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) was investigated in six separate experiments based on completely randomized design. Experimental treatments were consisted of different levels of saffron leaf and corm extracts including 0, 0.75, 1.5, 3 and 6%. The maximum germination percentage of all selected crops was obtained at control treatment (on average 92%) and then decreased with increasing extracts concentration. So that, the germination percentage of arugula, canola and alfalfa in highest concentration of extracts were 18, 10 and 8% for leaf extract and 72, 68 and 93% for corm extract, respectively. The relatively similar trend was observed about germination rate, root and plumule lengths and dry weights. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of saffron leaf extract was more than corm extract on initial growth indices of studied plants. The lowest inhibitory effect of saffron leaf extract and even relatively high stimulatory effect of corm extract were obtained on alfalfa initial growth criteria. Considering the differences in allelochemicals mode of action and concentrations in laboratory bioassays with natural condition, it is necessary to investigate the effects of saffron residues on growth of selected associated crops in greenhouse and field scales for the final decision.

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