Identification of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Live Molluscan Shellfish and Their Significance in the Marine Environment

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAIME MARTINEZ-URTAZA ◽  
MONTSERRAT SACO ◽  
GUSTAVO HERNANDEZ-CORDOVA ◽  
ANTONIO LOZANO ◽  
OSCAR GARCIA-MARTIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Slight Rise ◽  
Contamination Events ◽  
Salmonella Senftenberg

A study on the presence of Salmonella spp. in live molluscs was performed, which included a description of the different serovars isolated and their relationship to the marine environment. A total of 2,980 samples of shellfish from Galicia (N.W. Spain) were tested for the presence of Salmonella spp. between September 1998 and August 2001. The overall incidence of Salmonella was 1.8% and showed a slight rise during the 3 years of the study. Mussels and oysters presented a higher incidence than clams and cockles, possibly because of their distinct growing habitat. A seasonal pattern was noted for the isolation of Salmonella spp.: 54% of the isolations were detected from September to November. That nearly 67% of the total Salmonella was isolated from shellfish with fecal coliform levels <300/100 g (the maximum level criteria in the European Communities regulations) supported the view that low levels of fecal coliforms do not necessarily indicate the absence of Salmonella. A total of nine serovars were found in the 54 Salmonella isolated. Salmonella Senftenberg was the most frequent (50%), followed by Salmonella Typhimurium (18%) and Salmonella Agona (17%). Salmonella Senftenberg was detected frequently during the year, whereas the remaining serovars were detected only on occasional contamination events.

Microbiological and parasitological quality of ground beef sold in Aracaju-SE

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Sydney Correia Leao ◽  
Debora Machado Barreto ◽  
Viviane Da Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Roneval Felix De Santana ◽  
Cláudia Moura De Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Class A ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The City ◽  
Butcher Shops

<p><strong><em>The goal of this work was to verify the presence of microorganisms and parasites in the ground beef sold in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe, in addition to compare the contamination in butcher shops and supermarkets in neighborhoods Class A and D. We collected 16 samples of 100 gram in triplicate (m=48) and analyzed the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. coliforms total and thermotolerants, molds and yeasts, and parasites. It was observed that the samples are contaminated by these microorganisms examined with high total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp. (25%), low levels of S. aureus, molds and yeasts, in addition to the detection of Ascaris lumbricoides, larvae of flies, mites and plant artifacts.</em></strong></p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Oysters in the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 893-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle A. Brands ◽  
Allison E. Inman ◽  
Charles P. Gerba ◽  
C. John Maré ◽  
Stephen J. Billington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Human Health Hazard

ABSTRACT Food-borne diseases such as salmonellosis can be attributed, in part, to the consumption of raw oysters. To determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in oysters, oysters harvested from 36 U.S. bays (12 each from the West, East, and Gulf coasts in the summer of 2002, and 12 bays, four per coast, in the winter of 2002-2003) were tested. Salmonella was isolated from oysters from each coast of the United States, and 7.4% of all oysters tested contained Salmonella. Isolation tended to be bay specific, with some bays having a high prevalence of Salmonella, while other bays had none. Differences in the percentage of oysters from which Salmonella was isolated were observed between the summer and winter months, with winter numbers much lower probably due to a variety of weather-related events. The vast majority (78/101) of Salmonella isolates from oysters were Salmonella enterica serovar Newport, a major human pathogen, confirming the human health hazard of raw oyster consumption. Contrary to previous findings, no relationship was found between the isolation of fecal coliforms and Salmonella from oysters, indicating a necessity for specific monitoring for Salmonella and other pathogens rather than the current reliance on fecal coliform testing.

Microbiological Condition of Ground Meat Retailed in Monterrey, Mexico

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1249-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMA HEREDIA ◽  
SANTOS GARCÍA ◽  
GUADALUPE ROJAS ◽  
LUCÍA SALAZAR
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Ground Meat ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Low Levels

Eighty-eight samples of ground meat were randomly collected from retail stores in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico, and were analyzed for microbial contamination. Methods were those recommended by the Mexican regulation and/or the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Over 75% of the samples contained 105 total mesophilic microorganisms per g, and over 40% had 106 total coliforms per g. Fecal coliforms were present in most samples. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 2.3% of the samples, Salmonella spp. in 11.4%, Listeria spp. in 62%, and L. monocytogenes in 16%. Escherichia coli was detected in 76% of samples, but none was serotype O157:H7. Shigella spp. was not found in any sample. Fusarium spp. and Mucor spp. were detected in 3.4% of the samples, and low levels of yeast in 93%. The microbiological quality of the ground meat analyzed was unsatisfactory, and the product could be an important cause of food poisoning.

Single-stage Sequencing Batch Process for Producing Class A Biosolids from AD Effluent at Terminal Island Treatment Plant

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huub H.J. Cox ◽  
Steve Fan ◽  
Reza Iranpour
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Class A ◽  
Truck Loading ◽  
Train Operation ◽  
Plant Control ◽  
Class A Biosolids

Terminal Island Treatment Plant converted its digesters to thermophilic operation with the objective to comply with the U.S. EPA Part 503 Biosolids Rule requirements for Class A biosolids. The following processes were tested: a) single-stage continuous; b) two-stage continuous; c) single-stage sequencing batch. Salmonella sp. were always non-detect in digester outflows (&lt;3 MPN/4 g dry wt), whereas fecal coliform densities were usually below the Class A limit of 1000 MPN/g dry wt. However, the recurrence of fecal coliforms in post-digestion caused non-compliance with the Class A limit at the truck loading facility as the last point of plant control for compliance. After several design modifications of the post-digestion train, operation of the digesters as sequencing batch digesters according to the time-temperature requirement of Alternative 1 of the Part 503 Biosolids Rule achieved compliance for both Salmonella sp. and fecal coliforms at the last point of plant control (truck loading facility).

Microbiological performance and salmonella dynamics in a wastewater depuration pond system of southeastern spain

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Emparanza-Knörr ◽  
Francisco Torrella
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Village ◽  
Final Effluent

The Salmonella presence and the microbiological quality indicators, total and fecal coliforms and coliphages of E. coli C, have been studied in a overloaded wastewater lagoon system treating urban wastewatrers of the village of Guardamar del Segura (Alicante, Spain). Classical microbiological technology to detect salmonellae was used, including pre-enrichment, enrichment, selective media plating and biochemical and serological confirmation. Water was physicochemically characterized according to COD, SS, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. The selective migration step through Rappaport-Vassiliadis semisolid agar medium was essential for the consistent detection of Salmonella in the different lagoon effluents. Total and fecal coliform levels of up to 105-106 MPN/100 ml were detected in the final effluent. High coliphage concentrations of 103-104 pfu/ml were also found in the effluent waters. Salmonella was always detected in 100 ml samples and eventually reached an order of value of 103 MPN/100 ml. Total coliform reduction was higher in the anaerobic ponds whereas fecal coliforms were more efficiently eliminated in the facultative (mostly “anoxic”) lagoons. Coliphage reduction was higher in the facultative lagoons when compared to the anaerobic ponds. On many occasions, no reduction or eventual increment of the concentration of salmonellae was detected in the effluents from the anaerobic ponds compared to concentrations of the patohogen in the influent raw wasterwaters. The possibility exists for a capacity of Salmonella to multiply in the anoxic phase of the wastewater treatment, but the presence of microorganisms in raw sewage waters which could maskSalmonella detection with the enrichment methodology employed cannot be ruled out.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fecal Coliform Agar and Violet Red Bile Lactose Agar for Fecal Coliform Enumeration in Foods

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1631-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leclercq ◽  
C. Wanegue ◽  
P. Baylac
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
Hafnia Alvei ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plating Method ◽  
Mashed Potatoes

ABSTRACT A 24-h direct plating method for fecal coliform enumeration with a resuscitation step (preincubation for 2 h at 37 ± 1°C and transfer to 44 ± 1°C for 22 h) using fecal coliform agar (FCA) was compared with the 24-h standardized violet red bile lactose agar (VRBL) method. FCA and VRBL have equivalent specificities and sensitivities, except for lactose-positive non-fecal coliforms such as Hafnia alvei, which could form typical colonies on FCA and VRBL. Recovery of cold-stressed Escherichia coli in mashed potatoes on FCA was about 1 log unit lower than that with VRBL. When the FCA method was compared with standard VRBL for enumeration of fecal coliforms, based on counting carried out on 170 different food samples, results were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Based on 203 typical identified colonies selected as found on VRBL and FCA, the latter medium appears to allow the enumeration of more true fecal coliforms and has higher performance in certain ways (specificity, sensitivity, and negative and positive predictive values) than VRBL. Most colonies clearly identified on both media were E. coli and H. alvei, a non-fecal coliform. Therefore, the replacement of fecal coliform enumeration by E. coli enumeration to estimate food sanitary quality should be recommended.

A Prospective Study of Free Bilirubin and Other Risk Factors in the Development of Kernicterus in Premature Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy A. Ritter ◽  
John D. Kenny ◽  
H. James Norton ◽  
Arnold J. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Total Bilirubin Level ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Clinical Applicability ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
A Prospective Study

To assess the value of free bilirubin (FB) measurements in predicting kernicterus (KI) in sick premature infants, 91 newborns weighing less than 1,500 gm at birth were observed during the first week of life with twice daily FB and total bilirubin determinations. Autopsies were performed on 30 of the 53 infants who died. Seven had KI and 23 did not. There were no differences between infants with and without KI in the maximum FB level (KI 18.2 ± 4.5 [SEM] nm/liter, no KI 11.1 ± 0.9 nm/liter, P not significant) or the total bilirubin level (KI 7.3 ± 1.3 mg/100 ml, no KI 6.1 ± 0.5 mg/100 ml, P not significant). In fact, three kernicteric infants had very low maximum FB levels (&lt;10 nm/liter). These three infants had prolonged episodes of acidosis, hypoxemia, or hypothermia during the 24 hours preceding their maximum level of FB. Although elevated levels of FB may be predictive of KI in some infants, other factors may make the blood-brain barrier more permeable to low levels of FB. This may limit the clinical applicability of FB measurements.

scholarly journals Development and bacteriological, chemical and sensory characterization of fishburgers made of Tilapia minced meat and surimi

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1389-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C.R.P. Mello ◽  
M.Q. Freitas ◽  
S.C. São Clemente ◽  
R.M. Franco ◽  
E.B. Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Minced Meat ◽  
Sensory Tests

In this study fishburger samples obtained from tilapia minced meat and surimi retrieved from fillet frames - filleting process waste - have been assessed. Four different preparations of fishburger were made. Chemical analyses was performed for protein, lipids, moisture and ash assessments, as well as bacteriological analyses through mesophilic aerobic heterotrophic and psychrotrophic bacteria counts, isolation and identification of Salmonella spp., coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and fecal coliforms. Instrumental measurements were also carried out for texture and tested sensory acceptance. The costs of the ingredients used in the preparation of formulas were also assessed. Microbiological standards, established by current regulations, were met by all samples. No significant gap (P>0.05) was detected among the percentage of protein, moisture and ashes, while a significant gap (P<0.05) was verified for lipids. A significant gap (P<0.05) for the instrumental measurements of texture was also observed. Both surimi and minced meat fishburger presented good acceptance on sensory tests for taste, texture and overall impression. The use of smoked fish flavoring and surimi caused a considerable increase in costs due to ingredient acquisition. This study shows a positive result for the industrialization and consumption potential of fishburgers made of minced fish retrieved from fillet frames.

scholarly journals Tokat Bez Sucuğunun Mikrobiyolojik Kalitesinin İncelenmesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2683-2694
Author(s):  
Nesrin Kaval ◽  
Nilgün Öncül ◽  
Zeliha Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

In this study, the microbiological quality of traditionally produced Bez Sucuk in Tokat and its vicinity was investigated. For this purpose, 30 Bez Sucuk samples obtained from butchers, producers of Bez Sucuk, were analyzed for total count of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts-moulds, total coliform, fecal coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Cl. perfringens. Also, the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were investigated in all samples. pH and water activity of the samples were determined. As the result of the analysis, the counts of the microbiological parameters investigated were found as follows: total mesophilic aerobic bacteria 3.5×106-4.23×109 CFU/g, lactic acid bacteria 5.55×105-2.45×109 CFU/g, yeasts and moulds 2.50×103-6.90×109 CFU/g, total coliform

scholarly journals Influence of Seasonal Environmental Variables on the Distribution of Presumptive Fecal Coliforms around an Antarctic Research Station

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 4884-4891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Research Station ◽  
The Antarctic

ABSTRACT Factors affecting fecal microorganism survival and distribution in the Antarctic marine environment include solar radiation, water salinity, temperature, sea ice conditions, and fecal input by humans and local wildlife populations. This study assessed the influence of these factors on the distribution of presumptive fecal coliforms around Rothera Point, Adelaide Island, Antarctic Peninsula during the austral summer and winter of February 1999 to September 1999. Each factor had a different degree of influence depending on the time of year. In summer (February), although the station population was high, presumptive fecal coliform concentrations were low, probably due to the biologically damaging effects of solar radiation. However, summer algal blooms reduced penetration of solar radiation into the water column. By early winter (April), fecal coliform concentrations were high, due to increased fecal input by migrant wildlife, while solar radiation doses were low. By late winter (September), fecal coliform concentrations were high near the station sewage outfall, as sea ice formation limited solar radiation penetration into the sea and prevented wind-driven water circulation near the outfall. During this study, environmental factors masked the effect of station population numbers on sewage plume size. If sewage production increases throughout the Antarctic, environmental factors may become less significant and effective sewage waste management will become increasingly important. These findings highlight the need for year-round monitoring of fecal coliform distribution in Antarctic waters near research stations to produce realistic evaluations of sewage pollution persistence and dispersal.

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