Defoliation and growth, flowering, and production treatments in soursop trees

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Juan G. Cruz-Castillo ◽  
Arturo Cedeño-Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Lateral Branches

Interest in commercial production of soursop has increased recently in several countries of Tropical America. The work presented here deals with some aspects of the practice of defoliation and its relation to flowering and fruit production of soursop. Treatments used to evaluate defoliation were 1) control; 2) defoliation by hand; 3) potassium iodide at 1.5%; 4) Ethrel at 1500 mg/1; and 5) Ethrel at 2,000 mg/1. The sum of the growth of new lateral branches was significantly superior in all treatments compared to that of the control, with approximately 100 cm of new growth 9 months after treatment. Defoliation by hand and with Ethrel at 1500 and 200 mg/1 shifted formation of new flowers toward the region near the apex of branches. Total flower number 9 months after treatment was statistically superior in the treatments of defoliation by hand and by 1,500 mg/1 Ethrel, with 362 and 370 flowers, respectively. Total fruit production per year was significantly greater in the 1.5% potassium iodide treatment with 21 fruits/trees and a fruit weight at 15.27 kg.

scholarly journals 248 Influence of Early Rowcover Removal and Supported Rowcovers on Yield, Earliness, and Fruit Size of Strawberries Grown under Plasticulture

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 433F-434
Author(s):  
Peter Nitzsche ◽  
Joseph Fiola
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Late Frost ◽  
Early Production

Growers in Northern New Jersey are slowly adopting strawberry plasticulture as an improved production system. One advantage of the system is early fruit production. Early fruit usually brings high prices in the marketplace. With early production, however, there is an increased risk of a late frost damaging flowers and fruit. Removing floating rowcover winter protection earlier than flowering may cause strawberries to bloom later, reducing the risk of frost damage. Supporting the rowcovers above the crop with wire hoops may also provide better winter protection and improve fruit production. In 2 years of field trials, removing floating rowcovers 2 weeks before anticipated bloom reduced early yield and delayed the first harvest by 2 to 3 days. Total marketable yield and average fruit weight were not significantly influenced by early removal. Plants with rowcovers supported with wire hoops did not produce significantly greater total yields or average fruit weights than plants protected by unsupported rowcovers. The wire hoops caused damage to the rowcovers, which may make their use in commercial production impractical.

scholarly journals Morphological and Biochemical Diversity in Fruits of Unsprayed Rosa canina and Rosa dumalis Ecotypes Found in Different Agroecological Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8060
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ramazan Bozhuyuk ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Neva Karatas ◽  
Halina Ekiert ◽  
Hosam O. Elansary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Rosa Canina

The Rosa is one of the most diverse genera in the plant kingdom and, in particular, its fruits have been used for multiple purposes in different parts of the world for centuries. Within the genus, Rosa canina and Rosa dumalis are, economically, the most important species and dominate Rosa fruit production. In this study, some important fruit and shrub traits of ten Rosa canina and ten Rosa dumalis ecotypes collected from rural areas of Kars province, located in the east Anatolia region of Turkey were investigated. We found significant differences among ecotypes in most of the morphological and biochemical traits. The ecotypes were found between 1446–2210 m altitude. Fruit weight and fruit flesh ratio ranged from 2.95 g to 4.72 g and 62.55% to 74.42%, respectively. SSC (Soluble Solid Content), Vitamin C, total phenolic, total flavonoid, total carotenoid, and total anthocyanin content of the ecotypes ranged from 16.9–22.7%, 430–690 mg per 100 g FW (fresh weight), 390–532 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g FW, 0.88–2.04 mg per g FW, 6.83–15.17 mg per g FW and 3.62–7.81 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent per kg, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined to be between 19.7–34.7 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per g fresh weight. Rosa ecotypes contained chlorogenic acid and rutin the most as phenolic compound. Our results indicated great diversity within both R. canina and R. dumalis fruits.

scholarly journals Precision management of pollination services to blueberry crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cavigliasso ◽  
P. Negri ◽  
M. Viel ◽  
M. M. Graziani ◽  
C. Challiol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Precision Management ◽  
Fruit Productivity ◽  
Account Due ◽  
Pollination Systems ◽  
Large Groups

AbstractWhile the cultivated area of pollinator-dependent crops is increasing, pollinator availability is decreasing, leading to problems in many agroecosystems. For this reason, pollinator-dependent crop growers often rent beehives to support their pollination requirements to sustain fruit productivity. However, the efficiency of those pollination systems has not been extensively studied. Here, we compared the effect of “precision” pollination (i.e., application of pesticides coordinated with growers, audit of hives, dietary supplementation and individual distribution of hives) with conventional practices (i.e., pesticides applications without coordination with growers and no audit of hives, low maintenance of hives and hives distributed in large groups) on the mean level of pollination and fruit production and quality in blueberry crops. In nine blueberry fields, we measured bee visitation rate to flowers, fruit set, fruit firmness and fruit weight. On average, precision-pollinated plots had 70% more bee visits to flowers and produced 13% more fruits that were 12% heavier and 12% firmer than those obtained through conventional practices. These results showed that pollination efficiency could be improved if key management related to bee strength, distribution and health care are taken into account. Due to these results, we encourage growers and beekeepers to include precision pollination practices to both increase the productivity of blueberry fields and the wellbeing of honey bees within agroecosystems.

scholarly journals Influence of vineyard peach selections on vigour and initial yield in peach and nectarine

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordan Zec ◽  
Milica Fotiric-Aksic ◽  
Slavica Colic ◽  
Todor Vulic ◽  
Dragan Nikolic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Fruit Productivity ◽  
F1 Generation

Seedlings (progenies) of eight selected vineyard peach genotypes obtained by self and open pollination were examined in this study during three consecutive years. Two progenies from unselected vineyard peach genotypes with different geographic origin were used as a standard. Peach cv. Autumn Glo and nectarine cv. Stark Red Gold were grafted on F1 generation of eight vineyard peach selections and two standard progenies. Analysis of variance indicated statistically significant differences in vigour and fruit productivity between fruit trees grafted on different progenies of vineyard peach selections. A high correlation was found between rootstock vigour and fruit production of grafted cultivars. In addition, the principal component analysis made it possible to establish similar groups of rootstocks, depending on its influence to vigour, productivity and indexes of efficiency of grafted peach and nectarine cultivar. The most promising rootstocks for those two cultivars were PSK and 7S because grafted AG and SRG have high fruit weight, initial yields and very satisfactory rootstock, scion and canopy efficiency.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE VARIABILITY OF THE PRODUCTIVITY COMPONENTS IN A COLLECTION OF HOT PEPPER LANDRACES (CAPSICUM ANUUM VAR. MICROCARPUM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Emilian Madoşă ◽  
Lavinia Sasu ◽  
Sorin Ciulca ◽  
Constantin Avădanei ◽  
Adriana Ciulca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Hot Peppers ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
Western Romania

The aim of the research was to evaluate the variability value of the main characters that contribute to the achievement of plant production to a collection of hot pepper genotypes. The biological material was composed of 17 landraces of hot peppers collected from western Romania. The study was conducted for two years, with biometric measurements on the morphological characteristics of fruit production on the plant. Intra-population variability was assessed (mean, standard deviation of mean and coefficient of variability) and differences between populations for these characters. The results show that the variability within the collection is high. Within populations, fruit sizes (length, diameter) are uniform, but the number of fruits and their weight per plant show greater variability. Within the collection, variations in morphological characteristics are large, especially for fruit length, fruit weight, number and weight of fruit per plant. Among the landraces studied, some may be recommended for breeding programs, as parents or as material for the application of selection: for long fruits (Juliţa, Aldeşti I and Satchinez I), for short fruits (Satchinez III), but also the landraces Rieni III (17.07 g average weight of the fruit), Temerești II (89.82 fruits per plant), Aldești I (931.17 g fruits per plant).

scholarly journals Yield Performance of Six Lychee Cultivars Grown at Two Locations in Puerto Rico

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-753
Author(s):  
Ricardo Goenaga ◽  
David Jenkins ◽  
Angel Marrero
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
University Of Puerto Rico ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
The University ◽  
Lower Production

The globalization of the economy, increased ethnic diversity, and a greater demand for healthy and more diverse food production has increased the demand for tropical fruits. There is a lack of formal experimentation to determine yield performance and fruit quality traits of lychee (Litchi chinensis) cultivars. Six lychee cultivars (Bosworth-3, Brewster, Groff, Mauritius, Kaimana, Salathiel) grown on Mollisol and Inceptisol soils were evaluated for 8 years at the Adjuntas Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Puerto Rico (UPR-Adjuntas) and La Balear farm, Adjuntas, Puerto Rico, respectively. At UPR-Adjuntas and La Balear, cultivar Groff had a significantly higher production (257,296 fruit/ha) of total fruit than other cultivars, whereas Salathiel had the lowest. However, total fruit production of ‘Groff’ was not significantly different from ‘Kaimana’ and ‘Bosworth-3’at La Balear. At UPR-Adjuntas, cultivars Groff and Bosworth-3 had significantly higher number of marketable fruit than the rest of the cultivars averaging 171,760 fruit/ha. At La Balear, ‘Kaimana’ had a higher number of marketable fruit, but it was not significantly different from ‘Groff’, ‘Bosworth-3’, and ‘Mauritius’, averaging 291,360 fruit/ha. At both sites, individual fruit weight of marketable fruit was higher in ‘Kaimana’ than the rest of the cultivars. However, at La Balear, there were no significant differences between ‘Kaimana’ and ‘Mauritius’. At both locations, cultivars exhibited erratic production patterns, which were characterized by lower production during 1 or 2 successive years following heavy cropping. At current farm gate prices and fruit yield reported in this study, cultivars Groff, Bosworth-3, and Kaimana can generate a good income for growers, and allow them to diversify crops as part of their farm operations.

scholarly journals Effect of Paclobutrazol and NAA Application on Yield Attributing Characters of Jamun (Syzygium cuminii Skeels.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
V. Deepika ◽  
J. Rajangam ◽  
V. Swaminathan ◽  
K. Venkatesan ◽  
D. Janaki
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Indigenous Fruit ◽  
Indigenous Fruit Tree ◽  
Syzygium Cuminii

Jamun (Syzygium cuminii Skeels.) is the medicinally important indigenous fruit tree of India belongs to the Myrtaceae family. The antidiabietic properties of Jamun brought higher market demand which stimulates to increase the fruit production and also brought the off season concept for commercial exploitation by paclobutrazol application. An investigation was carried out to study the effect of paclobutrazol and NAA application on yield attributing characters of nine years old jamun trees during 2017-18. The various treatment combinations are paclobutrazol (PBZ - 0, 0.50, 1.0 and 1.5 g a.i. m-1 of canopy diameter) and foliar spray of NAA (0, 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm) application at different concentrations. The experiment results revealed that fruit length (2.87 cm), pulp – seed ratio (6.54), fruit weight (14.05 g), fruit retention (65.04 per cent) and yield (68.31 kg tree-1) were observed higher in the treatment combination of PBZ 1.0 g a.i. application with 75 ppm of NAA followed by PBZ 1.5 g a.i. application with 100 ppm of NAA and the lower values were registered in control. Jamun trees treated with paclobutrazol and NAA aided in early induction of enhanced flowering and yield attributing characters.

scholarly journals Particle Film Application Influences Apple Leaf Physiology, Fruit Yield, and Fruit Quality

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Michael Glenn ◽  
Gary J. Puterka ◽  
Stephen R. Drake ◽  
Thomas R. Unruh ◽  
Allen L. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Tree Fruit

Particle film technology is a developing pest control system for tree fruit production systems. Trials were performed in Santiago, Chile, and York Springs, Pa., Wenatchee and Yakima, Wash., and Kearneysville, W. Va., to evaluate the effect of particle treatments on apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh) Manst.] leaf physiology, fruit yield, and fruit quality. Leaf carbon assimilation was increased and canopy temperatures were reduced by particle treatments in seven of the eight trials. Yield and/or fruit weight was increased by the particle treatments in seven of the eight trials. In Santiago and Kearneysville, a* values of the fruit surface were more positive in all trials although a* values were not increased in Wenatchee and Yakima. Results indicate that particle film technology is an effective tool in reducing heat stress in apple trees that may result in increased yield potential and quality.

scholarly journals Hormonal Concentration and Growth in Chili Plants Inoculated with Several Mycorrhizal Fungus, Evaluated in Different Steps

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 832D-833
Author(s):  
Francisco Roman-García ◽  
María Patricia Yahuaca-Mendoza ◽  
Javier Farias-Larios ◽  
J. Gerardo López-Aguirre* ◽  
Sergio Aguilar-Espinosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Hormonal Concentration ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Hormonal Levels

The contribution of arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungus (AMF) on hormonal levels increase in chili plants, at different steps is currently unknown. In this experiment was evaluated the effect of Glomus sp. Zac-19, G. etunicatum and G. intraradices, inoculation mirasol and ancho cultivars, under greenhouse conditions. Plants were growing in pots containing 1 kg of substrate (3 sand: 1 soil ratio). The effect was measured on fresh fruit production and indolacetic acid, giberellin GA3 and 6-aminopurine concentration. Also plant parameters measured were: plant height, foliar area, stem diameter, root length, aerial fresh weight, total fresh weight, fruit weight and mycorrhizal colonization. All treatments were imposed using 16 replications in a full random design. Results shown that mycorrhizal colonization average of the three fungus was 44% in mirasol cultivar y 42% in ancho cultivar. Mycorrhizal colonization had an effect on growth and development in both cultivars, expressed in a greater height, leaf number, foliar area, total fresh weigh and fruit mass. Was registered an increase of 80% in the yield in inoculated plants respecting to control. Indolacetic acid and gibberellins concentration in shoots, were bigger in plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) than in control. The 6-aminopurine levels in roots of colonized plants by AMF shown higher values. These results suggest that AM fungi modify the hormonal concentration and some growth factors in chili plants.

scholarly journals Manipulation of Light Environment to Produce High-quality Poinsettia Plants

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego A. Mata ◽  
Javier F. Botto
Keyword(s):  
Light Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Transparent Film ◽  
Lateral Branches

The phytochromes, a family of photoreceptors that maximally absorb red (R) and far-red (FR) light, play an important role in defining the architecture of the plant and consequently its value in the market. In this work, we evaluated the manipulation of light quality as an alternative to the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to produce poinsettia plants (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch) without affecting commercial quality parameters. ‘Freedom Red’ poinsettia plants were cultivated in two light environments characterized by different R/FR ratios in combination with or without one application of PGR. We used a photoselective film that significantly reduced the FR component of the light and a transparent film to obtain high and low R/FR ratios (5.7 and 1.1, respectively). Plants cultivated under a high R/FR ratio were shorter and more compact than those grown under transparent film. Other quality characters like bract and leaf area, dry weight, stem diameter, number of lateral branches, and plant width did not differ significantly between light treatments. Flowering time was slightly delayed in plants grown under a high R/FR ratio compared with those cultivated under the control treatment. Additive effects were detected between light quality and PGR factors indicating that light quality manipulation is an alternative strategy to reduce or to replace the use of PGRs in commercial production systems that usually require several PGR applications.

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