scholarly journals Muslim Population in the Siberian Cities according to the Census of 1897

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Elena A. Brukhanova ◽  
Natalya V. Nezhentseva ◽  
Oksana I. Chekryzhova
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Community ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Occupational Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Processes of urbanization and modernization created preconditions for qualitative changes in the demographic, social and professional structure of the cities, as well as for the formation of specific socio-professional groups. Meanwhile the active region development contributed to the individual ethno-confessional communities and diasporas formation and institutionalization in cities. The main authors’ task in to identify the ways of forming and the role of the Muslim community in the Siberian cities, based on the analysis of aggregated and nominative materials of the First General Census of the Russian Empire in 1897. The use of census lists makes for the specificity and novelty of the study. On the one hand, the data allow to obtain the most complete list of Muslim persons who were in the cities at the time of the census; on the other hand, it helps to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the demographic, social and occupational characteristics of the Muslim population. We present the socio-demographic characteristics of Muslims who lived in Siberia at the late 19th century including the map of the Muslims’ location in the counties, as well as their number and gender composition in the Siberian cities. The general portrait of the Muslim in the Siberian cities was shaped based on the aggregated data of the 1897 census. The information taken from the census lists made it possible to surmise on about the formation of the Muslim community in individual cities, and to characterize the Muslim society structure in the Tobolsk province cities. The article is intended for specialists-historians, ethnographers, social anthropologists and a wide range of readers.

scholarly journals Entangling Lattice-Trapped Bosons with a Free Impurity: Impact on Stationary and Dynamical Properties

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Maxim Pyzh ◽  
Kevin Keiler ◽  
Simeon I. Mistakidis ◽  
Peter Schmelcher
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Entropy Measures ◽  
Particle Level ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Tunneling Dynamics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Trapped Bosons

We address the interplay of few lattice trapped bosons interacting with an impurity atom in a box potential. For the ground state, a classification is performed based on the fidelity allowing to quantify the susceptibility of the composite system to structural changes due to the intercomponent coupling. We analyze the overall response at the many-body level and contrast it to the single-particle level. By inspecting different entropy measures we capture the degree of entanglement and intraspecies correlations for a wide range of intra- and intercomponent interactions and lattice depths. We also spatially resolve the imprint of the entanglement on the one- and two-body density distributions showcasing that it accelerates the phase separation process or acts against spatial localization for repulsive and attractive intercomponent interactions, respectively. The many-body effects on the tunneling dynamics of the individual components, resulting from their counterflow, are also discussed. The tunneling period of the impurity is very sensitive to the value of the impurity-medium coupling due to its effective dressing by the few-body medium. Our work provides implications for engineering localized structures in correlated impurity settings using species selective optical potentials.

scholarly journals WEALTH AND INEQUALITY IN 18TH-CENTURY KASTAMONU: ESTIMATIONS FOR THE MUSLIM MAJORITY

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 46a-46a
Author(s):  
Boğač A. Ergene ◽  
Ali Berker
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Career Lines ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Economic Worth ◽  
The Military

This article measures wealth levels and inequalities among the Muslim population of 18th-century Ottoman Kastamonu by utilizing information found in estate inventories (terekes). Also developed is a quantitative methodology that can predict the economic worth of specific noneconomic markers of social, religious, and gender identity, including honorific titles, religious epithets, and occupational markers. Our calculations indicate that inequality among different segments of the Muslim community was pronounced. Men from higher echelons of the military and religious establishments, as well as individuals who carried the epithet “pilgrim” (elhac), were significantly wealthier than the rest of the society. At the same time, economic disparities cut across career lines and title/epithet-based distinctions among legators. Finally, the regression analysis introduced in this article reveals that wealth transfers across generations may have contributed greatly to overall wealth levels.

scholarly journals On the question of the functions and tasks of legal custom

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Marian Bedrii
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

The article researches the functions and tasks of legal custom based on historical experience and the current state of legal life.The view represents that law and culture functions are realized through legal custom, as it is an important element of these phenomena.At the same time, it is noted that legal custom is characterized by a separate catalog of functions and tasks that need to be studied. Theregulatory, explanatory, protective, defensive, inflectional, reconstitutive, ideological-educative, identification-communicative, antimonopoly,and legal-resource functions of legal custom are analyzed. The administrative and organizational components of the regulatoryfunction of legal custom are highlighted. The preventive and restrictive components of the protective function of legal custom are cha -racterized. It is substantiated that these functions are inextricably linked with the tasks of legal custom.Based on the analyzed functions, the following tasks of a legal custom are allocated: the legal regulation of social relations; cla -rification of provisions of the legislation, acts of law enforcement, texts of agreements, terms and symbolic actions; legal protection ofpublic goods and values; providing opportunities to protect rights and freedoms; stabilization of the legal system, its protection fromill-considered and risky transformations; reproduction of the acquired legal experience in new conditions; ensuring the flexibility of thelegal system; influence on the worldview of the individual and society in general; determining the affiliation of the subject to a parti -cular community and maintaining communication between its members; prevention of monopoly in the legal system of a normativelegal act or other sources of law; formation of material for the systematization of law.It is argued that legal custom, as a social phenomenon, evolving in the process of history, performed a wide range of functionsthat correlated with its tasks. Not every period, people, or locality is characterized by a full set of analyzed functions and tasks, but itis worth noting the possibility of their implementation by the legal custom in general, as evidenced by past experience and the currentstate of legal relations. The results of the research, on the one hand, complement the understanding of the nature of legal custom, andon the other – prove the feasibility of further use of this source of law in modern legal systems.

Body and Gender within the Stratifications of the Social Imaginary

Hypatia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Alice Pechriggl ◽  
Gertrude Postl
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
The Social ◽  
Creative Force ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gender Specific

Using the notion of a transfiguration of sexed bodies, this text deals with the stratifications of the gender-specific imaginary. Starting from the figurative—thus creative—force of the psyche-soma, its interaction with the configurations of a collective body will be developed from the perspectives of social philosophy and philosophy of history. At the center of my discussion is the interdependence between the individual psyche-soma, the socialized individual, and a collective bodily imaginary, on the one hand, and the strata of a gender imaginary on the other. The ontological metaphor (meaning the metaphor that brings about social modes of being) as well as the dimension of political action will be highlighted as playing a crucial role for these processes.

scholarly journals Formation and Development of Investigation of Misdemeanours as a Form of Pre-trial Investigation in Ukraine (the 18th–19th Centuries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Galagan ◽  
Mykola Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Modern Form

The article deals with the preconditions of differentiation of forms of pre-trial investigation in Ukraine in the 18th–19th centuries. The concept of investigation of misdemeanours as a form of pre-trial investigation at different stages of social development are considered. The base source of the Russian Empire is examined, with the aspects of using of the term “investigation of misdemeanours” in law enforcement practice thoroughly covered. It is established that this term at the legislative level and in the literary sources held for a long time is subject to transformation in terms of its functional direction. The paper offers a description of the study of the early stage of development and a comparison with the modern form of pre-trial investigation. It is established that at all stages of its development there is a common feature: the provision of a simplified order.The article presents the key differences between the knowledge at the early stage of its creation and the modern form of pre-trial investigation. However, the investigation of misdemeanours starts from the moment of the illegal act until the end of the pre-trial investigation. At first, this investigation of misdemeanours had few signs of research verification. The collected materials were examined by the proceedings and could not be determined by full evidence without appropriate “legalization” procedures. The investigation of misdemeanours had not clearly defined a procedural form and was not limited to specific deadlines, and depended almost entirely on the inner convictions of the individual who conducted this knowledge. In the legislation of the pre-revolutionary period, the investigation of misdemeanours should be carried out by a wide range of authorized persons (police ranks, military and civilian authorities, clergy, government officials, village elders, and others). The investigation of misdemeanours was carried out in everything without exception of crime, regardless of its severity at those times.It is proved that the modern model of pre-trial investigation represents the positive historical experience and the right opinion. Today we can observe a consistent procedure of the implementation of the exercise, a special circle of authorized persons, and the introduction of a balance of appropriate differentiation of forms of pre-trial investigation.

scholarly journals Military Concepts in the Russian Linguistic World Image (as in the case of " Warrior" Concept)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131-1138
Author(s):  
M. V. Pimenova ◽  
A. B. Bodrikov
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Russian Linguistic

The article features the cognitive signs of the warrior concept. The main representation of the concept is stylistically marked. The word warrior is often used in elevated style. In Russian culture, the army has always been a special estate that protects the people and the Russian lands. The concept warrior proved to have some structural peculiarities. It includes seven motivating signs in the structure of the concept: (battle) cry, army, conquest, hunting, desire / aspiration, target, dedication. Only four of them transformed with time and moved into the category of conceptual signs: army → warrior / defender / one who is fighting; desire / aspiration + goal + dedication → purposeful (person). The second group of the structure is formed by twenty conceptual signs: military, liberator, fighter, (military) employee, soldier, (experienced) in military affairs, warrior / defender / the one who fights, hero, protector, brave man, winner, squire, courageous / valiant (man), role model / example for imitation, responsible (man), purposeful (person), giving a debt to the country, ready for self-sacrifice / accomplishing a feat, participant in the war, patriot / devotee / loyal (Motherland / Fatherland / people). These cognitive characteristics show a wide range of functional manifestations of modern representations of military occupation. The special group includes figurative stereotypical and gender signs, since a warrior has always been a male hero in Russian linguistic culture. The stereotypes of Russian linguistic culture are connected with the military past of our people, with its heroic epos, tales, and legends. Symbolic signs make up a separate group. The structure of the studied concept includes sixteen symbolic signs, which are also connected with the history of the Russian people with its numerous wars and victories: gods and saints, (fraternal) graves of warriors, war veterans, eternal flame, (military) rituals, (military) units, banner, George the Victorious, coat of arms, hero cities, icons, awards (orders and medals, weapons), monuments (obelisks and columns), songs and marches, field, status Hero-city, temple.

scholarly journals To the history of the formation of the Iranian collections in the Russian Ethnographic Museum fund

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
L. S. Gushchian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Status ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One

The mechanisms of formation of the Iranian funds of the Russian Ethnographic Museum are analyzed in the article. The series of collections acquired at the beginning of the 20th century for this collection, indicates the relevant interest towards the multi-ethnic culture of Iran, in which female images, with an outstandingly exotic character for Europeans, have a special place. The accompanying archival materials of the collections, in particular, the correspondence between expeditionist-collector S.  Ter-Avetisyan, a student of the Imperial St. Petersburg university, and the curator of the museum K. Inostrantsev, demonstrate, on the one hand, the wide range of research programs of the orientalist s tudents at the beginning of the last century, and on the other, a researcher’s high status in the Russian Empire

scholarly journals Application of Order as Character Education in Santriwati Islamic Boarding School Jagad Alimussiry

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Eny Zubaidah
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Daily Schedule ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Education Process

Every institution has its own way or method of applying character education where the lessons of values, ethics, morals and religious teachings are the main focus. The boarding school has a different educational pattern than the one in general. At the Alimussirry World Boarding School, students have a set of rules that are used in practice in the daily schedule of students. The daily schedule of activities was a means of implementing the practice for the students under the supervision of the lodge managers. All activities have different areas of management to assist and supervise studentsCharacter education is not just about the young budding education process that is tapping into the formation of the school, it is also about the individual within the educational institution. Basically, in order to be a responsible individual in society, each individual must develop a wide range of potentials within himself, especially promoting morals that will serve as a guide for their role models within the institution.

scholarly journals Artistic Genius versus the Hanse Canon from the Late Middle Ages to the Early Modern Age in Tallinn

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Juhan Maiste
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Working Together ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Veil ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

In the article, the author examines one of the most outstanding andproblematic periods in the art history of Tallinn as a Hanseatic city,which originated, on the one hand, in the Hanseatic tradition andthe medieval approach to Gothic transcendental realism, and onthe other, in the approach typical of the new art cities of Flanders,i.e. to see a reflection of the new illusory reality in the pictures. Acloser examination is made of two works of art imported to Tallinnin the late 15th century, i.e. the high altar in the Church of the HolySpirit by Bernt Notke and the altarpiece of Holy Mary, whichwas originally commissioned by the Brotherhood of Blackheadsfor the Dominican Monastery and is now in St Nicholas’ Church.Despite the differences in the iconography and style of the twoworks, their links to tradition and artistic geography, which in thisarticle are conditionally defined as the Hanse canon, are apparentin both of them.The methods and rules for classifying the transition from theMiddle Ages to the Modern Era were not critical nor exclusive.Rather they included a wide range of phenomena on the outskirtsof the major art centres starting from the clients and ending with the semantic significance of the picture, and the attributes that wereemployed to the individual experiences of the different masters,who were working together in the large workshops of Lübeck, andsomewhat later, in Bruges and Brussels.When ‘reading’ the Blackheads’ altar, a question arises of threedifferent styles, all of them were united by tradition and the waythat altars were produced in the large workshops for the extensiveart market that stretched from one end of the continent to the other,and even further from Lima to Narva. Under the supervision ofthe leading master and entrepreneur (Hans Memling?) two othermasters were working side by side in Bruges – Michel Sittow, whowas born in Tallinn, and the Master of the Legend of Saint Lucywere responsible for executing the task.In this article, the author has highlighted new points of reference,which on the one hand explain the complex issues of attributionof the Tallinn Blackheads’ altar, and on the other hand, placethe greatest opus in the Baltics in a broader context, where, inaddition to aesthetic ambitions, both the client and the workshopthat completed the order, played an extensive role. In this way,identifying a specific artist from among the others would usuallyremain a matter of discussion. Tallinn was a port and a wealthycommercial city at the foregates of the East where it took decadesfor the spirit of the Renaissance to penetrate and be assimilated.Instead of an unobstructed view we are offered uncertain andoften mixed values based on what we perceive through the veil ofsemantic research.

Sub-Structure and Residual Stress in Rotary Swaged Cu/Al Clad Composite Wires

2020 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Lenka Kunčická ◽  
Radim Kocich
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Deformation Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Homogeneous Stress ◽  
Mutual Comparison ◽  
Prospective Application ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Composite Wires

This study investigated the prospective application of the advantageous intensive plastic deformation method of rotary swaging for production of Al-Cu composite wires. Such materials are perspective to be used within a wide range of commercial and industrial branches, from transportation to electrotechnics. Cu-Al laminated wires with two unique different stacking sequences were rotary swaged down to 5 mm diameter at room temperature to minimize the development of brittle intermetallics at the interfaces. The analyses primarily focused on the mutual comparison of both the stacking sequences (Al sheath reinforced with Cu wires vs. Al sheath and Al core reinforced with Cu inter-layer) from the viewpoints of mechanical properties, sub-structure development, and occurrence of residual stress. While the individual Cu wires exhibited bimodal structure and the presence of residual stress within the growing grains, the Cu inter-layer featured recrystallized grains and homogeneous stress distribution. The mechanical properties for both the composites were enhanced by the swaging technology; the composite reinforced with Cu wires exhibited slightly higher ultimate tensile strength than the one with Cu inter-layer (258 MPa vs. 276 MPa). However, the latter featured significantly higher plasticity.

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