TOURISM INDUSTRY AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: IMPACT AND CONSEQUENCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (201) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
A.G. Sarafanova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Sarafanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tourist Flow

The study aims to explore the relationship between the pandemic and the tourism industry. The emergence of infectious diseases is one of the consequences of tourism and mobility of citizens. The article examines the scientific research of foreign authors on the impact of epidemiological diseases on the tourism industry. The pricing strategies of travel companies caused by the policy of curbing the spread of coronavirus infection are analyzed. The authors cite some forms of adaptation of the tourism industry to the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic (in such countries as Costa Rica, Jamaica, the Republic of Fiji, Finland, Greece, Iceland, Israel, Japan, the UAE, China). A statistical analysis of the tourism development in the Russian Federation (the number of incoming and outgoing tourists, the number of hotels and similar accommodation facilities) was carried out. The COVID-19 pandemic has reoriented the outbound tourist flow to domestic destinations. The advantages of developing domestic trips in comparison with international ones regarding their role in the economic development of regions are presented. The pandemic has led to an inevitable surge in the use of digital technologies due to the norms of social distancing and nationwide restrictions. One of the most popular forms of technological applications in the tourism industry is virtual reality. The use of virtual reality can contribute to the creation of a new, more sustainable model of tourism. The article presents four scenarios for the recovery of world tourism, developed by the McKinsey Global Institute and the Oxford Institute of Economic Policy (Oxford Economics). The authors identified priority areas of transformation of the tourism industry in the post-pandemic period, including at the technological level.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF STATE SUPPORT MEASURES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN DURING THE CRISIS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (9(73)) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
A. Akhundova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
State Support ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The crisis situation associated with the spread of the coronavirus COVID-19 has had a significant impact on all areas of economic activity, including the development of tourism. According to the WTO, world tourism has returned to 1990 levels with a decrease in arrivals by 1 billion and a loss of about 1.1 trillion. US dollars. The spread of coronavirus infection has caused significant damage to the tourism sector of Azerbaijan, primarily the hotel business, the activities of tour operators and travel agencies. In this connection, this article examines the development of tourism in Azerbaijan during the period of exacerbation of COVID-19, discusses topical issues related to the impact of the pandemic on the economy of the tourism industry of the republic, examines a set of tasks and measures adopted by the state to mitigate the consequences of the crisis and revive tourism activities.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT TOURISM IN YOGYAKARTA

Pringgitan ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syaifulloh ◽  
Safor Mardianto
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Aviation Medicine ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Staying At Home

Tourism sector provides a significant contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Republic of Indonesia, both through foreign exchange and economic turnover. Although the Indonesian tourism industry after the COVID-19 pandemic has changed with an emphasis on green and clean products, it is hoped that this sector will be lessened by the community compared to the previous era. Research and development of VR has been carried out in various fields such as games, education, aviation, medicine, the application of VR in tourism is still common, there is a need to implement tourism while staying at home. The results of the systematic literature review conducted provide an explanation of the starting point for research by applying VR and making 3600 videos for industrial tourism. Keywords: Environmental Tourism, Virtual Tour, Virtual Reality, Video

Budgetary Regulation in the Context of Preventing the Consequences of the Spread of a New Coronavirus Infection in the Russian Federation

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-79
Author(s):  
R. V. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Budget System

The paper is devoted to the examination of issues related to the increasing importance of budgetary regulation for the proper functioning of a modern innovative society. The key role of the budgetary regulation in the financial process of the State is particularly acute in the context of systemic crises that include socio-economic consequences caused by the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Russia. In the course of the study, the features of changes in the state financial policy caused by the above-mentioned crisis phenomena are highlighted. The paper describes various approaches to the interpretation of the budgetary regulation as a category of financial law, explores various types and legal forms of methods of the budgetary regulation, analyses mechanisms and the impact of the State on the budget system through the existing legal structure of the budgetary regulation. It is determined that the rules of financial law governing the whole complex of public relations concerning the distribution and redistribution of the national product between the levels of the budget system of the Russian Federation constitute the institution of financial law, namely: the budgetary regulation. The author concludes that the approach based on the concentration of basic powers in the financial field at the federal level significantly slows down the dynamics of development of economic activity in the majority of regions of Russia, while the need for breakthrough innovative development of Russian society determinates the expansion of long-term tax sources of income for regional budgets. In this regard, it is proposed to consolidate additional regulation for revenues gained by regional and local budgets in the form of targeted deductions from federal taxes on a long-term basis.

Religion and Politics in Contemporary Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ateş Altınordu
Keyword(s):  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Political Incorporation ◽  
Turkish Politics ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
Islamic Parties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Religion and secularism have been central threads in Turkish politics throughout the history of the republic. This chapter focuses on three important aspects of the relationship between religion and politics in contemporary Turkey. First, it explores the political functions of the Directorate of Religious Affairs (Diyanet), a government agency that has served as the primary means for the implementation of the religious policies of the Turkish state. Second, it investigates the relations between Islamic communities, political parties, and the state and argues that the distinction between official and unofficial Islam that has informed much of the work on the Turkish religious field must be strongly qualified. Finally, the author focuses on the trajectory of political Islam in Turkey, critically reviewing the literature on the rise, political incorporation, and authoritarian turn of Islamic parties. The conclusion emphasizes the need for studies investigating the impact of politics on religiosity in Turkish society.

ON THE EXTREMAL DEPENDENCE COEFFICIENTS OF GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTIONS

Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
S. E. Khrushchev
Keyword(s):  
Close Correlation ◽  
Gaussian Copula ◽  
Marginal Distributions ◽  
Gaussian Distributions ◽  
Extremal Dependence ◽  
Zero Values ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The paper considers a way to represent the relationship between indicators in the form of copulas. Copulas are popular mathematical tools. This is due to the fact that, on the one hand, the marginal distributions of indicators are divided in the copulas, and on the other hand, the structure of the relationship between these marginal distributions is divided, which makes it  possible to very effectively study the connections that arise in real  populations. Special attention in the work is paid to extremal dependence coefficients - important numerical characteristics of the connection in conditions of extreme small or extremely large values of indicators. It is shown that even under conditions of close correlation between the indices for a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution, the lower and upper coefficients of the extreme dependence take zero values. This indicates the impossibility of predicting the values of one indicator when fixing too small or too large values of another indicator. This work shows that the relationship between the number of COVID-19 coronavirus infections per 100,000 people and the number of deaths from COVID-19 coronavirus infection per 100,000 people in the regions of the Russian Federation can be represented in the form of a Gaussian copula.

scholarly journals The Empirical Test on the Impact of Climate Volatility on Tourism Demand: A Case of Japanese Tourists Visiting Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3569
Author(s):  
Yun Hwang ◽  
Hyung Kim ◽  
Cheon Yu
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Test ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Volatility Index ◽  
Tourism Resource ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

As climate is not only a valuable tourism resource but also a factor influencing travel experience, estimating climate volatility has implications for sustainable development of the tourism industry. This study develops the Climate Volatility Index (CVI) using a Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model and estimates the relationship between CVI and Japanese tourism demand in Korea, using a tourism demand model based on monthly data from January 2000 to December 2013. Possible time lags and multicollinearity among variables are considered for the model specification. The results show that an increase in climate volatility leads to a decrease in tourism demand.

scholarly journals EQUALITY, THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT AND CUSTOMER-SEGMENT PRICING STRATEGIES: IS THERE RELIEF FOR THE POOR RICH TOURIST?

Obiter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Tait ◽  
Madéle Tait
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
National Park ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Price Differentiation ◽  
Consumer Protection Act ◽  
Customer Segment ◽  
The Republic

The year 2010 is Soccer World Cup year in South Africa. From watching the press and other media it quickly becomes apparent that this event is perceived as something of a cash cow to be used (and sometimes even abused) to generate maximum profit for certain industries and its businesses. Complaints have been made about airlines and accommodation establishments hiking prices excessively. The tourism industry has been warned about the negative impact such exorbitant prices may have on tourism in the future as South Africa may no longer be considered as a value-for-money destination. The hiking of prices is based on an anticipated increase in demand for certain services and products caused by the expected influx of soccer tourists. Businesses world-wide employ different pricing strategies to try and optimize revenue. One such pricing strategy that is employed is to differentiate between citizens and foreign nationals when charging for a service or product. This strategy in the context of the tourism industry is the focus of this note. Whilst the tourist is visiting South Africa s/he may want to visit some attractions and it is often at these places that an interestingsituation can be observed. International tourists have to pay one price whereas citizens pay a reduced price. For instance, a visit to the website of the Addo Elephant National Park reveals that SANParks asks different prices – for South African citizens and residents R30 per day visit, SADC nationals R60 per day visit, and foreign visitors R130 per day visit to the Addo Elephant National Park. Similar price differentiation is employed by private businesses as well. Other jurisdictions in Africa also make use of similar customer-segment pricing strategies. The Ugandan Wildlife Authority differentiates between admission fees for foreign non-residents and East-Africans to protected areas such as Lake Mburo and the Semuliki National Park. The Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (hereinafter “the CPA”), once operational, will prohibit the charging of different prices for any goods or services to any persons or category of persons on the basis of one or more of the grounds of unfair discrimination contemplated in section 9 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution) or Chapter 2 of the Promotion of Equality and the Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 (hereinafter “the Equality Act”), amongst others. Does this mean that suppliers of services and products to tourists who differentiate in the prices asked between citizens and non-citizens will fall foul of this provision of the CPA? This is the question this note will endeavour to answer.

scholarly journals Length of productive life the cows of Simmental breed

2021 ◽  
Vol 213 (10) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
L. Ignat'eva ◽  
A. Sermyagin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The purpose of the research was to assess the duration of the length of productive life of Simmental cows. Methods. The research was carried out on Simmental cows bred in 14 regions of the Russian Federation, the total livestock was 8 832 heads. The calculation of the heritability coefficients and correlation (genetic and paratypic) was carried out by using the programs RENUMF90 and REMLF90. Results. A fairly strong relationship was established between the duration of a productive life (months) and the age of culling (lactations) r = +0.795, the length of productive life (months) and lifetime productivity within the range of +0.669…+0.714. However, the relationship between the age of culling (lactations) and lifetime productivity is moderate, from +0.261 to +0.316. A moderate negative relationship was obtained between the age of culling (lactations) and milk yield per first lactation from –0.472 to –0.486. The average relationship was found between milk yield per first lactation and lifetime productivity from +0.567 to +0.588. Cows of the Altai Territory (3.08 lactations or 61.6 months), the Republic of Mordovia (3.38 lactations or 62.4 months) and the Lipetsk region (3.40 lactations or 65.7 months) were distinguished by low age of culling. While the greatest length of productive life was noted in animals and Bryansk (5.48 lactations or 86.9 months) and Irkutsk regions (4.57 lactations or 77.1 months). Bryansk (23 630 kg of milk), Tyumen (18 156 kg) and Irkutsk (17 751 kg) regions occupied the leading positions in lifetime productivity of cows in the sample, while the outsiders were the regions of traditional cattle breeding - Altai Territory (12658 kg of milk), the Republic of Bashkiria (12 482 kg). Scientific novelty. For the population Simmental cattle of the Russian Federation, for the first time, an assessment of selection and genetic parameters of lifelong productivity and length of productive life of Simmental cows was carried out, depending on the breeding region.

scholarly journals Технологическая оценка сорта винограда Первенец Магарача для коньячного производства

2019 ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
Olga Chursina ◽  
Ludmila Legasheva ◽  
Victor Zagoruyko
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Volatile Impurities

В статье представлены результаты исследования физико-химических и биохимических показателей винограда, компонентов ароматобразующего комплекса виноматериалов и молодых коньячных дистиллятов, выработанных из сорта винограда Первенец Магарача селекции Института «Магарач», произрастающего в Республике Крым, для его технологической оценки. Показано, что сорт обладает достаточно высоким потенциалом и удовлетворяет всем требованиям для производства качественной продукции. Среди характерных свойств винограда важное технологическое значение имеют низкие показатели способности к отдаче фенольных веществ, массовой концентрации фенольных веществ в сусле и склонности их к окислению. Установлена взаимосвязь между биохимическими показателями винограда и основными группами летучих примесей виноматериала и дистиллята. Выявлены особенности состава основных летучих компонентов коньячных виноматериалов и молодых коньячных дистиллятов, характеризующихся повышенной долей высших спиртов и пониженным содержанием средних эфиров. Проведенные исследования являются этапом научно обоснованного формирования сырьевой базы коньячного производства Российской Федерации.The article summarizes study findings on physico-chemical and biochemical parameters of grapes, aroma-building complex components of base wines and young brandy distillates produced from ‘Pervenets Magaracha’ grapes of the Institute Magarach breeding grown in the Republic of Crimea. The study was conducted to assess suitability of the cultivar for brandy production. It has been demonstrated that the cultivar possesses sufficiently high potential and meets all the requirements for the production of quality products. Among grape characteristics, low rates of phenolic substances release, mass concentration of phenolic substances in the must and low susceptibility to oxidation are the ones essential for production. The relationship was established between the biochemical parameters of grapes and the principal groups of volatile impurities of the wine material and distillate. Composition peculiarities of the main volatile components of brandy wine materials and young brandy distillates characterized by higher fraction of higher alcohols and low content of medium esters were determined. The conducted studies are a step in the evidence-based formation of brandy production data base in the Russian Federation.

Intra-national diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srecko Stamenkovic ◽  
Biljana Ratkovic Njegovan ◽  
Maja S. Vukadinovic
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Interactional Justice ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of organizational justice on the ethical climate in organizations in Serbia.Design/methodology/approachIn the study, 3,413 employees participated whose task was to assess the dimensions of organizational justice (procedural, distributive and interactional) as well as the dimensions of ethical climate (egoism, benevolence and principle).FindingsThe obtained results show that the dimensions of organizational justice are significant predictors of dimensions of ethical climate. The dimension of distributive justice significantly predicts the dimensions of egoism and principle, while the dimensions of procedural and interactional justice significantly predict the dimensions of benevolence and principle. Concerning the structure of the relationship between dimensions of organizational justice and ethical climate, the results also showed that there is intra-national diversity depending on the region of the Republic of Serbia where the organization operates. Ethical climate based on maximization of personal interest is more connected to economically more developed regions with a larger population, while ethical climate based on duties related to norms, laws, rules and policies characterizes less developed regions with a smaller population.Originality/valueIn the context of contemporary Serbian business surrounding, the obtained results are discussed regarding the possibilities for improvement of ethical climate, which should be accompanied and supported by the positive impact of organizational justice.

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