Knowledge and practical experience of the population in providing first aid

Background. Timely and competent provision of first aid impacts death prevention in an emergency. A significant part of emergencies involves people without medical education. The purpose. To measure self-esteem and real knowledge of the population about first aid provision. Material and methods. The study was conducted using the street polling method (CAPI, 800 residents), the sample represented the Moscow population by gender, age (18+), district. Results. 66% of respondents note a lack of awareness of the rules of first aid, 25% note a complete lack of knowledge. Greater confidence in knowledge is shown by respondents who have completed specialized courses, as well as training at work. 30% of the respondents had experience in helping relatives or bystanders. In cases of respiratory and circulatory arrest, assistance was provided even by those respondents who do not know how to provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Most of the respondents (87%) were able to name emergency phone numbers, but a third of the respondents made significant mistakes. The respondents do not seek to get additional education, as only 58% want to undergo training including 39% who immediately said that they «have no time for it». Discussion. The study showed insufficient levels of competence gained from the available sources of information, both in terms of confidence in gained knowledge and real knowledge. This correlates with other studies. The older population is one of the most “vulnerable” groups in terms of competence. Conclusion. The research data can be used to improve the information policy on this issue.

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The Influence of Friends on Teen Vaping: A Mixed-Methods Approach

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136784 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6784

Author(s):

Allison L. Groom ◽

Thanh-Huyen T. Vu ◽

Robyn L. Landry ◽

Anshula Kesh ◽

Joy L. Hart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Peer Influence ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Online Survey ◽

Strong Association ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Common Source ◽

Sources Of Information

Vaping is popular among adolescents. Previous research has explored sources of information and influence on youth vaping, including marketing, ads, family, peers, social media, and the internet. This research endeavors to expand understanding of peer influence. Our hypothesis is that friends’ influence on teen vapers’ first electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use varies by demographic variables and awareness of ENDS advertising. In August–October 2017, youth (n = 3174) aged 13–18 completed an online survey to quantify ENDS behaviors and attitudes and were invited to participate in follow-up online research in November-December 2017 to probe qualitative context around perceptions and motivations (n = 76). This analysis focused on the ENDS users, defined as having ever tried any ENDS product, from the survey (n = 1549) and the follow-up research (n = 39). Among survey respondents, friends were the most common source of vapers’ first ENDS product (60%). Most survey respondents tried their first ENDS product while “hanging out with friends” (54%). Among follow-up research participants, the theme of socializing was also prominent. ENDS advertising and marketing through social media had a strong association with friend networks; in fact, the odds of friends as source of the first vaping experience were 2 times higher for those who had seen ENDS ads on social media compared with other types of media. The influence of friends is particularly evident among non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics/Latinos, those living in urban areas, those living in high-income households, those with higher self-esteem, and those who experiment with vaping. These findings support the premise that peer influence is a primary social influencer and reinforcer for vaping. Being included in a popular activity appears to be a strong driving force.

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Custom Fusion Methode Based on Borda

International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering Science & IT (iJES) ◽

10.3991/ijes.v4i3.6300 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Issam Abdelbaki ◽

El habib Benlahmar ◽

El Houssine Labriji

Keyword(s):

Information Search ◽

Information Access ◽

User Profile ◽

The Internet ◽

Fusion Method ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

Know How ◽

Multiple Domains ◽

The Web

Searching for information on the Internet is not only an activity newly rediscovered, but also a strategic tool to achieve a wide variety of information. Indeed, it’s extremely important to know how to find the information quickly and efficiently. Unfortunately, the Web is so huge and so little structured, that gathering precise, fair and useful information becomes an expensive task. In order to define an information retrieval tool (meta search engine) that brings together multiple sources of information search, interest must be credited to the merger phase of search engines results. On the other hand, information search systems tend primarily to model the user with a profile and then to integrate it into the information access chain, to better meet its specific needs. This paper presents a custom fusion method based on Borda method and values retrieved from the user profile. We evaluated our approach on multiple domains and we present some experimental results.

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‘Mangaldeep’: Spreading Fragrance in India

South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases ◽

10.1177/2277977916634253 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 108-115

Author(s):

Bijoylaxmi Sarmah ◽

Zillur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Turning Point ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Know How ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Societal Needs ◽

To Come ◽

Societal Problems ◽

Almost All ◽

Corporate Social ◽

Indian Tobacco

This case highlights Indian Tobacco Corporation (ITC)’s journey from being a pure leaf tobacco selling company to a reputed conglomerate with popular brands in diversified areas. ITC’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability activities taking a turning point with the company taking an immense interest in integrating societal problems in its company’s policies and strategies. These transformations can be seen in almost all the business divisions of ITC. Mangaldeep division, an incense stick division is not an exception to this change. However, the authors are trying to analyze the activities of ITC–Mangaldeep Business unit from different perspectives such as CSR, sustainability and shared value initiatives. Considering the resource constraint and the demand to meet the societal needs, it will be quite interesting to know how both these two challenges are met by a conglomerate like ITC simultaneously in the days to come. The case uses both primary and secondary sources of information to develop this teaching case.

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CO2Laser Cutting, 2nd Edition, John Powell. 1998. Springer-Verlag. 248 pp. $79.95. ISBN 1-852-33047-3.

Laser and Particle Beams ◽

10.1017/s0263034600214122 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 715-717

Author(s):

Alexander F.H. Kaplan

Keyword(s):

Laser Cutting ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Practical Experience ◽

Job Shops ◽

Power Laser ◽

Laser Materials ◽

Widespread Application ◽

Know How ◽

Highly Active ◽

Technical Director

This book treats the most widespread application of high-power laser materials processing, that is, CO2 laser cutting. Although called CO2 laser cutting, most of the content of the book is also valid for cutting with other lasers such as Nd:YAG or Cu Vapor lasers. The technology is described in a very useful style by emphasizing practical aspects and by replacing highly scientific phrases by clear, illustrative explanations. Nevertheless, this guide through the complex field of laser cutting is accompanied by critical physical explanations throughout the whole book. It should be emphasized that Dr. Powell is the technical director of two job shops on laser cutting, but has also been highly active in science for many years. This ideal combination of practical experience with scientific know-how is reflected throughout the whole book by highlighting the practical aspects of laser cutting, often accompanied by very critical scientific explanations. It should be noted that the present second edition of the book differs from the first edition, printed in 1993, only by several pages that had to be updated according to the state of the art.

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The Social and Vocational Integration of Former Users of the Child Protection System in Romania: A Qualitative Study

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11123306 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3306

Author(s):

Dănuț Bălăuță ◽

Alexandru Neagoe ◽

Marius Vasiluță Ștefănescu ◽

Ovidiu Florin Toderici

Keyword(s):

Child Protection ◽

Independent Living ◽

Research Method ◽

Social Sustainability ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Protection System ◽

Family Type ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

The Social

The social and vocational integration of vulnerable groups is an important aspect of social sustainability. Former users of the residential child protection system represent such a group. The purpose of our research was to investigate the social and vocational integration of individuals raised in the child protection system in Romania. Their experiences during and after their time in residential care are analyzed. The research sample was composed of 23 interviewees (18 male and 5 female) with an average age of thirty-five at the time of the interview (SD = 7.49). Our research method was a qualitative one, based on a semi-structured interview. The results paint a generally bleak image of life in such institutions, both before the fall of communism in Romania in December 1989 and subsequently. In addition, the respondents’ transition from institutional life to independent living was full of challenges. Nevertheless, most of the respondents have demonstrated a remarkable level of resilience, based on factors such as education, self-esteem, work, a life partner and the ability to acquire new skills. As a general conclusion, our study has shown that a sustainable social development plan should include social policies which strive for the de-institutionalization of the child protection system by preventing the separation of children from their biological families or, where necessary, by finding family-type solutions for children in difficulty. If institutional childcare is to continue, it must be accompanied by consistent efforts to prepare these children for their transition to independent living.

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The imf and Protection of Vulnerable Groups

Nordic Journal of International Law ◽

10.1163/15718107-08902001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 209-243

Author(s):

Viljam Engström

Keyword(s):

International Economic ◽

Human Rights ◽

Present Article ◽

International Monetary Fund ◽

Policy Making ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Human Rights Law ◽

Know How ◽

The International Monetary Fund ◽

The Imf

The concept of vulnerability serves to focus protection on those most in need. While prominent in human rights law, protection of vulnerable groups is also increasingly invoked by international economic/financial actors such as the International Monetary Fund (imf). The present article explores how vulnerability enters imf policymaking. The article looks for points of contact of imf practice, with a human rights-based conception of vulnerability. The aim of the article is not to revisit the discussion on human rights accountability of the imf. Instead, the article seeks to identify and analyse the function of vulnerability in the policy-making of the Fund. The protection of vulnerable groups, the article claims, is gradually constituted as part of the law of the imf. For this reason alone, it is of importance to know how vulnerability enters imf policy-making and whom the imf considers vulnerable. Moreover, the imf also becomes a source for the identification of vulnerable groups.

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Mediators and Moderators of Reinforced Self-Affirmation as a Method for Reducing the Memory Misinformation Effect

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666707 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Malwina Szpitalak ◽

Romuald Polczyk

Keyword(s):

Sense Of Self ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Misinformation Effect ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Witness Testimony ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Forensic Psychologists ◽

External Sources ◽

The Impact ◽

Memory Confidence

The misinformation effect occurs when an eyewitness includes information in his or her account that is incongruent with the event he or she witnessed, and stems from being exposed to incorrect external sources. This is a serious threat to the quality of witness testimony and to the correctness of decisions reached by courts. However, few methods have been developed to reduce the vulnerability of witnesses to misinformation. This article presents such a method, namely, reinforced self-affirmation (RSA), which, by increasing memory confidence of witnesses, makes them less inclined to rely on external sources of information and more on their own memory. The effectiveness of this method was confirmed in three experiments. It was also found that memory confidence, but not general self-confidence, is a mediator of the impact of RSA on misinformation effect (ME), and that contingent self-esteem and feedback acceptance, but not sense of self-efficacy or general self-esteem, are moderators of this impact. It is concluded that RSA may be a promising basis for constructing methods, which can be used by forensic psychologists in real forensic settings.

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Knowledge and Risk Perception of Vulnerable Women on Zika Virus Infection at Primary Health Care Level in Brazil

10.21203/rs.3.rs-80053/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Claudia Garcia Serpa Osorio-de-Castro ◽

Cláudia Du Bocage Santos-Pinto ◽

Clarice Antunes de Lima ◽

Elaine Silva Miranda

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Perception ◽

Low Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knowledge And Beliefs ◽

Data Collection Instrument

Abstract BackgroundThe ZIKV infection outbreak in Brazil surged from late 2014, peaking in 2015. Vulnerable low-income groups, with inadequate housing conditions or sanitation were most affected by ZIKV-related neurologic syndrome. We aim to detect basal knowledge and beliefs, as well as knowledge gaps among vulnerable women.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in two low-income urban community settings: a small municipality in the Center West with few ZIKV infection cases and a large municipality in the Southeast hard-hit by the epidemic. We developed an open-ended data collection instrument centered on awareness of ZIKV infection, sources of information, possible causes, symptoms, risk perception and consequences for pregnant women, and applied it to vulnerable women after informed consent. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and content coded for thematic analysis.ResultsSeventy-nine women responded. The majority had some knowledge of the disease, its causes and consequences but distanced themselves from ZIKV infection. Health services in both communities did not respond adequately and did not contribute to communicate risk for women and children. ConclusionsIn an uncertain future scenario as to reemergence of disease, we propose that awareness will be diminished and acquired knowledge lost. This is a great public health challenge that must be overcome to prepare both vulnerable groups and the health system for public health emergencies.

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Practical Pediatric Dermatology

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.19.3.540 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 540-540

Author(s):

MARION B. SULZBERGER

Keyword(s):

Skin Diseases ◽

Practical Experience ◽

Infants And Children ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Pediatric Dermatology ◽

Know How ◽

Modern Textbook ◽

In Infants And Children

In view of his inevitable daily encounters with skin diseases, it is axiomatic that every pediatrician should possess and know how to use at least one modern textbook devoted to dermatology; and here is a modern text written expressly for pediatricians by an experienced dermatologist. Dr. Leider has succeeded in his objective and has compressed into 433 pages a wealth of practical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases in infants and children.

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Seizures: Management in children

British Journal of Child Health ◽

10.12968/chhe.2020.1.1.20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

Edward Luff

Keyword(s):

Antiepileptic Drugs ◽

Community Setting ◽

First Aid ◽

School Nurses ◽

Initial Management ◽

Know How ◽

Emergency Medication ◽

And Control ◽

Term Management

Epilepsy is a common neurological condition and one that school nurses are likely to deal with due to its prevalence in the population. It is therefore important to know how to manage a child having a seizure in the community. Having an appreciation of the long-term management with antiepileptic drugs to try to prevent and control seizures is useful. Children suffering from epilepsy may experience a seizure at any time, often without warning, so an understanding of the correct first aid measures and the use of emergency medication is key. It is also important to know when further medical help is required as well as when it may not be. This article will give a brief overview of the management of seizures in children, covering both prevention and initial management in the community setting.

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