scholarly journals SACKING OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENTS IN PAKISTAN: A CRITICAL REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Summer Sultana ◽  
Nuzhat Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Definition Of

A commonly accepted definition of the democracy is; “Rule of the majority by the supreme power vested in the people and exercised by them directly”. The democratic government may remain in power until and unless people repose the confidence over it. In Pakistan the main reason of failure of the democracy is that, it is generally against the social behavior of Pakistan. Just because of this the democracy could not come around in Pakistan, yet people cannot be incriminated for the same. The history is witnessed that Pakistani people had supported all social movements having collective ambitions but unluckily after freedom no political party or leadership was available to Pakistanis which could do something for them. Soon after freedom bureaucrats had prevalence in the government due to this the overall control remained in the hands of Governor General or non-representatives. So, democratic institutions could not attain freedom from them. Undoubtedly from the beginning the Pakistan Army attained a dominating role in the system of government and in the field of politics and during the last 60 years they remained in rule for more than a half of the tenure and the political governments were never allowed to take any step freely. In the current scenario Pakistan should have to pass through a democratic way which was stopped by the Armed forces and bureaucracy by adopting different means.

23 Art. 21 GG: Political Parties

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bumke Christian ◽  
Voßkuhle Andreas
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
State Financing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Private Financing ◽  
Party State

This chapter considers the relevant provisions of Art. 21 of the Grundgesetz (GG) with regard to political parties. Art. 21 GG does not define the term ‘political party’ and provides only a description of its function, which is ‘to participate in the formation of the political will of the people’. There are two conceptions of political party in the literature: the model of the ‘party state’ and the model of ‘party competition’. Political parties display the elements described in both models. The chapter first examines the Federal Constitutional Court's jurisprudence concerning the definition of ‘party’ before discussing the constitutional freedom to found and organise parties, prohibition of parties, competition between political parties and equality of opportunity among parties, and party financing (private financing and state financing).

scholarly journals The Role of Political Parties in SBY's Era of Leadership Period 2004-2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Ishaq Rahman ◽  
Elyta Elyta
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
The Political ◽  
Parliamentary System ◽  
The People ◽  
Presidential System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many

ABSTRACT A country that implements the system as mentioned earlier is more towards an authoritarian system of government which aims to dominate and dominate the power of the state towards the people. Democracy cannot survive from such a closed state. In a basic concept of democracy, there is a fundamental principle, namely the principle of sovereignty of the people who run the government.Political communication is one of the many roles played by political parties in various available arrangements. The political party is required to communicate knowledge, issues and political thoughts.Constitutionally, the Government adopts a Presidential System in which the ministers in the cabinet are responsible to the president. But in practice the SBY-JK administration is more of a Parliamentary System. Keywords: political parties, democracy, SBY government

POLITICAL LIBERTY: WHO NEEDS IT?

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Liberty ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Bases ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis paper concerns the question of whether the political liberties tend to be valuable to the people who hold them. (In contrast, we might ask whether the liberties are valuable in the aggregate or are owed to people as a matter of justice, regardless of their value.) Philosophers have argued that the political liberties are needed or at least useful to lead a full, human life, to have one's social status and the social bases of self-respect secured, to make the government responsive to one's interests and generate preferred political outcomes, to participate in the process of social construction so that one can feel at home in the social world, to live autonomously as a member of society, to achieve education and enlightenment and take a broad view of the world and of others' interests, and to express oneself and one's attitudes about the political process and current states of affairs. I argue that for most people, the political liberties are not valuable for these reasons.

scholarly journals Instruments to measure the successfulness of political parties

2005 ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Uros Suvakovic
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
The Political ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Local Leadership ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Basic Goal ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Social sciences should always aim to reach the highest possible level of exactness, as much as they can when one has in mind their topic of research. In the case of research about political parties, we believe that it is possible - with relatively exract indicators - to establish their successfulness and quantify it by using two measuring instruments: the ten-member graphic scale of successfulness of political parties and the index of successfulness of political parties. Political parties are political organizations of ideological-political like(similar)-minded persons who create associations lasting relatively long period of time to promote specific programme standpoints with the basic goal to win, that is stay in power or participate in power. Through power, they realize and confirm the interests, values and goals of those social groups which they tend to represent, as a rule trying to present these interests, values and goals as general, that is as global as possible. This definition of the notion of political party clearly indicates that its basic goal is winning, that is staying or at least participating in power. Therefore, to measure the successfulness of political parties means to determine the degree a party succeeded in realizing that basic goal of any party. Since the political power is implemented through the parliament and the government is a product of the power relations in it, one could assume that successful political parties are only those which have a parliamentary status. How much one of them would be successful depends on the position it can ensure for itself in a concrete constellation of political relations. Among the successful ones the least successful is the political party which has a parliamentary status but it is in the opposition and not leading this opposition - so it has no influence on the government (the position 6 on the scale); the most successful party is the one which has enough power to form the government alone (position 10). From the standpoint of any party - winning, staying or participating in power, the nonparliamentary parties are unsuccessful political parties. Amnog them, the most unsuccessful is the party which just satisfied the conditions for registration, whose leaders meet twice a year and which formed at least 5 local leadership bodies (the position 1 on the scale); the least unsuccessful political party is the party which won more than 3% of the votes of those who voted at the parliamentary elections, but is below the census proposed for entering the parliament or which managed to nominate at least 10% of the total number of the candidates for the representatives in the assemblies of the local communities at the municipal rank (position 5). While calculating the index of successfulness, each party is given a number of points for every year - these points reflect the position of that party on the scale of successfulness for that year (for example, the party X has the position 5 in 1993 and it gets 5 points). Since the index of successfulness is calculated for the period of 10 years, the sum of points acquired for these 10 years is divided by the number 10 to get the index of successfulness of political parties.

scholarly journals MENDORONG TRANSPARANSI DAN AKUNTABILITAS PENGATURAN KEUANGAN PARTAI POLITIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Sekar Anggun Gading Pinilih
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Electoral Law ◽  
Transparency And Accountability

ABSTRACTA political party is one of the tools of democracy in any country that serves to distribute the aspirations of the people to the government, political education, and the others. So that the function can be realized, it needed financial assistance, both from members of the party, from the state or from the donations of others to assist political parties in carrying out its activities. However, in practice a lot happening raising and management of funds by political parties that are not based on the principles of transparency and accountability resulted in various cases of alleged corruption by the political parties. Therefore, it is necessary to reform financial regulation of political parties that meet the principles of transparency and accountability. The principle of transparency and accountability of political party finances can be achieved by requiring each political party financial reports on the sources of funds received by the party, and the financial reports of the elections. In addition, it is necessary also penalties for political parties who are late or even not make those reports, as well as which institutions are given the task of overseeing the financial reports of parties and institutions that enforce sanctions. Therefore, the legislature immediately makes changes to the Electoral Law and the Law on Political Parties to include such arrangements.INTISARIPartai politik adalah salah satu alat demokrasi di negara manapun yang berfungsi untuk menyalurkan aspirasi rakyat kepada pemerintah, melakukan pendidikan politik, dan sebagainya. Agar fungsi tersebut dapat terwujud, maka diperlukan bantuan keuangan, baik dari anggota partai itu sendiri, dari negara atau dari sumbangan pihak lain untuk membantu partai politik dalam menjalankan kegiatannya. Namun, dalam praktek banyak terjadi penggalangan dan pengelolaan dana oleh partai politik yang tidak dilandasi dengan prinsip transparansi dan akuntabilitas mengakibatkan munculnya berbagai kasus dugaan korupsi yang dilakukan orang partai politik. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan reformasi pengaturan keuangan partai politik yang memenuhi prinsip transparansi dan akuntabilitas. Prinsip transparansi dan akuntabilitas keuangan partai dapat dicapai dengan cara mewajibkan setiap partai politik membuat laporan keuangan atas sumber-sumber dana yang diterima oleh partai, dan laporan keuangan Pemilu. Selain itu, perlu diatur juga mengenai sanksi bagi partai politik yang terlambat atau bahkan tidak membuat laporan keuangan tersebut, serta lembaga mana yang diberikan tugas untuk mengawasi laporan keuangan partai dan lembaga yang menegakkan sanksi-sanksi tersebut. Oleh karena itu, para pembentuk undang-undang segera melakukan perubahan terhadap Undang-Undang Pemilu dan Undang-Undang Partai Politik dengan memasukkan pengaturan-pengaturan tersebut.Kata kunci: 

scholarly journals Menuju Penyederhanaan Partai Politik di Indonesia serta Dampaknya Terhadap Persatuan Bangsa

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-597
Author(s):  
Diastama Anggita Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
General Election ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe diversity of Indonesian people will affect the social condition, including political life and decision. About the general election, Indonesian people who consist of various tribes, culture, and religion, highly depend on the political party to transfer their aspirations. Indonesian political party has a vital role in Indonesian political culture.  Hence, there are so many political parties in Indonesia because of the number of its citizens. The multi-party mechanism becomes much more important, considering Indonesia's social and geographical conditions. In the context of simplifies the number of the political party in Indonesia, this process will damage the diversity of the people. This article is using normative research method. Later on the discussion, this article will discuss the simplifying process of the political party in Indonesia. Furthermore, it will also examine the impact of the political party simplification on the Unity of the nation. Keywords: General Election; Simplification; Political Party; Unity  AbstrakKeberagaman masyarakat Indonesia merupakan salah satu kelebihan bangsa. Keberagaman masyarakat tersebut kemudian akan mempengaruhi kondisi sosial masyarakat termasuk juga dalam hal politik. Terkait dengan pelaksanaan pemilihan umum, masyarakat yang terdiri dari berbagai suku budaya dan agama ini membawa konsekuensi banyaknya aspirasi masyarakat yang antara satu dengan yang lain membawa kepentingan yang berbeda. Partai politik sebagai salah satu kanal aspirasi masyarakat mempunyai peran yang sangat vital. Mekanisme multipartai di Indonesia menjadi suatu keharusan dengan melihan kondisi sosial dan geografis Indonesia. Dalam konteks penyederhanaan partai politik, proses penyederhanaan kemudian akan merusak tatanan keberagaman tersebut. Penulisan hukum ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Pada bagian pembahasan penulis akan melakukan kajian terhadap proses penyederhaan partai politik yang pernah terjadi serta mengkaji bagaimana penyederhanaan jumlah partai politik ini dapat menyebabkan terjadinya disintegrasi bangsa. Kata Kunci: Pemilu, Penyederhanaan, Partai Politik, Persatuan

scholarly journals Mass Media and Ideology Dissemination against Democracy in Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Songyot Buaphuean
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Senior Citizen ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
False Consciousness ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Better Than

The study on “Mass Media and Ideology Dissemination against Democracy in Thailand” is qualitative study with the method of documentary research from text books, books, newspapers and online newspapers to find the definition of democracy which was the system of forming the elected government with the principle of sovereignty, majority, equality, freedom and laws. However, some mass media had false consciousness of democracy which included: election brought bad quality politicians; recruitment of persons to form the government was better than election; promotion of superstition; one man one vote was not for Thai society; capitalism deteriorated the nation; The Armed Forces worked for the people. Another concept was the idea that believed Thai society was praising the elite groups. The ideology said the society should obey the senior citizen who had morals, and the Armed Forces forced people to obey. 

scholarly journals Social implications and perceptions of the urban Indian population in the current scenario of COVID-19: a comprehensive survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
Dayanand M. Kannur ◽  
Suvarna P. Ingale ◽  
Digambar B. Ambikar ◽  
Dhruvi A. Gosar ◽  
Shubham V. Pawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Government

Background: The goal of this questionnaire is to understand the social implications and the knowledge urban populations has about COVID 19, and are people are taking proper precautions against the disease.Methods: Since there is no proven validated vaccine for prevention of COVID 19 to date, isolation of high-risk individuals and social distancing is the only solution to limit the spread. Since the government of India imposed the national lockdown on 22 March. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out by dispensing the questionnaire to individuals through online mode. A total of 633 responses were collected from individuals by a pre-designed. In our study we studied the knowledge of the Indian population about COVID 19. 64.8 % reported that they are well versed in the details of the pandemic COVID 19. More than 94 % of individuals stated that they are properly prepared and are taking proper precautions. Moreover approximately 95% of the population feels the seriousness about COVID 19 increased after lockdown. The majority of people are aware of the measures to be taken for avoiding transmission of COVID 19 infection. But some people are still not aware of the precautions to be taken to avoid the spread of the disorder.Conclusions: Along with isolation and social distancing, creating awareness about the disease by educating the people about COVID 19 is also important. Physical health taking care of the mental health of individuals is equally important.

Pelaksanaan Jaminan Kesehatan Oleh BPJS Kesehatan Dalam Perspektif Syariah

Liquidity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Iwan Subandi ◽  
Fathurrahman Djamil
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Health Support ◽  
The Government

Health is the basic right for everybody, therefore every citizen is entitled to get the health care. In enforcing the regulation for Jaringan Kesehatan Nasional (National Health Supports), it is heavily influenced by the foreign interests. Economically, this program does not reduce the people’s burdens, on the contrary, it will increase them. This means the health supports in which should place the government as the guarantor of the public health, but the people themselves that should pay for the health care. In the realization of the health support the are elements against the Syariah principles. Indonesian Muslim Religious Leaders (MUI) only say that the BPJS Kesehatan (Sosial Support Institution for Health) does not conform with the syariah. The society is asked to register and continue the participation in the program of Social Supports Institution for Health. The best solution is to enforce the mechanism which is in accordance with the syariah principles. The establishment of BPJS based on syariah has to be carried out in cooperation from the elements of Social Supports Institution (BPJS), Indonesian Muslim Religious (MUI), Financial Institution Authorities, National Social Supports Council, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Finance. Accordingly, the Social Supports Institution for Helath (BPJS Kesehatan) based on syariah principles could be obtained and could became the solution of the polemics in the society.

Nazistowski mord na Żydach w prasie polskich komunistów (1942–1944).

2006 ◽  
pp. 54-75
Author(s):  
Klaus Peter Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
The Political ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Right

Facing the decisive struggle between Nazism and Soviet communism for dominance in Europe, in 1942/43 Polish communists sojourning in the USSR espoused anti-German concepts of the political right. Their aim was an ethnic Polish ‘national communism’. Meanwhile, the Polish Workers’ Party in the occupied country advocated a maximum intensification of civilian resistance and partisan struggle. In this context, commentaries on the Nazi judeocide were an important element in their endeavors to influence the prevailing mood in the country: The underground communist press often pointed to the fate of the murdered Jews as a warning in order to make it clear to the Polish population where a deficient lack of resistance could lead. However, an agreed, unconditional Polish and Jewish armed resistance did not come about. At the same time, the communist press constantly expanded its demagogic confrontation with Polish “reactionaries” and accused them of shared responsibility for the Nazi murder of the Jews, while the Polish government (in London) was attacked for its failure. This antagonism was intensified in the fierce dispute between the Polish and Soviet governments after the rift which followed revelations about the Katyn massacre. Now the communist propaganda image of the enemy came to the fore in respect to the government and its representatives in occupied Poland. It viewed the government-in-exile as being allied with the “reactionaries,” indifferent to the murder of the Jews, and thus acting ultimately on behalf of Nazi German policy. The communists denounced the real and supposed antisemitism of their adversaries more and more bluntly. In view of their political isolation, they coupled them together, in an undifferentiated manner, extending from the right-wing radical ONR to the social democrats and the other parties represented in the underground parliament loyal to the London based Polish government. Thereby communist propaganda tried to discredit their opponents and to justify the need for a new start in a post-war Poland whose fate should be shaped by the revolutionary left. They were thus paving the way for the ultimate communist takeover

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