scholarly journals INVESTIGATION IN THE USE OF COWPEA CHAFF AS AN ADDITIVE FOR NATURAL RUBBER.

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Akinlabi ◽  
S. B. Akinfenwa ◽  
T. D. Idowu ◽  
N. R. Laleye ◽  
F. Akinwunmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Hydrocarbon Polymer ◽  
Cis Isomer ◽  
Natural Hydrocarbon

Natural rubber is a gummy liquid obtained from the sap fluid of the tree Hevea brasilensis. It is a natural hydrocarbon polymer of 2-methyl-1-3-butadiene (isoprene), which contains one double bond per repeating unit, whose structural arrangement typifies that of a cis-isomer (cis-polyisoprene). Natural rubber in its raw gum state is tacky, fairly elastic but suffers some limitations such as poor resistance to weathering condition, low tensile strength and hence additives are always added to improve on the limitations of the natural Rubber. Most additives are imported hence constituting additional cost. Cowpea chaff was used in this study as one of the additives. The cowpea chaff was chosen for this research due to its availability and cost since it is a waste material and expected to reduce cost of production. The cowpea chaff was grinded and sieved to fine particles (powder) using 100µm. The cowpea chaff powder was divided into portions and part were modified via nitration. The modified and unmodified cowpea chaff powder were characterized to determine the Ash content, Moisture content, Volatile content, pH, Loss on ignition, X-ray florescence (XRF) analysis was carried out to ascertain the elemental composition and Infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) to determine the functional groups and extent of the reaction of the samples. Each of the portions were compounded with Natural Rubber (NR) using calcium carbonate as control. The physico-mechanical properties of the vulcanizates obtained were determined. The study showed that chemically modified and unmodified cowpea chaff powders were good additives (softeners). Based on the parameters tested, it can be concluded that cowpea chaff can be substituted with CaCO3 filler in NR vulcanizates.

A study on using expanded perlite with hydroxyapatite: Reinforced bio-composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199656
Author(s):  
Erdoğan Karip ◽  
Mehtap Muratoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

People are exposed to different kinds of diseases or various accidents in life. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely employed for bone treatment applications. In this study, HA was extracted from sheep bones. Bio-composites were doped with 1, 5, and 10 wt.% of expanded perlite and 5 wt.% of ZrO2–MgO-P2O5. The bio-composites were prepared by the cold isostatic pressing method (250 MPa) and sintered at 900°C for 1 h. In order to evaluate the characteristics of the bio-composites, microhardness, density, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were carried out on them. Additionally, the specimens whose characteristics were determined were kept in synthetic body fluid (SBF), and their in vitro behavior was examined. As a result, it was observed that microhardness increased as both the weight and the grain size of the expanded perlite were increased. Calcium silicate, tri-calcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite were observed in the XRD analysis of all samples, and the formation of apatite structures was increased by addition of ZrO2–MgO–P2O5.

The Characteristic Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite Powders Synthesized from CaCO3 Refined from Oyster Shell and H3PO4

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 639-644
Author(s):  
Hye Sung Kim ◽  
Su Chak Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp) powders is synthesized using the mixed powders of CaCO3 refined from oyster shells and phosphoric acid (H3PO4-98%, Daejung) as starting materials. The characteristic evaluation and chemical analysis of the synthesized powders is performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transformed infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES). XRD analysis of synthetic powder by heat treatment at 1300°C for 2hrs shows only HAp peaks corresponding to stoichiometric HAp. It is confirmed by ICP-AES test that impurities such as Zn, In, Ti, Ba, Cd, Pb, and Mn, is not detected at all, but small amounts of Ti and Be is observed (0.099ppm Ti and 0.002ppm Ba). Variation of bone density is measured by giving medication of HAp powder with drinking water into human body continuously for three month. After the medication, the bone density is higher than the medication before. This means that HAp powder made from this process can be used as improver of bone density.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Response to Surface Altered Porous Ti

2015 ◽  
Vol 638 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Salantiu ◽  
Florin Popa ◽  
Petru Pascuta ◽  
Olga Soritau ◽  
Noemi Dirzu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Average Porosity ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Cell Testing ◽  
Scanning Electron

This work aims to investigate the influence of surface conditioning of porous Ti for enhancing its biological activity, as assessed by in vitro stem cell testing. Porous Ti samples with an average porosity of 32% were processed by Powder Metallurgy with dextrin as a space holder. The samples were subjected to H2O2 treatment to form an enhanced TiO2 film, followed by a heat treatment at 400°C and 600°C aiming to the crystallization of the as-formed amorphous titanium oxide. Samples characterization was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The treated surfaces revealed to be made of both anatase and rutile TiO2, with groove–shaped structure and cracks on the surface of the TiO2 film. The intrinsic biocompatibility of the chemically modified porous Ti surfaces was assessed in vitro. In our cell culture tests, stem cells were found to attach and proliferate better on the chemically treated Ti surfaces compared to the control untreated Ti surfaces.

scholarly journals SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI N DOPED TiO2 (N/TiO2) NANOTUBE SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS FOTOKATALISIS TERHADAP ZAT WARNA RHODAMIN B

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Ida Nur Apriani Apriani ◽  
Jarnuzi Gunlazuardi
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Linear Sweep ◽  
Doped Tio2 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Rhodamin B ◽  
Scanning Electron

Telah dilakukan sintesis fotokatalis N/TiO2 bermofologi nanotube dengan metode anodisasi  menggunakan ammonium nitrat (NH4NO3) sebagai sumber dopan pada berbagai variasi konsentrasi (0,5M , 1M, 2M), dilanjutkan dengan kalisinasi pada suhu 4500C selama 2 jam untuk mendapatkan fasa kristal anatase. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan Scanning Electron Miscroscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), dan DRS (Diffused Reflectant Spectrometry) UV-Vis. Pengujian Linear Sweep Voltametri dan Multi Pulse Anperiometri pada fotokatalis­ N/TiO2 telah berhasil diterapkan untuk degradasi senyawa Rhodamin B menggunakan sinar UV maupun sinar tampak. Aplikasi dari uji fotoelektrokatalisis menggunakan sinar tampak untuk N/TiO2-NT memberikan hasil eliminasi sebesar 47,86%, sedangkan bila menggunakan TiO2 nanotube tanpa dopan eleminasi hanya sebesar 25,49%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa proses doping yang dilakukan telah berhasil menyisipkan nitrogen kedalam matrik TiO2 nanotube dan memperbaiki kinerja fotokatalisis nya di daerah sinar tampak.

scholarly journals Sintesis dan Karakterisasi CNT (Carbon Nanotube) Berdopan Logam Kobalt

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Nur Dwi Lestari ◽  
Pardoyo Pardoyo ◽  
Agus Subagio
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Gas Sorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

Telah dilakukan penelitian sintesis dan karakterisasi CNT (Carbon Nanotube) dengan doping logam kobalt. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakter CNT sebelum dan setelah didoping dengan variasi konsentrasi logam 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% dan 50%. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah impregnasi basah yang meliputi perendaman pada larutan logam dan kalsinasi. Hasil impregnasi dianalisis menggunakan Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR), GSA (Gas Sorption Analysis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Analisis FT-IR menunjukkan adanya vibrasi ulur dari ikatan Co-C dan Co-O.  Hasil GSA menunjukkan bahwa CNT loading 30% mempunyai luas permukaan tertinggi yaitu 69,192 m2/g. Hasil SEM-EDS menunjukkan bahwa morfologi permukaan dinding CNT ditutupi aggregat-aggregat kobalt. Pada hasil EDS fraksi kobalt dihasilkan adalah 1,96 % yang nilainya tidak jauh berbeda dari fraksi Fe yaitu 1,49%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa CNT doping logam Co menggunakan metode impregnasi basah tidak efektif.

scholarly journals Bisphenol A removal from aqueous solution using fine α-Fe2O3 particles

10.30544/398 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataša Z Tomić ◽  
Marija M Vuksanović ◽  
Đorđe Veljović ◽  
Aleksandar Marinković ◽  
Vesna Radojević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Equilibrium ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ferrous Chloride ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Bpa Removal

Iron(III) oxide particles (α-Fe2O3) were obtained from ferrous chloride (FeCl3·6H2O) precursor using ammonium hydroxide as a precipitating agent and particles were calcined at 700 °C for 4 h. Morphological and structural properties of the obtained particles were determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), BET/BJH analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR). The image analysis software, Image-Pro Plus 4.0, was used to determine the distribution of the diameter of the obtained particles. Hematite based particles were used as an adsorbent for BPA removal. Adsorption equilibrium was established after 75 min with 14.8% BPA removal efficiency.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol a with α-Fe2O3 fibers and particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-276
Author(s):  
Natasa Tomic ◽  
Marija Vuksanovic ◽  
Djordje Veljovic ◽  
Veljko Djokic ◽  
Aleksandar Marinkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Photocatalytic Decomposition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

Two-step synthesis of Fe2O3 particles, performed by precipitation from iron(III) chloride (FeCl3?6H2O) using ammonium hydroxide in first step and calcination at 400 and 700?C during 4 h, provided Fe2O3 400?C and Fe2O3 700?C photocatalysts, respectively. The electrospinning process was used to prepare iron oxide fibers, named Fe2O3 fiber. Morphological and structural properties of samples were determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) and BET/BJH analysis. It was found that the ?-Fe2O3 phase (hematite) has shown the compaction of the structure at 700?C, i.e. lower textural properties. Hematite particles and fibers are used for bisphenol A (BPA) removal by photocatalytic decomposition and the enhanced catalytic performance was found with the use of Fe2O3 400?C particles.

Effect of Modified Natural Rubber on Morphology, Chemical Structure, and Crystallinity of Electrospun Polyvinylidene Difluoride Nanofibers

2019 ◽  
Vol 950 ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Jean Raynell S. Bello ◽  
Bryan B. Pajarito ◽  
Jem Valerie D. Perez
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Polyvinylidene Difluoride ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Enzymatic Deproteinization

Natural rubber latex was chemically modified by enzymatic deproteinization, degradation, and epoxidation to produce deproteinized liquid epoxidized natural rubber (DP-LENR). Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) was blended with DP-LENR and then electrospun to produce nanofibers. Scanning electron microscopy shows reduction in the fiber diameter and beading formation with increasing concentration of DP-LENR. Smooth surface of nanofibers suggests miscibility and chemical compatibility of PVDF with low concentration of DP-LENR. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis show the addition of DP-LENR has no effect on chemical structure and crystallinity of electrospun PVDF.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISASI FISIKOKIMIA DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SERAT PANGAN DARI AMPAS EMPULUR SAGU BARUK (Arenga Microcarpha B.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nova . ◽  
Edi Suryanto ◽  
Lidya I. Momuat
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fiber ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

Telah dilakukan pengujian potensi aktivitas antioksidan serat pangan dari ampas empulur sagu baruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi antioksidan dari ampas empulur sagu baruk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ampas empulur sagu baruk tidak mengalami perubahan mendasar pada komponen utama selama penggilingan ditunjukkan pada hasil spektra Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR). Hasil analisis Particle Size Analysis (PSA) menunjukkan ukuran partikel dari ampas empulur sagu baruk sebesar 92,89 µm. Analisis X-ray Difraction (XRD) menunjukkan adanya karakteristik dari selulosa yang merupakan bagian dari serat pangan tak larut. Hasil pengujian serat pangan didapatkan bahwa ampas empulur sagu baruk memiliki serat pangan total sebesar 68,71% yang meliputi 66,58% serat pangan tak larut dan 2,12% serat pangan larut. Kadar serat pangan tak larut meliputi kadar selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin yaitu 50,7%; 29,16%; dan 11,67% secara berturut-turut. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antioksidan metode DPPH dari ekstrak fenolik terikat (EFT) dan fenolik bebas (EFB) ampas empulur sagu baruk menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 66,20% EFB dan 50,97% EFT. Adapun kemampuan penangkal ion nitrit dari sampel ampas sagu baruk kering angin memiliki potensi menangkal ion nitrit sebesar 55,20% EFB dan 50,15% EFT.ABSTRACT Potential antioxidant activity of food fiber from barley sago pith pulp has been tested. This research studies the antioxidant potential of barley sago pith pulp. Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR). The results showed the fact that the barley sago pith pulp did not change the basis of the main components during grinding evaluating the spectral results. The results of the analysis of Particle Size Analysis (PSA) showed that the particle size of the pith sago waste was 92.89 μm. X-ray Difraction (XRD) analysis shows the characteristics of cellulose which is part of insoluble dietary fiber. Food fiber test results were obtained from barley sago pith pulp having a total food fiber of 68.71% which contained 66.58% insoluble food fiber and 2.12% soluble food fiber. Insoluble dietary fiber content includes cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin levels that is 50.7%; 29.16%; and 11.67% consistently. The results of testing the antioxidant activity of DPPH method from phenolic extracts (EFT) and free phenolic (EFB) barley pith pulp showed antioxidant activity of 66.20% EFB and 50.97% EFT. Whereas the ability to prevent nitrite ions from dried barago sago pulp samples has the ability to counteract nitrite ions by 55.20% EFB and 50.15% EFT.

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