scholarly journals ON THE WAY TO STATE AUTONOMY: THE FIRST CONSTITUTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-177
Author(s):  
Е.И. КОБАХИДЗЕ
Keyword(s):  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Political Status ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
North Ossetia

В статье анализируется Конституция СОАССР 1937 г. как один из важнейших документов по Новейшей истории Северной Осетии, впервые определивший ее самостоятельный государственно-политический статус в качестве советской автономной республики в составе РСФСР. В поиске форм национального самоопределения Северная Осетия несколько раз меняла свой статус: будучи рядовой территориально-административной единицей в административной системе позднеимперской России, Осетия и после утверждения советской власти оказалась включена в окружную модель территориального устройства Горской АССР. Лишь после упразднения Горской республики Северной Осетии был придан статус автономной области в составе России с несколько расширенной административной самостоятельностью, хотя и довольно ограниченным объемом полномочий, распространявшихся преимущественно на хозяйственно-культурную сферу. Однако именно тогда Северная Осетия впервые сформировала собственные устойчивые и жизнеспособные органы власти и управления, деятельность которых регулировалась союзным и республиканским (РСФСР) законодательством. Новый этап развития североосетинской государственности пришелся на вторую половину 1930-х гг., когда новая Конституция СССР объявила ряд бывших национальных автономных областей, в том числе и Северо-Осетинскую АО, автономными республиками и предоставила им правовые основания для принятия собственных конституций, наделив их таким образом государственно-политическим статусом. Сравнительный анализ конституций СССР, РСФСР и СОАССР показывает, что организационно-правовые основы национальной государственности, закрепленные в конституции СОАССР, формулировались исходя из приоритета общесоюзной и российской конституций, хотя и с учетом местных особенностей. В то же время первая советская конституция Северной Осетии, принятая ее собственным законодательным органом и определяющая правовые основы политической автономии, ознаменовала завершение процесса становления национальной государственности Северной Осетии и открыла новую страницу ее социально-политической истории. The article analyzes the Constitution of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of 1937 as one of the most important documents on the recent history of North Ossetia, which firstly defined its independent state-political status as a Soviet autonomous republic within the RSFSR. In the search for forms of national self-determination, North Ossetia changed its status several times: being an ordinary territorial-administrative unit in the administrative system of late imperial Russia, Ossetia, even after the approval of Soviet power, was included in the district model of the territorial structure of the Mountain ASSR. Only after the abolition of the Mountain Republic, North Ossetia has got the status of an autonomous region within Russia with somewhat expanded administrative self-dependence, albeit with a rather limited scope of powers that extended mainly to the economic and cultural sphere. However, just then North Ossetia for the first time formed its stable and viable power and administrative institutions, the activities of which were regulated by union and republican (RSFSR) legislation. A new stage in the development of North Ossetian statehood fell on the second half of the 1930s, when the new Constitution of the USSR declared the granting of the status of autonomous republics to the former national autonomous regions, including the North Ossetian Autonomous Region, and provided them with legal grounds for adopting their own constitutions, and so endowed them of state and political status. A comparative analysis of the constitutions of the USSR, RSFSR and NOASSR shows that the organizational and legal foundations of national statehood, enshrined in the Constitution of the NOASSR, were formulated based on the priority of the all-Union and Russian constitutions, albeit taking into account local specifics. At the same time, the first Soviet constitution of North Ossetia, adopted by its legislative institution and defining the legal foundations of political autonomy, marked the end of the process of formation of the national statehood of North Ossetia and opened a new page in its socio-political history.

scholarly journals NORTH OSSETIA IN THE SYSTEM OF THE SOVIET STATEHOOD: THE CONSTITUTION OF THE NOASSR OF 1978

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.И. КОБАХИДЗЕ
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The North ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Autonomous Republic

В статье предлагается анализ Конституции Северо-Осетинской АССР 1978 г., отразившей этап развития ее государственности в советский период. Научное осмысление правовых аспектов истории Северной Осетии в статусе автономной республики, анализ ее места и роли в системе советской государственности во многом объясняет противоречия в реализации органами государственной власти республики функций политического самоуправления в эпоху «застоя» и «кризиса социализма». Анализ показывает, что декретированный ранней советской властью национальный суверенитет народов, населяющих советскую Россию, не нашел правового подтверждения в Конституции СССР 1977 г., на основе и в соответствии с которой были разработаны и приняты Конституции РСФСР и входящих в нее автономных республик, в том числе и СОАССР. Фиксация статуса автономной республики в качестве государственного образования без признания ее государственного суверенитета ограничивало пределы компетенции республиканских органов власти и управления и ставило их в фактическую зависимость от вышестоящих властно-управленческих структур даже в решении вопросов, отнесенных к ведению автономной республики. Все это вместе взятое превращало автономную республику в «квазигосударственное образование», высшие государственные органы которой действовали в режиме «местной власти». Противоречивые конституционные положения 1977-1978 гг., закрепленные в Основных законах СССР, РСФСР и СОАССР, стали одним из факторов деструкции советской власти и социалистической системы и последующего затем «парада суверенитетов» бывших автономных образований в пределах РСФСР. The article analyzes the 1978 Constitution of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which reflected the stage of development of its statehood relevant to the Soviet period. Scientific comprehension of the legal aspects of the history of North Ossetia in the status of an autonomous republic, an analysis of its place and role within the system of the Soviet statehood largely accounts for the contradictions in the implementation by the republican state institutions of the functions of political self-government in the era of "stagnation" and "crisis of socialism". Analysis shows that the national sovereignty of the peoples inhabiting Soviet Russia, that was decreed by the early Soviet government, did not find legal confirmation in the USSR Constitution of 1977, on the basis and in accordance with which the Constitution of the RSFSR and its autonomous republics, including NOASSR, were elaborated and adopted. Fixing the status of the autonomous republic as a state entity without recognizing its state sovereignty limited the competence of the republican authorities and made them in fact dependent on the higher power structures even in resolving issues attributed to the jurisdiction of the autonomous republic. All this taken together turned the autonomous republic into a "quasi-state entity", the highest state bodies of which operated in the regime of "local power". Contradictory constitutional provisions of 1977-1978, enshrined in the Fundamental Laws of the USSR, RSFSR and NOASSR, became one of the factors of the destruction of the Soviet power and the socialist system and the subsequent “parade of sovereignties” of the former autonomous entities within the RSFSR.

scholarly journals Formation of local self-government bodies of Ukraine in soviet times

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Yuriy Maksimenko
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
State Governance

oday, as a result of the reform of decentralization and administrative-territorial organization, actually a new administrative-territorialunit is being established in Ukraine – a united community. But the basis and at the same time the reason for the joint of communitieswere first of all the most numerous local and at the same time the smallest administrative-territorial units in Ukraine – villagecouncils, inherited by Ukraine since Soviet times.Historically, the state and municipal system of modern Ukraine did not arise by itself, but was built on the “foundation” of theSoviet era, because Ukraine as an independent state is the successor of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), which, in turn –the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (USSR), founded 100 years ago – in 1919. The smallest local authority in Soviet times and afterthe declaration of independence in Ukraine was the village council, which for a hundred years of its existence evolved from a componentof the mechanism of state governance at places to the basic level of local self-government.The article presents the result of historical and legal study of the establishment and development of the structural organization oflocal administrative bodies in Ukraine during the Soviet era on the example of village councils, their legal status, structure, main powersand tasks done by these bodies and the status of their members and officials. Village councils became the basic bodies of local managementof Soviet Ukraine and its smallest administrative-territorial units. On the basis of the organization of the activities of Sovietvillage councils with certain evolutionary changes, local self-governing bodies – village councils of independent Ukraine – still functiontoday. Investigation of formation and development of these bodies in the Soviet period of the history of the state and law of Ukrainedeserves the attention of legal science, including in the current reform of decentralization and administrative-territorial organization.

scholarly journals SEPARATED DAGHESTAN NATIONALITIES (THE LEZGINS, THE TSAKHURS, THE AVARS): POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT PATTERN IN THE END OF THE XIX CENTURY THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3/2) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
D. Sh. RAMAZANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Xix Century

Being the part of Russia throughout different periods Daghestan had  various administrative and political status (as an oblast being the  part of the empire) an autonomous Republic of the RSFSR (USSR),  as a Republic of the Russian Federation. Upon that, the borders of  Russia as a state were set without regard for the interests of the  nationalities, populating it, but taking into account the interests of  the state exclusively. In the XIX century this policy gave birth to the problem of separation among daghestani nationalities (the  Lezgins, the Tsakhurs, the Avars, the Kumyks) and the Nogais as  well as in 1922-1923 their territory was included on the list of  nationalities – the members of the Daghestan Autonomous Soviet  Socialist Republic, but later it was the issue of exchanges between  the RSFSR subjects. If the problem under discussion was topical  within administrative and territorial borders of the Russian State,  then, by the end of the 20th century it had the status of interstate  problem – the first 3 of the enumerated nationalities were separated  by state borders with the neighboring states of Azerbaijan and the  Republic of Georgia. With the reference to the literary sources and  the results of the demographic census, the author of the article  shows the population changes and the settlement of the Lezgins, the Tsakhurs and the Avars in the Caucasian region in the end of the  20th the beginning of the 21st centuries, continuing the article  serves on the problem of separation among Daghestan nationalities.  In 2011 the problems of the Avars from the Kvarelski region in  Georgia were discussed in the article published in “Izvestya Daghestanskogo Pedagogicheskogo universiteta”, where as  in 2018 the problems of the Nogais, separated by administrative  borders of the Russian Federation subjects on the North Caucasus  were discussed on the pages of the magazine “Society: philosophy,  history, culture”. All the above mentioned ethnic communities are  officially labeled as “title (subject-forming) nationalities” in the  contemporary Republic of Daghestan.

The “Pugachev Rebellion” in the Context of Post-Soviet Kazakh Nationalization*

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele E. Commercio
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Independent State ◽  
The Core ◽  
Personnel Practices ◽  
Soviet Empire ◽  
Informal Practices ◽  
The Relationship

Freedom from the Soviet empire created an opportunity for elites of each former Soviet Socialist Republic to “nationalize” their newly independent state. Most observers of contemporary Kazakh politics would agree that Kazakhstan has taken advantage of this historic opportunity, and can thus be classified as a nationalizing state. For Rogers Brubaker, a nationalizing state is perceived by its elites as a nation-state of and for a particular nation, but simultaneously as an “incomplete” or “unrealized” nation-state. To resolve this problem of incompleteness and to counteract perceived discrimination, Brubaker argues, “nationalizing elites urge and undertake action to promote the language, culture, demographic preponderance, economic flourishing, or political hegemony of the core ethnocultural nation.” While the foundation of any Soviet successor state's nationalization program is a cluster of implemented formal policies that privilege the titular nation, these policies are often reinforced by informal practices, primarily discriminatory personnel practices, with the same function. Much has been written about Kazakhstan's nationalization strategy, and not surprisingly scholars rely on what they know about formal policies and informal practices to characterize that strategy. Little has been written, however, about the “Pugachev Rebellion” in Ust'-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan, and nothing has been written about the relationship between the official Kazakh reaction to what I call the “Pugachev incident,” and Kazakhstan's nationalization strategy in general. This article sorts out confusing events surrounding the Pugachev incident, and offers an interpretation of the official Kazakh reaction, which is best understood when situated in the broader context of Kazakh nationalization, to the incident.

Implication of SASEC Tourism Initiatives on North Eastern States of India

2017 ◽  
pp. 34-52
Author(s):  
Supriya Dam
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
International Borders ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Look

India's North Eastern Region (NER) stretches from the foothills of the Himalayas in the eastern range and is surrounded by international borders with countries like Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (Tibet Autonomous Region), Nepal, and Myanmar. The landlocked region is constrained by a brief spell of insurgency, and dismal unemployment has affected the region's progress since 1947. The advent of the Look East Policy coupled with a number of South Asia sub-regional arrangements with neighboring countries opened a “Pandora's Box” for this region. The SASEC initiatives of ADB helped to improve the status of tourism and infrastructure, including roads, air connectivity, and also opened cross-border land routes and roads within the North East (NE). The present study takes stock of tourism development from a sustainability perspective and examines the implementation of the SASEC tourism project in eight NE States of India with a view to suggest priority areas for action for promotion of tourism in this region.

Implication of SASEC Tourism Initiatives on North Eastern States of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 690-709
Author(s):  
Supriya Dam
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
International Borders ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Look

India's North Eastern Region (NER) stretches from the foothills of the Himalayas in the eastern range and is surrounded by international borders with countries like Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (Tibet Autonomous Region), Nepal, and Myanmar. The landlocked region is constrained by a brief spell of insurgency, and dismal unemployment has affected the region's progress since 1947. The advent of the Look East Policy coupled with a number of South Asia sub-regional arrangements with neighboring countries opened a “Pandora's Box” for this region. The SASEC initiatives of ADB helped to improve the status of tourism and infrastructure, including roads, air connectivity, and also opened cross-border land routes and roads within the North East (NE). The present study takes stock of tourism development from a sustainability perspective and examines the implementation of the SASEC tourism project in eight NE States of India with a view to suggest priority areas for action for promotion of tourism in this region.

When Stalin's Nations Sang: Writing the Soviet Ukrainian Anthem (1944–1949)

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhy Yekelchyk
Keyword(s):  
State Building ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Independent State ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic

In February 1944, as the victorious Red Army was preparing to clear the Nazi German forces from the rest of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, a surprise official announcement stunned the population. The radio and the newspapers announced amendments to the Soviet constitution, which would enable the union republics to establish their own armies and maintain diplomatic relations with foreign states. While the Kremlin did not elaborate on the reasons for such a reform, Radianska Ukraina, the republic's official newspaper, proceeded to hail the announcement as “a new step in Ukrainian state building.” Waxing lyrical, the paper wrote that “every son and every daughter of Ukraine” swelled with national pride upon learning of the new rights that had been granted to their republic. In reality, the public was confused. In Ukraine's capital, Kiev, the secret police recorded details of rumors to the effect that the USA and Great Britain had forced this reform on Stalin and that Russians living in Ukraine would be forced to assimilate or to leave the republic. Even some party-appointed propagandists erred in explaining that the change was necessitated by the fact that Ukraine's “borders have widened and [it] will become an independent state.”

scholarly journals Organization of Oral Advertising and Agitation in the Years of the Great Patriotic War (On Materials of North Ossetia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-373
Author(s):  
Ruslan G. Bimbasov
Keyword(s):  
Population Group ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Central State ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Party State

This author examines the activities of Soviet party-state bodies in the field of propaganda among the population in the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (North Ossetia) during the Great Patriotic War. Propaganda is effective when its message is deeply rooted in the consciousness of the population group to which it is addressed. For this reason the media and the organizations of oral propaganda of North Ossetia sought to get the most accurate information on the particular group that was called upon to fulfill wartime tasks. The author used various types of sources, including documents from the Central State Archive of the Republic of North Ossetia that are here first introduced into scientific circulation. The paper identifies the directions of party-state bodies in organizing propaganda on the territory of the republic in 1941-1945, and it assesses the degree of their effectiveness. While the outbreak of the war led to an expansion of propaganda, there was an acute shortage of specialists in various fields of life, including in propaganda work among the civilian population. The paper reveals the main methods of forming the image of the enemy by propaganda bodies and the media. The author concludes that the activities of the propaganda apparatus in the republic during the War had a direct impact on public consciousness and contributed to the consolidation of the region's population in the fight against the enemy, and to overcoming the difficulties of the War years.

scholarly journals DISCUSSION ON THE STATE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CRIMEAN ASSR (1921–1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (3) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
V. V. Kharabuga ◽  
V. A. Afanasyev
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Historical Basis ◽  
The One

For a long time, Crimea has been the place of a permanent ethnopolitical political conflict controlled from the outside, one of the components of which is the confrontation between the Russians, as an ethnic group and the other Slavic population of Crimea, on the one hand, and the Tatars of Crimea, on behalf of whom the extremist banned in Russia is trying to speak structure «kurultai-mejlis». The argumentation of the hypothesis designed to confirm the myth about the national (Tatar) character of the Crimean ASSR is presented. The analysis of argumentation suggests that the hypothesis is not supported by convincing evidence. More weighty should be considered the point of view that the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921–1945. was multinational-territorial autonomy. The discussion in Ukraine of the topic of changing the status of Crimea, turning it into national Tatar autonomy is carried out by the leaders and functionaries of the extremist organization «kurultai-mejlis» in the framework of the anti-Russian propaganda flow controlled from abroad and exploits the analyzed myth as the historical basis of its claims.

“The Bulgarian Taiga” of Komi in Naive Cinema and Poetry

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Владимир Леонидович Кляус
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
The Everyday

В статье осмысляется фотодокументальный и поэтический материал, посвященный жизни болгар в Коми АССР в 1960-1990 гг., когда они работали на совместном советско-болгарском предприятии по заготовке леса в Удорском районе республики. Видеоролики на основе фотографий из семейных архивов и стихи, написанные как воспоминания о жизни на севере в СССР, представляют собой своеобразную форму наивной кинодокументалистики и наивной поэзии. И именно это делает их важным источником изучения повседневности болгар - трудовых мигрантов The article analyzes photo-documentary and poetic material devoted to the life of Bulgarians who worked on a joint Soviet-Bulgarian logging enterprise in the Udorsky District of the in the Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1960-1990. Videos based on photos from family archives and poems written as memoirs of life in the north of the USSR are considered as a naive form of documentary film and naive poetry. This makes them an important source for studying the everyday life of Bulgarian migrant workers.

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