PERFIL SOCIOECONÔMICO DA PISCICULTURA NO MUNICÍPIO DE BUJARU (PA), REGIÃO NORTE DO BRASIL

The objective of this study was to characterize the socio-economic profile of fish farming in the municipality of Bujaru (PA), through information of a social nature for producers and zootechnics of the production of the activity. Through non-probabilistic snowball sampling, questionnaires were applied to 30 fish farmers, performing image records during visits. The results were entered into the specific database, and submitted to descriptive statistical analysis (mean and standard deviation) in the BioEstat 5.3 program. Fish farming in Bujaru is carried out by male fish farmers (100%), most of whom are married (75%), with low education, exercising the activity for 5.10 ± 3.68 years. The production in the municipality is directed to species such as tambacu, pacu, tambaqui, pirapitinga, pirarucu and Nile tilapia, being carried out extensively, mostly in a family character, in excavated nurseries and igarapé channels, aiming at subsistence, commercialization and leisure. In addition to fish farming, producers develop other creations such as beef cattle, swine and poultry, as well as the planting of cassava, bananas and açaí. Regarding the inputs, the cost of the feed was costly and as for the acquired juveniles, many showed high mortality and heterogeneity in the lots. It also verified whether producers' dissatisfaction with public management in the activity, as well as their individualism, causing an obstacle to the development of the sector. The profile of the fish farming in Bujaru presented several obstacles, showing no potential for producers, due to the lack of technical assistance, lack of organization and incentive on the part of public policies in the activity.

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Methods for reducing the cost of production of commercial carp when feeding grain crops

Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries) ◽

10.33920/sel-09-2010-06 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 58-67

Author(s):

G. E. Servetnik ◽

E. V. Pishchenko

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Fish Farming ◽

Well Being ◽

Planting Density ◽

Natural Food ◽

Pond Aquaculture ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Whole Wheat ◽

Cereal Species ◽

The Cost

Feeding is one of the main methods of intensification of agricultural fish farming. Based on FAO reports, the share of aquaculture products grown with feed is gradually increasing. In pond farms with medium and high degree of intensification, up to 80% of fish products are produced due to feeding. Moreover, in the structure of the cost of fish production, compound feeds account for up to half of the total costs, and in industrial aquaculture up to 65–70%. It is shown that it is Known that feeding and growing technology account for about 55% of the success rate of increasing fish productivity, while the genetic potential is only about 25%, and the share of veterinary and sanitary well-being of fish accounts for about 20%. In Russia and many other countries, cereals are used to reduce the cost of carp farming products, as a relatively cheap and affordable source of energy compared to granulated feed. The availability and low cost of such feed is of paramount importance in pond aquaculture and currently all cereal species are used for artificial feeding. Information about feeding carp with grain crops, as well as requirements for the quality and safety of feed is provided. It is indicated that feeding carp with whole grains is advisable if the natural food base is well developed. Traditional fish farming experience shows that feeding carp with whole wheat grain is advisable when the planting density of two-year-olds is up to 3.5 thousand / ha and mainly in August-September. Before eating fish, the grain must necessarily swell in water, otherwise it injures the intestines and is excreted from the digestive tract poorly digested.

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Links between pond and dike, their potential and impacts on livelihood.

10.1079/ac.77473.20203483410 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Manjurul Karim ◽

Md. Abdul Wahab ◽

David Little ◽

Md. Shamsul ◽

V. Marc

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Water Reservoir ◽

Fish Farming ◽

Important Food ◽

Urban Households ◽

Productive System ◽

Principal Source ◽

The Cost ◽

Inland Water Bodies

Abstract Aquaculture and horticulture are interlinked and both of these agricultural components have considerable importance in the economy of Bangladesh. Most people in this country depend on fish as the principal source of animal protein. Vegetables are also considered by Bangladeshi people as important food items and as a source of micronutrients. Ponds, among various inland water bodies, are the most important water reservoir, providing access to fish, irrigation for surrounding vegetables and rice crops and water for family use, and thus are an integral part of rural and peri-urban households. Integration of crops with fish farming through pond-dike systems may be an economically viable and productive system for both richer and poorer farmers in rural and peri-urban areas in Bangladesh. High-cost inputs in fish farming are not needed in such pond-dike systems, therefore reducing the cost of inputs, provided that there is proper integration between pond and crops grown in the vicinity. A community-level assessment of the importance and role of pond-dike systems and a baseline study, carried out in villages in Mymensingh district in early 2002 by the Pondlive project funded by the European Commission, are outlined.

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Economics of ornamental fish farming industry in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu

Indian Journal of Fisheries ◽

10.21077/ijf.2017.64.special-issue.76302-44 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 64 ◽

Author(s):

T. Umamaheswari ◽

M. Rajakumar ◽

P. Chidambaram

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Fish Farming ◽

Ornamental Fish ◽

Expected Profit ◽

Profit Margin ◽

Fish Farms ◽

The Cost ◽

Farming Industry ◽

Ranking Technique

India has enormous potential for the development of ornamental fish business. Although the country has conducive environmental conditions for breeding and culture of ornamental fishes, its share in export of ornamental fishes is less than 1%. The present study was undertaken to address the constraints prevailing in ornamental fish farming. Study was carried out among 44 ornamental fish farms in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu by adopting random sampling technique. The selected farms were classified into small (<0.5 ha) and medium farms (0.5-2 ha) and the data were collected by personally interviewing the fish farmers. The study attempted to analyse the socio-economic characteristics of respondents, existing supply chain, constraints involved in ornamental fish farming, annual revenue loss due to major constraints, treatment cost and expected profit margin. Various constraints were classified as production, marketing and others and were ranked using Garrett ranking technique. Tabular and percentage analyses were used to estimate the cost of treatment, revenue loss and expected profit margin. Four types of marketing channels were observed in the study area. Disease outbreak was found to be the major constraint faced by the farmers and hence, the revenue loss was estimated for the same. The annual revenue loss was found to be higher for the small ornamental units when compared to medium farms, which showed higher profit margin than small ornamental fish farms.

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CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TERRITORY POSITIONING

Scientific Notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University. Series: Economy and Management ◽

10.32838/2523-4803/71-3-13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Elina Boichenko ◽

Liudmyla Kobyliatska

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Modern Science ◽

Well Being ◽

Business Environment ◽

Intangible Asset ◽

Social Nature ◽

Clean Environment ◽

Brand Promotion ◽

Business Entities ◽

The Cost

The article deals with the problems of positioning the Territory (Country, Region, United territorial communities). When positioning a territory, use only such characteristics that are important, for example, for business entities, investors, residents, or persons who are interested in this territory, and which they focus on when making their choice. It is proved that the results of positioning the territory can be considered the formation of economic, social, and attractive attractiveness of the territory. The essence of economic attractiveness as a set of results of financial and economic activity of the economic complex of the territory and its economic potential is considered. Social attractiveness is considered as a process of creating a qualitative state of the living conditions of society, and above all, increasing the level of its social well-being. Attractivity in the context of forming the attractiveness of the territory is considered as a symbiosis of appropriate household (comfortable) conditions for the life of the population and a clean environment, the existence of a favorable business environment that ensures the efficiency of business activities and creates the basis for meeting the various needs of society. The results of positioning a territory are considered as an intangible asset that has its value. The effectiveness of measures for positioning a territory (country, region, ah) can be determined using appropriate assessments of its effectiveness. In modern science, the concept of "efficiency" is considered an economic category that has independent qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Note that efficiency will be understood as the ratio between the results obtained and the costs (resources) for obtaining these results. When evaluating the effectiveness of territory positioning, we consider comparing the costs already incurred with the results of the positioning procedure. Thus, the importance of improving the assessment of the effectiveness of territory positioning is primarily due to the social nature of these costs. Estimating the cost-effectiveness of territory positioning is significantly complicated. This is because the results of this process (image creation, brand promotion, business reputation formation) are expressed not so much in monetary or value-form, but have an intangible effect. Difficulties in estimating the cost-effectiveness of territory positioning arise due to the uncertainty of the final result, which can only be predicted approximately. Thus, it is advisable to consider the results of positioning the territory as an intangible asset that has its value. The article offers an approach to assessing the effectiveness of territory positioning, which consists of using a system of indicators that combines economic, social, and attractive efficiency.

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Relationship between Gender and Opinion Leadership among the Fish Farmers of Chhattisgarh

10.48165/ijee.2021.57421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 93-96

Author(s):

Dileshwari Ratre ◽

S. N. Ojha ◽

Arpita Sharma ◽

Ramasubramanian V ◽

Rajpal Yadav

Keyword(s):

Gender Roles ◽

Fish Farming ◽

Opinion Leaders ◽

Opinion Leadership ◽

Family Resources ◽

Female Fish ◽

Male Fish ◽

Extension Professionals

The ratio of fish farmers to fisheries extension professionals was 1:1000 which is too low. Para-extension functionaries can fill up this gap in the fisheries sector to improve the production and productivity of fishers. The opinion leaders from the local fish farmers community will help identify fish farmers who can further transfer the knowledge concerning how to fish to others through their diffusion network. This study was undertaken to analyze gender roles in fish farming and their relation with opinion leaders. It was observed that 90% of male fish farmers had control of fisheries/family resources, and 97 per cent of fish farmers were found to have contact with male opinion leaders. At the same time, 33% of female fish farmers were contacted by shelf help groups and local progressive farmers. The study shows that the opinion leaders influenced the fish farmers’ diffusion network and their knowledge about how to fish. To involve women in the fisheries sector, empower women, there is also a need to select opinion leaders preferred by women fish farmers.

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ANALISIS USAHA DAN PEMASARAN GULA SEMUT DI DESA HARGOTIRTO, KECAMATAN KOKAP, KABUPATEN KOKAP

SEPA Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis ◽

10.20961/sepa.v16i1.22470 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 74

Author(s):

Mega Nugraheni Apriza Putri ◽

Raden Kunto Adi ◽

Isti Khomah

Keyword(s):

Cost Benefit ◽

Marketing Channel ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Brown Colour ◽

Business Analysis ◽

Marketing Efficiency ◽

The Cost ◽

Benefit Cost ◽

Descriptive Method ◽

Made In

Gula semut adalah produk inovatif dari pengolahan nira kelapa dalam bentuk bubuk atau butiran bewarna kuning sampai cokelat. Sebanyak 433.820 kg produksi gula semut dibuat di Desa Hargotirto. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan usaha, pola saluran pemasaran, biaya, keuntungan, marjin pemasaran, dan efisiensi pemasaran secara ekonomi masing-masing saluran pemasaran di Desa Hargotirto. Metode dasar yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analisis. Metode penentuan lokasi secara purposive di Desa Hargotirto, Kecamatan Kokap, Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Metode pengambilan responden secara random dengan teknik undian sejumlah 93 responden. Pengambilan responden saluran pemasaran dengan snowball sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam menghitung analisis usaha dan pemasaran untuk mengetahui biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan usaha, biaya pemasaran, keuntungan pemasaran, dan marjin pemasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata penerimaan sebesar Rp51.366,22, biaya total sebesar Rp25.401,16, danrata-rata pendapatan sebesar Rp25.959,05. Terdapat tiga pola saluran pemasaran di Desa Hargotirto. Total biaya pemasaran masing-masing saluran pemasaran yaitu Rp5.845,30, Rp5.374,72, dan Rp3.407,73. Total keuntungan pemasaran masing-masing saluran pemasaran yaitu Rp7.640,39, Rp7.343,56, dan sebesar Rp9.960,95. Total marjin pemasaran pada masing-masing saluran yaitu Rp6.636,36, Rp5.000,00, dan Rp4.849,91. Nilai farmer’s share untuk masing-masing saluran pemasaran yaitu 72,35%, 77,99%, dan 78,20%. Crystal coconut sugar is an innovative product from processing coconut palm in the powder or granular form that have a yellow to brown colour. A total of 433,820 kg of crystal coconut sugar made in Hargotirto Village. The aim of this research is to analyse the cost, revenue, income, marketing cost, benefit cost, marginal marketing, and marketing efficiency economically in Hargotiro Village. The method applied is the descriptive method. The sample area is chosen on purposive sampling. The sample of producent is taken by random and take 93 sample. The method of take snowball sampling marketing channel respondents. The data analysis used is the cost analysis, revenue, income, marketing cost, benefit cost, and marginal marketing. The result of the research business analysis shows that are total rate revenue of crystal coconut sugar Rp51,360.22. That are three pattern of marketing channel of crystal coconut sugarin Hargotirto Village. Total benefit for each marketing channel is Rp7,640.39, Rp7,343.56, and Rp9,960.95. Total Marginal marketing for each marketing channel is Rp6.636,36, Rp5.000,00, and Rp4.840,91. Farmer’s share for each marketing channel is 72,35%, 77,99%, and 78,20%.

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Results of experimental work on the application of the aquacrop rotation practice in fish ponds in Iraq

Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries) ◽

10.33920/sel-09-2106-05 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 56-67

Author(s):

Farhan Yasin Hamed Farhan Yasin Hamed ◽

Lydia Mikhailovna Vasilyeva ◽

Natalia Viktorovna Sudakova ◽

Ali Attala Muheisin ◽

Adelia Zakirovna Anokhina

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Fish Farming ◽

Fish Ponds ◽

Average Value ◽

Fish Breeding ◽

Feed Costs ◽

The Cost ◽

Fish Productivity

The use of the crop rotation method in fish farming makes it possible to increase fish productivity and crop yields in ponds. In the countries of the Middle East, in recent years, the Aqua Crop rotation practice has been developing, in particular, the consistent cultivation of fish and rice in fish ponds, which allows eliminating the contradictions between these crops and increasing production efficiency. In Iraq, an experiment was carried out on the variable cultivation of rice and carp in fish ponds for four years, with the aim of introducing this practice into the country’s agriculture. Four ponds, each with an area of 7.5 hectares, were involved. The research was carried out in two variants: in experiment No.1 rice was grown in the first year, fish in the second, then rice again and in the fourth year — fish, in the second experiment, on the contrary, at the beginning of the fish, then rice, etc. The fish-breeding season lasted 9 months (March to November). Fish-breeding indicators were studied in detail: survival rate, feed costs, fish productivity, the results of rice cultivation were judged by yield. In addition, indicators of economic efficiency were determined according to a simplified scheme. The results indicate that, in general, fish-breeding indicators turned out to be higher when growing fish in ponds after rice, so fish productivity increased by almost 30% with an average value of 3.9 t/ha, feed costs decreased, while rice yield increased by 15–16% and averaged 3.6 t/ha. The best fish-breeding indicators were obtained in the second experiment after rice was grown in the ponds for two years. Economic calculations confirmed the advantages of using the aquacrop rotation practice, so in the second experiment the cost of marketable fish decreased by 10%, and the profitability increased by almost 30%.

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Energy cost, fluid and electrolyte balance in subarctic survival situations

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1964.19.1.1 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Terence A. Rogers ◽

James A. Setliff ◽

John C. Klopping

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Cold Exposure ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Urine Volume ◽

Extracellular Fluid ◽

Electrolyte Balance ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Base Balance ◽

The Cost

In two experiments a total of 12 men were subjected to 5 days of starvation under survival conditions in the winter subarctic. They wore flying clothing rated at 3.5 clo. The caloric cost, as calculated from oxygen consumption, was 2,300 kcal/m2 for the first day and 2,000 kcal/m2 for subsequent days at ambient temperatures of -30 C. At -10 C the cost of subsequent days fell to 1,500 kcal/m2. The subjects lost 8% of body weight but regained 5% body weight after 5 days refeeding on a barely maintenance diet. One-third of the original (8%) weight loss was due to an isotonic contraction of extracellular fluid. Changes in heart rate, pulse pressure, and hematocrit consistent with this fluid contraction were observed. Although the water intake did not exceed the 5-day urine volume (5 liters), the subjects did not experience thirst until after return to the warm. Note:(With the Technical Assistance of William P. Esser and Kermitt R. Skrettingland) caloric cost; cold exposure; electrolyte balance in starvation; fasting; fluid balance in starvation; IMP, integrating motor pneumotachograph; fat carbohydrate and protein catabolism in cold exposure and starvation; cold diuresis; sodium, potassium and acid-base balance in acute starvation Submitted on June 3, 1963

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Technical Assistance

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818300010304 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 603-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Assistance Program ◽

Integration Program ◽

The Face ◽

Technical Assistance Program ◽

Fundamental Education ◽

The Cost ◽

Regional Projects

The annual report of the Technical Assistance Board (TAB) to the Technical Assistance Committee, which covered the activities of the Expanded Program of Technical Assistance (EPTA) during 1959 and, coming as it did at the end of the first decade of operations of the program, completed the record of the first ten years, was made public in June 1960. The report revealed that the period under consideration (July 1950 to June 1960) had ended with the pledge of an increase in UN technical assistance, following some reduction in the size of the 1959 program. Although the amount pledged by the 83 member governments for operations in 1959 had been $29.6 million, causing a 3 percent reduction in the amount spent to deliver aid, pledges for 1960 were expected to reach an all-time high of $33.4 million. In the face of the retrenchment necessary in 1959, the size of the technical assistance program in Africa had continued to rise modestly, the continent having received 14 percent of the aid given on a worldwide scale, as compared to 12 percent in 1958, while slight reductions in the Latin American and Middle Eastern programs had been necessary. However, the largest expenditure on regional projects, as in the past, had been in Latin America, where the cost of UN and specialized agency participation in such projects as the Fundamental Education Center in Mexico, the Andean Indian Program, and the Central American Economic Integration Program had reached $1.1 million. A substantial proportion of new EPTA operations had been in the form of assistance to the emerging states of Africa, financed by the use of contingency funds amounting to $1.2 million in all, thus making it possible to initiate assistance for which funds would not otherwise have been available.

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PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIONS IN THE SOCIO-HUMANITARIAN SPHERE: CHALLENGES AND WAYS TO OVERCOME

Global Prosperity ◽

10.46489/gpj.2021-1-1-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1-2) ◽

pp. 40-48

Author(s):

Andrii Moisiiakha ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Administration ◽

Public Management ◽

Collective Responsibility ◽

State Regulation ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Vast Number ◽

Eu Integration ◽

Social Nature ◽

Crucial Effect ◽

Essential Change

EU integration and globalization trends require new mechanisms and methods of regulating economic processes to transform Ukraine into an economically developed powerful state. Innovation is an integral part of any production cycle, but to achieve better results, innovation processes and relationships in the creation and implementation of innovative technologies in the national economy require active participation and great attention from the state. The main emphasis of such attention should be focused on organizational, legal and institutional support of innovation, which requires solving a vast number of problems of intensive development. The end of the twentieth century was a period of spreading ideas about the need to change the paradigm of public administration. Scientists began to realize the need to move to a new model of public administration based on strengthening the social nature of government. The change in approach implies an essential change in the state's role: from the producer of public goods to the regulator of market processes. During the implementation of this model, the most crucial effect is possible if the principles of openness, innovation, decentralization, and a combination of market and state regulation, individual freedom and new forms of individual and collective responsibility.

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