Features of the restoration of Buddhist thangka

Цель статьи — познакомить реставраторов и исследователей с традиционными и современными методами реставрации буддийской живописи на холсте, c оборудованием и материалами, которые применяются в лаборатории научной реставрации восточной живописи Государственного Эрмитажа. Актуальность данной работы продиктована развитием реставрационной практики буддийской живописи в последние десятилетия. В исследовании показано, как появление новых высокотехнологичных материалов, оборудования и методов исследования памятников позволяет реставратору более эффективно работать с ними. Также в данной работе показаны результаты изучения и исследования двух тангка. Комплексное исследование тангка, проведенное силами специалистов научно-исследовательских лабораторий, позволило правильно выбрать методики реставрации. Кроме этого, в работе приводятся краткие исторические сведения об иконографии и технологии создания тангка. В статье проводится анализ реставрационных методик и их выбора, рассматриваются этические проблемы, связанные с допустимой степенью вмешательства в структуру памятника. На примере сравнения подходов к реставрации двух буддийских тангка, реставрированных в разные годы (тангка «Образ буддийский Дорджэ Лэкпа» в 2018 году и тангка «Махакала синий шестирукий, трехглазый, стоящий на слоне с человеческой фигурой» в 2021 году), описаны различные методики. Анализ проведенных реставрационных мероприятий включает в себя описание проведенных исследований памятников до реставрации и методов отчистки поверхности, укрепления красочного слоя, восполнения грунта, выравнивания основы и восполнения утрат красочного слоя. В статье показана практическая значимость и результативность применения различных материалов, оборудования и методов реставрации буддийской живописи. Обобщены результаты реставрации обоих памятников. The aim of the article is to acquaint restorers and researchers of Buddhist painting on canvas with traditional restoration methods combined with modern equipment and materials that are used in the Laboratory of Scientific Restoration of Oriental Painting of the State Hermitage Museum. The relevance of this work is dictated by the development restoration practice of Buddhist painting in recent decades. It is shown in the study how the emergence of new high-tech materials, equipment and methods of studying monuments allows the restorer to work with them more effectively. Also in this paper, the results of the study and study of two thangkas are shown. Comprehensive the thangka study conducted by the specialists of research laboratories made it possible to choose the right restoration techniques. In addition, a brief work of historical information about the iconography and technology of creating a thangka is provided. The restoration techniques and their choices are analyzed in the article. Also the ethical problems related to the permissible degree of interference in the structure of the monument are examined. Using the example of comparing approaches to the restoration of two Buddhist thangkas restored in different years: the “Dorje Lakpa Buddhist Image” thangka in 2018, and the “Mahakala blue, 6-handed, 3-eyed, standing on an elephant with a human figure” thangka in 2021, various techniques are described. The analysis of the restoration measures carried out includes a description of the studies carried out on the monuments before the restoration, and methods of cleaning the surface, strengthening the paint layer, replenishing the soil, leveling the base and replenishing the losses of the paint layer. The article shows the practical significance and effectiveness of the use of various materials, equipment and methods of restoration of Buddhist painting. In conclusion, the results of the restoration of both monuments are summarized.

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THE IDEA OF «COMMUNITY» IN THE GOVERNMENT CONCEPTS OF GALICIA OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

Scientific and Informational Bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law Named after King Danylo Halytskyi - Scientific and informational bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law named after King Danylo Halytskyi ◽

10.33098/2078-6670.2019.8.20.15-21 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

Liubomyr Ilyn

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

19Th Century ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Distinctive Features ◽

Legal Studies ◽

Legal Principle ◽

General Scientific ◽

The Government ◽

The Right ◽

The 19Th Century

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the views of social and political thinkers of Galicia in the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. on the right and manner of organizing a nation-state as a cathedral. Method. The methodology includes a set of general scientific, special legal, special historical and philosophical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematic and comprehensive. The problem-chronological approach made it possible to identify the main stages of the evolution of the content of the idea of catholicity in Galicia's legal thought of the 19th century. Results. It is established that the idea of catholicity, which was borrowed from church terminology, during the nineteenth century. acquired clear legal and philosophical features that turned it into an effective principle of achieving state unity and integrity. For the Ukrainian statesmen of the 19th century. the idea of catholicity became fundamental in view of the separation of Ukrainians between the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. The idea of unity of Ukrainians of Galicia and the Dnieper region, formulated for the first time by the members of the Russian Trinity, underwent a long evolution and received theoretical reflection in the work of Bachynsky's «Ukraine irredenta». It is established that catholicity should be understood as a legal principle, according to which decisions are made in dialogue, by consensus, and thus able to satisfy the absolute majority of citizens of the state. For Galician Ukrainians, the principle of unity in the nineteenth century. implemented through the prism of «state» and «international» approaches. Scientific novelty. The main stages of formation and development of the idea of catholicity in the views of social and political figures of Halychyna of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries are highlighted in the work. and highlighting the distinctive features of «national statehood» that they promoted and understood as possible in the process of unification of Ukrainian lands into one state. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

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Sensitivity of the Nonsubsidized Consumption Promotion Mechanisms of New Energy Vehicles to Potential Consumers’ Purchase Intention

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4293

Author(s):

Yuqing Lin ◽

Jingjing Wu ◽

Yongqing Xiong

Keyword(s):

Purchase Intention ◽

Urban Traffic ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Concept Induction ◽

New Energy ◽

Education Levels ◽

The Right ◽

Policy Incentives ◽

New Energy Vehicles

With the background of China’s new energy vehicles (NEVs) subsidies declining, there is an important practical significance to effectively play the role of the nonsubsidized consumption promotion mechanisms. The nonsubsidized mechanisms for NEVs are classified into two types—concept induction and policy incentives, and differences in the sensitivity of the two types of mechanisms on potential consumer purchase intentions due to differences in urban traffic patterns and consumer education levels are analyzed. The results show that consumers in cities with medium to high traffic pressure are more sensitive to the right-of-way privileges component of the policy incentives, and consumers in cities with low traffic pressure are more sensitive to the charging guarantee component of the policy incentives. Consumers with medium to high education are more sensitive to the pro-environmental component in concept induction, and consumers with low education are more sensitive to the charging guarantee policy component of the policy incentives. Therefore, the implementation of the nonsubsidized mechanisms for NEVs in China should adopt differentiated strategies based on local conditions and vary with each individual.

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Legal views of E. Olesnytsky

10.33098/2078-6670.10.22.39-48 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 39-48

Author(s):

Liubomyr Ilyn

Keyword(s):

Legal Protection ◽

Legal Culture ◽

Political Activity ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Comparative Approach ◽

Public Interests ◽

Cooperative Movement ◽

Special Scientific ◽

General Scientific ◽

The Right

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal and state views of E. Olesnytsky, in particular his assessment of imperial law, as well as practical activities as a lawyer and one of the initiators of the cooperative movement in Galicia in the early twentieth century. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was a set of general scientific, special scientific and philosophical methods, as well as the principles of historicism. The key was the biographical method and the comparative approach, which allowed to reveal the peculiarities of the formation of legal views of E. Olesnytsky. Findings. It is established that through the prism of the analysis of political and legal views of E. Olesnytsky it is possible not only to trace the level of legal culture, social and political activity of the population of Galicia, but also to determine the practical content of imperial legislation. The influence of I. Franko and socialist ideas in general on the legal views of E. Olesnytsky, who was one of the founders of the «Сhasopys Рravnycha», actively analyzed the imperial regional legislation for expediency, rationality and compliance with public interests. This work was key in raising the level of legal culture of the population, and after 1891 it was supplemented by the legal activity of E. Olesnytsky. Among the regional legislation, the lawyer's special attention was drawn to the right of propination, which gave large landowners a monopoly on the production and sale of alcohol. After 1901, E. Olesnytsky focused on the development and popularization of the cooperative movement in Galicia, including the legal protection of producers and sellers of agricultural products. Originality. The directions of E. Olesnytsky's professional and professional interests in the field of economic and financial law of Austria-Hungary, advocacy and organization of the cooperative movement are determined. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal research, preparation of special courses.

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Denmark: experience of market turnover of agricultural land

Ekonomika APK ◽

10.32317/2221-1055.202103089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 317 (3) ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

Ihor Yurchenko

Keyword(s):

Structural Model ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Empirical Method ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Agricultural Lands ◽

Logical Scheme ◽

Logical Method ◽

Danish Experience ◽

The Right

The purpose of the article is to reveal the experience of the functioning of the market circulation of agricultural land in Denmark, in order to further implement in Ukrainian practice, the positive and avoid negative aspects of this experience. Research methods. The study used an empirical method (comprehensive assessment of the modern model of market turnover of agricultural land in Denmark); generalization and systematization (construction of the concept and logical-structural model of economic turnover of lands); abstract-logical method (theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions). Research results. It was found that the tightly regulated market turnover of agricultural land in Denmark was changed to a more liberal one, with permission to buy land for foreigners, but this not only did not attract investment as expected, but on the contrary, led to even more negative and crisis phenomena in country. The main tools, mechanisms and conditions of land turnover in agriculture of this country are determined. Scientific novelty. The main purpose of regulating the market turnover of land in Danish agriculture has been established. The legal framework of Denmark for regulating the market circulation of agricultural land has been studied. The structural and logical scheme of market circulation of agricultural lands is formed. The provisions on the Ukrainian model of regulating the market turnover of agricultural lands were further developed, taking into account the experience of the studied country. Practical significance. The results of the study of the experience of the Kingdom of Denmark on the market turnover of land, in terms of granting non-residents access to the right to purchase agricultural land, is a clear practical answer and a caveat that should undoubtedly be taken into account in Ukraine. The application of the Danish experience should help to build an effective model of market turnover of agricultural land in our country. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 18.

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Methodological Approach to the Assessment of Neo-Industrial Export Specialization

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20219305021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 93 ◽

pp. 05021

Author(s):

Elena Andreeva ◽

Alla Golovina

Keyword(s):

Methodological Approach ◽

Practical Significance ◽

High Tech ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Industrial Export ◽

Innovation Potential ◽

Determining Factors ◽

International Demand ◽

Integral Assessment ◽

Export Specialization

The relevance of the article is due to the importance of the development of export of high-processing industries. Objective: to develop methodological support for assessing the neo-industrial export specialization of regions and its determining factors. The research methods included identifying potential assessment parameters and testing their applicability based on the analysis of economic development statistics of the region selected as an example. The proposed methodological support for the assessment of neo-industrial export specialization includes its integral assessment, assessment of goods and services, assessment of the contribution of the high-tech component to the change in exports, ranking of regions by absolute values of high-tech exports. The method of assessing the factors of neo-industrial export specialization involves the assessment of indicators that identify these factors of exo-and endogenous order – the development of manufacturing production, innovation potential, transport potential, the development of the export support system, and the international demand for the region's products. The practical significance of the proposed methodological support lies in the fact that it makes it possible to analyze the neo-industrial export specialization of Russian regions and the factors of its development, and to identify and analyze possible directions of development in this area.

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Recovery of a vandalized canvas painting our Lady of the Rosary from Vrlika (Croatia)

Ge-conservacion ◽

10.37558/gec.v18i1.828 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 247-257

Author(s):

Sandra Sustic ◽

Ivan Rezic ◽

Mario Cvetkovic

Keyword(s):

Visual Analysis ◽

18Th Century ◽

Paint Layer ◽

General Factor ◽

Oil Painting ◽

War Of Independence ◽

Black And White ◽

Parish Community ◽

Visual Materials ◽

Painting On Canvas

This study is related to the major recovery project of an 18th century oil painting on canvas depicting Our Lady of the Rosary, the patron saint of the parish community of Vrlika and its surroundings. During the Croatian War of Independence in 1992 it was taken off the main altar and vandalized by the paramilitary units. This resulted in termination of a century long tradition of annual feasts in Vrlika in which the painting was publicly displayed and carried by the townsmen. Based on the available visual materials: a high resolution old black and white photograph and the low resolution coloured one, respectfully, using the computer colorization algorithm, and also relying on detailed visual analysis of the original paint layer, a major reconstruction was carried out in 2017. This research has demonstrated that the recovery of the artworks with dramatic losses is an extremely complex social phenomenon difficult to characterize by any general factor or based on any general approach.

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Menemukan Strategi Pengembangan Kawasan Industri Melalui Analisis Sektor Unggulan Kota Binjai

Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan ◽

10.14710/jwl.4.1.45-64 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Dessy Eresina Pinem

Keyword(s):

Service Sector ◽

Building Materials ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Local Potential ◽

High Tech ◽

Multiplier Effects ◽

The Government ◽

The Right

<pre>The industrial sector is a primary sector has the potential to create a progressive growth in a region. The growth in the region rely on the industrial sector was driven by sales of production, employment, and other multiplier effects so that many of districts or cities in North Sumatra try to develop this sector. The industry that can be developed is an appropriate industrial potential and local resource to be optimal growth in the region. In RTRW Kota Binjai years 2011 - 2030, District of North Binjai designated as an industrial area. Industries that are planned to be developed are a high-tech industry. But the problem is whether the type specified in the RTRW industry is the industry that corresponds to the potential of local resources and the District of North Binjai? The purpose of this paper is to find the right industry to be developed by local potential or excellence, especially in the District Binjai Utara Binjai. The analytical tool used is the analysis of LQ, shift share and SWOT discovered the potential and advantages that can be seen Binjai compliance with industry directed by RTRW. The analysis results show that the industrial sector is not a primary sector or potential sector in Binjai. The results of LQ and shift share analysis show that the sector with the potential to be developed in Binjai was the construction sector, finance, and services. The similarity with the RTRW policy is only in the service sector. This shows that the service sector can be developed while the computer industry, multimedia, publishing, and printing) is not in accordance with the local potential. However, if the government still wants to develop the industrial sector in North Binjai, there should be diversification strategies, namely building-related industry sectors, such as industry superior building materials and mining industries.</pre>

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Intellectual Capital of Technological Transformation of Economy of Industrial Region

Journal of Applied Economic Research ◽

10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.4.025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 641-665

Author(s):

A.A. Chursin ◽

◽

A.V. Yudin ◽

P.Yu. Grosheva ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Capital ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Technological Development ◽

Practical Significance ◽

High Tech ◽

Time Interval ◽

Technological Transformation ◽

Industrial Region ◽

Technological Structure ◽

Industrial Regions

The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to strengthen and expand the technological transformation of the Russian economy, which should contribute to the growth of high-tech products production and increase the competitiveness of domestic manufacturers in the world market. The hypothesis of the study is that the component features of the intellectual capital of the industrial region determine the predisposition/absence of predisposition of its economy to make a transition to a new dominant technological structure. The purpose of the scientific research is to identify the types of intellectual capital and which of them form the predisposition of regions to the technological transformation of their economies. During the study, the following tasks were solved: structural elements of intellectual capital that affect the innovative and technological development of the region, namely: education, are justified; innovative competencies; innovative skills; altruism; cognitive and non-cognitive competencies; sensitivity to change and adaptation to technological changes. Extractive, mono-inclusive and multi-inclusive type of intellectual capital of industrial regions, corresponding to the fourth, fifth and sixth technological framework, respectively, is disclosed. A methodology for estimating intellectual capital, which determines the dominant technological structure of the economy of the industrial region, has been developed on the basis of the use of the matrix method and Frobenius norms, which make it possible to conduct research over a long-time interval taking into account the dynamic trends of the main capital elements. The testing of the author's methodology revealed that such territories as Kemerovo Region, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Perm Territory, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Tatarstan, Sverdlovsk Region, Udmurt Republic, Chelyabinsk Region, Chuvash Republic and Yaroslavl Region have intellectual capital for further technological development of the region's economy. The novelty of the obtained results lies in the development of a typology of regions, which enables one to identify the territories most prone to further technological transformation of the economy in the context of types of intellectual capital. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of their use by authorities as a tool for developing a strategy for industrial development and structural adjustment of the economy of industrial regions.

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IS THERE A "RIGHT" OF PARENTHOOD?

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.93.4.646 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 646-646

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

High Tech ◽

Health Insurance Company ◽

Insurance Company ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Infertility Treatments ◽

The Right ◽

Mass Starvation

A woman was enraged (recently) because her health insurance company, after paying for two unsuccessful attempts at in vitro fertilization, had refused to reimburse her for further infertility treatments. "They're depriving me of my right to become a mother," she said, "and I'm going to sue them." But where is it written that our society owes everyone the "right" to become a parent, regardless of the financial or ethical cost?... Almost no one has questioned the notion of parenthood as a right and infertility as a disaster that must be fought with all the high-tech tools of modern medicine . . . but when infertility is viewed simply as one misfortune on a scale of sorrows—less horrible, say, than mind destroying diseases or mass starvation—the ethical balance looks quite different.

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Mental Health and Behavior Control

10.1093/med/9780190277000.003.0013 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Robert M. Veatch ◽

Amy Haddad ◽

E. J. Last

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Practice ◽

Decisional Capacity ◽

Ethical Problems ◽

Risks And Benefits ◽

Patient’S Autonomy ◽

Harm To Others ◽

Right To Refuse Treatment ◽

The Right ◽

And Behavior

This chapter focuses on the special challenges of ethical problems in mental health and behavioral health settings. The basic elements of informed consent, the special problems with decisional capacity, and the right to refuse treatment are examined in the light of mental health practice. The controversy that results from various understandings and meanings of the cause and treatment of mental illness are explored. Pharmacological and medical therapies such as electroconvulsive therapy and aversive therapy are discussed, with a focus on the parties who are in a position to judge the risks and benefits of such therapies. The interests of third parties are also explored as justification for overriding a patient’s autonomy because of potential serious harm to others.

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