scholarly journals Methodological Approach to the Assessment of Neo-Industrial Export Specialization

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 05021
Author(s):  
Elena Andreeva ◽  
Alla Golovina
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Industrial Export ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
International Demand ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
Export Specialization

The relevance of the article is due to the importance of the development of export of high-processing industries. Objective: to develop methodological support for assessing the neo-industrial export specialization of regions and its determining factors. The research methods included identifying potential assessment parameters and testing their applicability based on the analysis of economic development statistics of the region selected as an example. The proposed methodological support for the assessment of neo-industrial export specialization includes its integral assessment, assessment of goods and services, assessment of the contribution of the high-tech component to the change in exports, ranking of regions by absolute values of high-tech exports. The method of assessing the factors of neo-industrial export specialization involves the assessment of indicators that identify these factors of exo-and endogenous order – the development of manufacturing production, innovation potential, transport potential, the development of the export support system, and the international demand for the region's products. The practical significance of the proposed methodological support lies in the fact that it makes it possible to analyze the neo-industrial export specialization of Russian regions and the factors of its development, and to identify and analyze possible directions of development in this area.

scholarly journals Methodological approaches and applied evaluations of inclusive rural development

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Serhii Kyryziuk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The purpose of the article is substantiation of the theoretical and methodological provisions of inclusive rural development and the development of guidelines for assessing social, economic and political changes in rural areas for compliance with the principles of inclusive development. Research methods. As a methodological base for the development of the problem under study, the provisions of the concept of inclusive growth and development, as well as rural development, were used. The research used methods: analysis and synthesis (in the study of the nature and main provisions of inclusive rural development), comparative analysis (in the analysis of methods for developing integrated indices and determining their advantages and disadvantages), statistical methods (for calculating the integral index of inclusive rural development). Research results. The research improves the theoretical and methodological principles of inclusive rural development and develops methodological approaches to its measurement. The proposed methodological approach is based on the measurement of inclusive rural development in two areas: the sectoral dimension, which includes the political, social and economic components of inclusion; a component dimension that assesses inclusion at the level of access, quality and distribution of goods and services. The existing methodological approaches to the development of integrated indices that can be used for measuring inclusive rural development are analyzed. Given the advantages and disadvantages of available methods, as well as the possibility of their application for the purposes of this study, the feasibility of using the method of weighted amounts for integrated assessment of inclusive rural development is justified. The normative approach was used as a method of standardization of indicators. It is established that the lag in the level of inclusive development in rural areas is -0.073 or -11.7% of national indicators. The variation of deviations in the components of sectoral inclusion is higher than in the component inclusion. In the sectoral dimension, the largest deviation of indices compared to national indicators is observed for social inclusion (-0.122 or -16.3%), and the smallest - for political (-0.04 or -6.8%). Variation of deviations from national indicators by types of inequality in access, quality and distribution of goods and services - by component inclusion, has a smaller range: -9.2… -13.2%. Scientific novelty. Theoretical provisions of inclusive rural development are developed and a methodological approach for its assessment is proposed based on the use of a two-dimensional matrix of indicators, which includes three sectoral dimensions (political, social and economic) and three component dimensions of inclusiveness (accessibility, quality and distribution of public goods and services). Practical significance. The developed methodological approach can be used to monitor the program documents implementation in the sustainable development sphere, the implementation of rural development policies and inclusive development. The flexibility of the methodological approach as for using different sets of indicators allows it to be implemented at the UTC level, which is planned to justify and test in the following publications. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 13.

Methodological approach to integrated effectiveness assessment apply of aviation systems with UAVs. Evaluating methods for effectiveness of solving radio technical reconnaissance and aircraft destruction of targets tasks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Pantenkov
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Mathematical Apparatus ◽  
Optoelectronic System ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Integral Assessment

Currently, the use of aviation systems with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) of various classes and purpose for the benefit of both special customers and civilian purposes has acquired particular relevance and practical significance. Modern UAVs, used both separately and as part of the group, can carry several target loads on board at the same time, built on various physical principles: multifunctional optoelectronic system, digital aerial photography system, on-board radar station, radio and radio reconnaissance system, communication system for transmitting data from target loads (sensors) to a mobile device (for example, a tablet) to a remote subscriber, etc. At the same time, the issue of determining the evaluation of the effectiveness of solving both individual target tasks of UAVs and finding an integral assessment of the effectiveness of using aircraft systems with UAVs when solving a set of target tasks (sequentially or sequentially-in parallel in time), taking into account their priority and a number of other factors, remains practically unlit. The scientific and technical article consists structurally of three parts and is devoted to the consideration of the issues of finding an integral assessment of the effectiveness of the use of aviation systems with unmanned aerial vehicles. In the first part of article [1], a scientific and methodological approach has been developed to determine estimates of the effectiveness of solving private target problems of radio communication and remote monitoring (by optical and radar means) by a complex with UAVs. The second part of the article presents a mathematical apparatus for assessing the effectiveness of solving problems of conducting radio-technical reconnaissance and aircraft destruction of targets. As a criterion for the effectiveness of solving all private target problems, a universal indicator of the probability of solving them has been adopted, which will ultimately allow for convolution and determine an integral assessment of the effectiveness of solving a whole set of target problems. The methodological apparatus developed in the article is universal and invariant to the input parameters, that is, the number of solved target problems, the stage of operation of the complex with UAVs, and can be easily adapted to the new conditions for the use of other complexes with UAVs. Within the framework of this approach, a mathematical apparatus for functional dependence of probabilities of solving particular target problems with design parameters of target loads in the UAV has been developed, taking into account the peculiarities of its functioning and in the conditions of existing restrictions and assumptions. The scientific and methodological approach allows already at the stage of formation of the tactical and technical task for the complex with UAVs to obtain quantitative estimates of the probabilities of solving private target tasks using the technical backlog of industrial enterprises for key components from the complex (target loads, a set of communication facilities, etc.). Finding effectiveness estimates in the group application of UAVs, as well as taking into account possible electronic counteraction, goes beyond the scope of this article and is the direction of further research on this topic.

scholarly journals The Main Modernization Directions of the Industrial Complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
N.N. Belanova ◽  
A.D. Kornilova ◽  
V.V. Mantulenko ◽  
A.V. Mantulenko
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Innovation Infrastructure ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Investment In Fixed Assets

The functioning of enterprises in the conditions of economic uncertainty and high risks associated with it, dependence on external economic conjuncture, low competitiveness of domestic goods and services of Russia give determine a range of problems that can be solved only through modernization reforms in industry. They are determined by the formation of a competitive type of industrial production in Russia and high-tech industries that are able to generate high technology and modernize the sectoral system of national reproduction. Modernization of the Russian industry is based on internal growth factors using modern technologies and business methods with a gradual increase of the innovation potential. The purpose of the study is to identify the main directions of modernization for the formation of a modern competitive industry as the basis for ensuring economic growth and improving the quality of life of the population. To achieve this goal, the authors used dialectical, system-functional, economic-statistical, and formal-logical methods. In this contribution, the authors summarized the main directions of the implementation of industrial policy, presented statistical data on the creation of industrial parks. To strengthen the industrial potential of the Russian economy, it is necessary to provide conditions for the development of modern production, increasing production and energy efficiency, and increasing investment in fixed assets. The authors developed measures for the modernization of the industrial complex and predicted results of this program. Among key activities there are the development of affordable investment and innovation infrastructure, the creation of industrial parks and the development of the institutional environment.

scholarly journals Development of the Digital Economy in the Context of Improving the Methodological Support for the Formation and Assessment of Institutional Mechanisms of Innovation Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Denis Mironov ◽  
Viktor Blaginin ◽  
Lyudmila Shaybakova
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Information Uncertainty ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Innovation Activities

The practice of reforming macrosystems and attempts to transition from resource and industrial to digital economy showed that the lack of an institutional component increases information uncertainty, prevents the development of various forms of cooperation, increases the degree of risk in the implementation of exchange and contracting, causing an increase in economic, social and transactional costs, as well as higher prices for goods and services. The formation of institutional mechanisms of innovative development of the Russian Federation requires the development of appropriate scientific-methodological, regulatory and legal and information-analytical framework for effective regulation of the formation processes of high-tech economy, which is a pressing problem for our country. The paper identifies institutional factors, as well as areas to enhance and improve the effectiveness of innovation activities; established economic risks in an imperfect institutional environment; identified institutional components of the integration mechanism to ensure innovative economic development; proposed a methodological approach to assessing the quality of the institutional environment, as well as a diagnostic mechanism of its state.

Digital tax: an instructive foreign experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-87
Author(s):  
K.S. Teteryatnikov ◽  
S.G. Каmolov ◽  
D.A. Blashkina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Digital Products ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Usa ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article is meant to analyze current problems and prospects for the development of effective tax policy as part of digital transformation of Russian economy. Introduction of a digital tax and the consequences of the digital tax reforms in the EU, the USA and OECD countries are highlighted. The necessity of qualitative transformation of the tax system of the Russian Federation in response to modern challenges is substantiated, taking into account the changes of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation adopted at the end of July 2020. The authors suggested their own concept of a digital tax and the prospects for its adoption in Russia, and consider it inappropriate to impose taxes on Internet users who do not use the Internet for business. Today, the main focus should be made on creating and testing effective technologies that allow on-line monitoring the tax basis of digital economy entities, taking into account the cross-border movement or use of digital products (goods and services). In addition, it would be extremely important to provide for a potential tax exemption for part of the profits of international ICT companies that are received on the territory of the Russian Federation and reinvested in joint with Russian companies projects in the high-tech for civil purposes area.

scholarly journals Infrastructure governance in the post-networked city: State-led, high-tech sanitation in Addis Ababa’s condominium housing

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110370
Author(s):  
Liza Rose Cirolia ◽  
Tesfaye Hailu ◽  
Julia King ◽  
Nuno F da Cruz ◽  
Jo Beall
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
City State ◽  
Sanitation Systems

Ethiopia’s mass-scale subsidized housing delivery programme has driven the rapid expansion of middle-income, mid-rise settlements on the outskirts of Addis Ababa, requiring the provision of infrastructure to newly developed areas. In the case of the Kotari housing project, established sanitation systems were deemed inappropriate for the site, resulting in the deployment of novel technology, a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR). Such decentralised technologies contribute to the heterogenous infrastructure configurations which characterise Addis Ababa’s sanitation landscape, reflected not only in material configurations but also in how they are governed. In this paper, we use the concept of ‘infrastructure interfaces’ as an analytical device to identify the key material connection points in the system. Working across scales, we scrutinise the governance arrangements at these critical junctures: the household, the block, the condominium, and the city. Our analysis challenges established understandings of infrastructural heterogeneity driven by the private sector, either through financialized elite infrastructures or informal survivalist practices. In Kotari, the state is the driver and the target is the lower middle class. Centring the state in these infrastructure configurations provides nuance to our understanding of how heterogeneity emerges. Our methodological approach accounts for governance at various scales, providing fresh insights into the relationality of infrastructure, particularly the human/technology interface and infrastructural failures. The case shows the importance of transcending binary readings of infrastructure configurations, such as on/off grid, state/private and formal/informal. Future work on the post-network city must go beyond simply denigrating or valorising alternative modes of service delivery.

Globalization and Transnational Human Capital: Overseas and Returnee Scholars to China

2004 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 735-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Zweig ◽  
Chen Changgui ◽  
Stanley Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Employment System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
The Government ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
People’S Perceptions

As societies internationalize, the demand for, and the value of, various goods and services increase. Individuals who possess new ideas, technologies and information that abets globalization become imbued with “transnational human capital,” making them more valuable to these societies. This report looks at this issue from five perspectives. First, it shows that China's education and employment system is now highly internationalized. Secondly, since even Chinese scholars sent by the government rely heavily on foreign funds to complete their studies, China is benefiting from foreign capital invested in the cohort of returnees. Thirdly, the report shows that foreign PhDs are worth more than domestic PhDs in terms of people's perceptions, technology transfer and in their ability to bring benefits to their universities. Finally, returnees in high tech zones, compared to people in the zones who had not been overseas, were more likely to be importing technology and capital, to feel that their skills were in great demand within society, and to be using that technology to target the domestic market.

Ефективність інноваційної діяльності харчової промисловості в системі цілей сталого розвитку країни

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 319 (5) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Olha Kovalenko ◽  
Liudmyla Yashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Methodical Approach

The purpose of the article is to improve approaches to assessing the effectiveness of innovative activities of the food industry and its individual subsectors to identify prospects for development and problems that can hinder the sustainable development of this area of production and the country as a whole. Research methods. The article uses the methods of theoretical generalizations and comparisons, which made it possible to comprehensively consider and generalize methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of innovation in industries. When systematizing the calculated data by the intensity of innovation costs, the methods of statistical classification and grouping were used. To achieve the goal of the study, the methodology for assessing the level of manufacturability of industries has been improved (the OECD methodology is taken as a basis), which made it possible to re-evaluate the effectiveness of innovative activities in sub-sectors of the food industry with an emphasis on the computerization of production. Research results. The article presents a methodical approach to assessing the effectiveness of innovation in the food industry. The study is based on the OECD methodology for assessing the manufacturability of industries, which is to calculate the weighted average cost intensity of R & D. The application of this approach to the food industry has confirmed the too low level of its innovative manufacturability. It was found that due to the lack of relevant statistics on R&D expenditures, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of innovation in certain sectors of the food industry. It is proposed to solve this problem with the help of capital investment indicators, which are invested in the software of industries and are directly related to the level of computerization of technological processes. The obtained indicators of the intensity of software costs are ranked in descending order and divided into three groups according to the level of computerization, which characterizes the efficiency of innovation, as its level increases profits and profitability in industries. This will contribute to the goals of sustainable development of the country (including goals 2 and 9) and increase the competitiveness of the food industry. Scientific novelty. A methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of innovative activities of sub-sectors of the food industry in Ukraine is proposed, which will contribute to the formation of a new look at the research methodology of this area of knowledge. Practical significance. Designed for professionals in the field of food industry economics, scientists, teachers, graduate students and students of higher educational institutions. The results of the study can be used by experts to assess the level of manufacturability of industries. Tabl.: 3. Refs.: 30.

Fundamentals of the economy of space activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihail Afanas'ev ◽  
Mihail Bendikov ◽  
Stanislav Korunov
Keyword(s):  
Course Design ◽  
Federal State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Space Project ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Space Activities ◽  
Selection Of

The textbook describes in detail the classification of space goods and services, the segments and sectors of the global space market, the development prospects and the positioning of Russian enterprises in them. The methodological feature of the course consists in new approaches to the segmentation of the market and areas of space activities, identifying their deep relationships with the space industry. The practical side of the course is aimed at studying the methodology and practice of space project management, space pricing, organization of placement and execution of space government orders, and market analytics. The tutorial contains test questions for each chapter, test tasks, and a wide selection of topics for course design. The subject of the course papers is related to the specific activities of the enterprises of the space industry. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for third-year undergraduate and graduate students specializing in the field of training 38.03.01 and 38.04.01 "Economics" in the specialties "Economics of Space activities", "Economics of high-tech industries".

scholarly journals Assessing the Investment Attractiveness of Food Industry Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (521) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
L. I. Bezghinova ◽  
◽  
L. D. Zabrodska ◽  
H. I. Zabrodska ◽  
O. M. Nesterenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Industry Affiliation ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The article is aimed at substantiating the methodological approach to assessing the investment attractiveness of the food industry enterprise, taking into account its industry characteristics. The article describes the specifics of the activities of food industry enterprises, which can characterize the state of their investment attractiveness. The methodological aspects of assessment of investment attractiveness of enterprise are considered. The assessment of the investment attractiveness of a food industry enterprise is proposed to be carried out from the short- and long-term perspective. The methodology for assessing the investment attractiveness of the food industry enterprise is substantiated according to the following stages: formation of an information base of assessment; assessment of investment attractiveness elements and determination of their normative values by groups of financial coefficients; integral assessment of elements of the state of investment attractiveness; ranking of enterprises based on the results of the investment attractiveness assessment. Four groups of financial coefficients are distinguished in accordance with their economic content: liquidity (absolute liquidity ratio, coverage ratio); negotiability (negotiability ratio of total capital, negotiability ratio of current assets); financial sustainability (coverage structure coefficient, ratio of own and borrowed funds); profitability (return on assets, return on equity). The methodology allows, depending on the priorities and policies of the enterprise, its industry affiliation, investment climate, economic development conditions, to choose other criteria and indicators to assess the level of investment attractiveness. A methodical approach to the construction of an integral indicator of the assessment of investment attractiveness of enterprise and a factor map of its interpretation with the allocation of low, medium and high levels are proposed.

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