scholarly journals The Underlying Factors of Soil Susceptibility to Erosion in Central Parts of Southeastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-207
Author(s):  
Romanus Udegbunam Ayadiuno ◽  
Dominic Chukwuka Ndulue ◽  
A.T. Mozie ◽  
C.C. Ndichie
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Geologic Hazard ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
The Government

Soil erosion in southeastern Nigeria has a high devastating tendency which created a natural geologic hazard is causing loss of arable farm lands, destroying properties and other social infrastructures like pipelines, roads, bridges, over head and underground cables that are being exposed and or washed away by deep gully erosions. Investigations into the underlying factors of soil susceptibility to soil erosion in southeastern Nigeria led to this work. The study areas are the twenty six Local Government Areas within the centre of the zone which are Anaocha, Orumba North, Aguata, Nnewi South and Orumba South in Anambra State; Umunneochi, Bende, Ohafia, Arochukwu and Isuikwuato in Abia State; Afikpo North, Afikpo South, Ivo, Ohaozara and Onicha in Ebonyi State; Aninri, Oji River, Ezeagu, Udi and Awgu in Enugu State, and Idea to North, Idea to South, Okigwe, Orlu, and Orsu in Imo State. The dataset for this research work are from secondary and primary sources. Secondary Data were extracted from other journal publications among others, while primary data were in the form of measurement during field visit, photographs and geophysical soil survey and verification. Descriptive Statistics, Student t-test and Chi-square test analysis were used. The result shows that the soils across the study area generally are predominantly sandy with a mean of fine sand at 28.22% and coarse sand at 43.40%, while the mean of clay and silt are very low, 17.82% and 10.56% respectively. The study concludes that high sand content in the composition of soil in the study area is responsible for high rate of soil erosion in the area and therefore recommends a policy framework from the government of Nigeria that will encourage a paradigm shift from roots and tubers crop production that exposes the soil, to orchard plantation.

scholarly journals Is Cut-Flower Industry Promotion by the Government Negatively Affecting Pollinator Biodiversity and Environmental/Human Health in Uganda?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Bin Mushambanyi Théodore Munyuli
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The Impact

A study was conducted from 2010 to 2012 around the flower growing areas in central Uganda to generate baseline information on the status of pollinators. Primary data were gathered using a questionnaire that aimed at determining farmers and flower farm officials’ perceptions on the impact of activities carried out inside greenhouses on pollinators, human health, and on crop production in the surroundings. Results indicated that the quantity of pesticides and fertilizers applied daily varied among the different flower farms visited. Bee species richness and abundance varied significantly (P<0.01) according to flower farm location, to the landscape vegetation type, and to field types found in the surrounding of flower farms. Bee richness found around flower farms varied in number from 20 to 40 species in total across seasons and years. Bee density increased significantly with the increase in flower density. Small-scale farmers were aware of the value and importance of pollination services in their farming business. There was no clear evidence of a direct effect of agrochemicals application on bee communities living in the surrounding habitats. There is a need for further research to be conducted on human health risks and for toxicological studies on soils, plants, flowers, and bees in the farm landscape.

scholarly journals What Determines Employment in the Formal and Informal Sectors of Pakistan? Primary Data Insights from Lahore

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ayyoub ◽  
Durdana Qaiser Gillani
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors

In developing countries, despite the fact that a larger part of GDP is generated by the formal sector, most people earn and spend their lives in the informal sector. We identify the determinants of formal and informal sectors’ employment in the urban areas of district Lahore, by conducting a household survey in 2015. The multinomial logit model is used to analyze the data obtained from a sample of 309 workers. Our results indicate that personal, socio-economic and household factors are essential for regulating employment in both sectors. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence that employment in the sectors in question is significantly determined by the level of higher education, age, working experience of individuals, marital status, sound educational background of the parents of workers, the number of dependents and the presence of assets. The study also provides the policy framework to channelize employment opportunities in the urban labor market and advises the government to enhance the growth potential of workers by expediting the provision of higher education and other skill acquisition initiatives.

An Impact of Innovations on Agricultural Production and Malong the Koshi-Highway of Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-175
Author(s):  
Shyam Prasad Wagle
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

 The study assesses the impact of using new technologies on crop production and marketing of selected crops particularly in the case of the Eastern hills. It also evaluates the role of governmental and non-govrnmental organizations to improve agricultural production systems too. Relevant data have been collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data draws from the interview, key informant survey and field observation. For this, 30 percent sample households were selected from three altitude belts (upper, middle and lower belts) ranging from 300 to 2,250 masl along the Koshi-highway. It has a wide range of climates, ranging from sub-tropical to alpine with monsoon precipitation in the summer for three and half months and therefore it has diversity in flora and fauna, and people. Similarly, secondary data havebeen gathered from various books, journals and official records. This paper presented that the crucial impact of acceptance of innovative methods in agriculture in the study area is a combined effort of both local people and government. The government together with the development agencies and non-government organizations has contributed to impart knowledge of the agriculture innovative methods in the local farmers and at the same time, the farmers were enthusiastic to learn and adopt those methods. As a result, one can easily see the remarkable changes in crop production due to the impact of new technologies.

scholarly journals Diaspora remittances and development of small and medium enterprises in Benin-City, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Amadin Victor Idehen ◽  
Karen I Akhator
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Benin City ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The study examined diaspora remittances and the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Benin-City. The objective of the study is to establish the impacts of diaspora remittances on the development of SMEs in Benin- City. The survey approach involved an online study. The major sources of data used were primary and secondary data. The primary data were elicited through the use of an online questionnaire. The data were analyzed and presented using a statistical technique such as tables and percentages. The secondary data adopted a longitudinal research design covering the period 1991-2018, which is readily available in World Bank data. The technique adopted is multiple regressions to test the hypothesis. E-view econometric software 8.0 was used for the analysis. The result revealed that in the long run, migrant remittance (MRI) and exchange rate (EXCR) which is a supporting variable have a positive and significant impact on the development of small and medium enterprises (DSMEs) in Nigeria. The result also revealed that most diaspora remittances are on consumption. Based on the above findings, it was recommended that the government should develop a policy framework that will harness the effort of diaspora toward the development of the economy of the state, and Edo state government should collaborate with agencies in charge of remittances to remove all encumbrances to remittances to encourage the diaspora to improve on their remittances.

scholarly journals The Role of Potato Seed Cooperative on the Livelihood of Rural Households in Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Wegayehu Bogale Fitawek ◽  
Belaineh Legesse
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural Cooperatives help their members to increase their yield and incomes by pooling their resource to support collective service provisions and economic empowerment. The objective of this paper is to provide empirical evidences of the impact of potato seed producing cooperatives on the livelihoods of rural households in the study area. The study has used cross-sectional data of year 2013. Primary data were collected from the sample of 172 households (82 from Haramaya and 90 from Kersa districts) from both members of cooperative and non-member. A propensity score matching method was used to evaluate the impact of potato seed producing cooperative on household income, expenditure and asset. The evaluation results revealed that member of potato seed production cooperative have got higher income from crop production, total annual income and asset holdings amounting to Birr 29 006, 33 901 and 47 768 respectively. Members also spent Birr 11 728 more than non-member households. This indicates membership to potato seed cooperative is found to have a positive and significant on livelihood indicators. Therefore, the government and other non-government organization like ISSD should provide more support to expand seed producing cooperative to improve the livelihood and food security statues of the rural households.

scholarly journals Women’s Perception of the Effects of Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) on their Livelihood Activities in Ondo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-154
Author(s):  
G. T. Ajayi ◽  
J. O. Okunlola
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
The Government

The study was carried out to investigate the women’s perception of the effects of Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) on their livelihood activities in Ondo State, Nigeria.  A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to randomly select 120 respondents from three benefitting Local Government Areas in the state. Primary data were collected with the aid of interview schedule and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, mean as well as Chi square. The mean age of the respondents was 42 years. Most (70.8%) of the respondents were married with mean household size of 6 persons, were ordinary members of social groups (73.3%) and were farmers (46.7%) with and a mean monthly income of ₦18,000.00. Most (60.2%) of the respondents had agricultural value chain activities as their livelihood activities. The study revealed that the respondents had positive perception of CSDP projects such as construction of; potable water supply project (4.01), road/bridge (4.04), health and maternity centre (4.01), community hall/viewing centre (4.06), skill acquisition centre (4.21), market (4.10). There was a significant association between CSDP micro-projects and selected livelihood activities such as crop production (χ2Cal =13.2), livestock production (χ2 Cal =39.8), farm produce processing (χ2Cal =4.3), gathering of wood (χ2Cal =5.4), petty trade (χ2Cal =21.0) and gathering of non-timber products (χ2Cal =4.6). Women’s perception of effects of CSDP projects on their livelihood activities was favourable. Therefore, the study recommends that development strategies and plan should be well structured by the government to improve the livelihood activities of women especially agriculture for improved income and livelihoods.

scholarly journals Twitter Sentiment Analysis on Indian Government Project using R.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 8338-8341 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Majority Vote ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Emotion Lexicon ◽  
Government Project ◽  
The Government

The main motive behind this research paper is to use the power of social media to observe, examine and analyze the opinion regarding recent Indian government project as the opinion of people plays a vital role in formulating the government policies. By getting into the deeper insights on social media, one can easily analyze the behavior of people regarding various issues and policies, which was otherwise impossible using traditional sources. The case study was done on Statue of Unity. Analysis was done on one of the famous social networking sites i.e. Twitter, using R programming language. Twitter API was used to collect the primary data. Tweets were analyzed by using opinion lexicon and Emotion lexicon-based approaches. Opinion Lexicon based approach categorized the sentiment of tweets in three categories, while Emotion Lexicon based approach refined them into eight more categories. The research work done in this paper will help government to understand the emotions of people regarding their policies and will also enrich people to help them understand majority vote of people

scholarly journals Zimbabwe’s Youth Empowerment Programme and Poverty Alleviation amongst Youths in Gweru Urban District

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-126
Author(s):  
Fungayi Promote Maraire ◽  
Constantine Munhande
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Youth Empowerment ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
The Government ◽  
Micro Credit

Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment programme was a public-private partnership between the Government of Zimbabwe and some Zimbabwean financial institutions. The aim of the programme was to alleviate poverty amongst youths through the provision of micro credit. Established in 2009 as the panacea for Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment challenges, there is very little credible data on the performance and effectiveness of this noble intervention that was criticised by some as partisan. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the extent to which Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment programme was able to achieve its main objective of alleviating poverty amongst the youths in Zimbabwe’s Gweru Urban District. The paper adopts a qualitative case study research design utilising both primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data was collected through semi- structured interviews with key informants as well as researcher observation. Secondary data was mainly obtained through searches of both physical and online libraries and repositories. Qualitative content analysis is the method used to analyse the data. The research findings reveal that the objectives of the programme were indeed relevant to the current challenges being faced by the youth in Zimbabwe. However, the programme had very little effect on youth poverty and unemployment in Gweru Urban District which remains high. Possible reasons for the limited effectiveness could be the fact that few youth projects were funded as compared to the number of youths that were in need of funding. The high rate of collapse of the youth projects funded coupled with the failure to sustain production levels achieved after accessing the loans also meant that chances of employment creation were limited. There were however, a few success stories noted by the study. The study recommends more training for beneficiaries if such programmes are to be more effective in future. This study is of significance as it adds to the existing body of knowledge the effectiveness of micro credit as a poverty alleviation strategy. Moreover, the paper is of importance to the Zimbabwe government and other development agents as it provides credible and perhaps more reliable accounts on the performance and effectiveness of Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment programme.

scholarly journals Readiness Level of Residents in Bishkek to E-Government Services

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azamat Maksüdünov
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
The Government

Digital transformation has been increasing in all fields of human being around the globe. Within this global trend Kyrgyz Republic also declared its National Development Strategy for 2018-2040 in 2018, which outlines the contours of the country's digital transformation. In the country, 2020 is declared the year of digitization and the process has begun. Although all this transformation processes are crucial in terms of development and building transparent state, such significant changes don’t occur without challenges. Along with main obstacles such as poor infrastructure, limited financial and human resources, residents’ readiness to embrace e-services is also matter. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to examine residents’ readiness level to e-government services. The scope of the study is limited to Bishkek, capital of Kyrgyz Republic, for several reasons. First of all, e-government services are piloted in Bishkek, and then implemented in other regions. The second reason is related to high rate of online population in Bishkek. Primary data were obtained using structured questionnaire among residents. Findings of this empirical study can provide useful insights in terms of public policy on digital transformation. Especially, the government can gain very useful insights into readiness level of consumers and their anxieties about e-government services. Deeper understanding of users’ behavior can be reliable base for making decision to eliminate this problem as an obstacle for digital transformation.

scholarly journals The Construction Subcontracting Policy Framework for Developing Local Contractors Capacities in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
M. Mambwe ◽  
E. M. Mwanaumo ◽  
F. Phiri ◽  
K. Chabota
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Method Approach

The Zambian construction industry, like many developing countries, has over the past years experienced an imbalance in the distribution of works between local and foreign contractors. In a bid to bridge the gap, the Government of the Republic of Zambia in 2012 introduced a policy on subcontracting which provided for mandatory subcontracting of 20% of all major contracts to local contractors. There has however been outcries from subcontractors that the policy has not been beneficial. The study sought to investigate subcontracting practices in order to develop a framework for building capacity for local contractors within the construction industry in Zambia. The objective of the study was to explore the regulatory requirements on subcontracting in Zambia and establish the 20% subcontracting policy inadquescies . The study adopted the mixed-method approach in which both semi-structured interviews (main contractors, sub-contractors consultants and project owners) and survey questionnaire were adopted for primary data collection. The questionnaire was distributed to 70 respondents and a response rate of 71% was attained. The investigation was conducted on 40 projects implemented in Zambia between 2012 and 2015. The study established four major deficiencies of the policy which include: subcontractors do not participate early in the procurement process and are introduced after contract is awarded; no clear guidelines on the implementation of the policy; subcontractors do not take part in determining works; and it is difficult to grow capacity of local contractors using the 20% subcontracting policy because contractors engaged to be main on projects do not show interest in developing and building local contractors capacity due to lack of incentives. A framework was developed that can be used to meet the study objectives and that of the policy in subcontracting and reduce the current inadequacies. The study recommended the use of the proposed framework by the government to reduce the current gaps.

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