scholarly journals Comportamiento de la arquitectura y flexibilidad muscular con el uso de kinesiotape en músculos gastrocnemios acortados en sujetos jóvenes: ensayo clínico randomizado (Behavior of muscle architecture and flexibility with the use of kinesiotape in shorten

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 344-350
Author(s):  
Carolina Haydée Gajardo Contreras ◽  
Paula Macarena Caballero Moyano ◽  
Cristian Alejandro Caparrós Manosalva ◽  
Jessica Andrea Espinoza Araneda ◽  
Eduardo Jesus Soto Abarca
Keyword(s):  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
The Third ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles ◽  
Muscular Architecture ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Ensayo Clínico

  Objetivo: Analizar los efectos del kinesiotape sobre la arquitectura y flexibilidad de los músculos gastrocnemios acortados en sujetos jóvenes durante tres días de aplicación. Método: Veinticinco jóvenes sedentarios con acortamiento del músculo gastrocnemio, fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo experimental (GE=13) intervenido con KT durante 72 horas y a un grupo control (GC=12). Se evaluó la flexibilidad del gastrocnemio y del sóleo. La arquitectura muscular, representada en la longitud del fascículo, grosor y ángulo de penación muscular, fue evaluada con un ultrasonógrafo en Modo B en ambos grupos. Para determinar los efectos de KT, se aplicó una prueba t. Todos los análisis fueron con una significancia p<0.05. Resultados: ultrasonográficos mostraron un aumento significativo en la longitud del fascículo muscular (p=0.021), y una disminución en el grosor (p=0.037) y ángulo de penación (p=0.026) muscular post-intervención con KT en el GE. La flexibilidad de los músculos gastrocnemio y sóleo aumento frente a la aplicación del KT pero sin cambios significativos. No se presentaron diferencias en el análisis entre el GE y GC. Conclusión: La aplicación de KT en sujetos con acortamiento de gastrocnemio, permite una mejor flexibilidad muscular al tercer día de uso, favorecido, posiblemente, por una modificación en la arquitectura muscular.   Abstract: Objetive: To analyze the effects of kinesiotape on the architecture and flexibility of shortened gastrocnemius muscles in young subjects during three days of application. Method: Twenty-five sedentary youth with shortening of the gastrocnemius muscle were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG=13) intervened with KT for 72 hours and to a control group (CG=12). The flexibility of gastrocnemius and soleus was evaluated. The muscular architecture, represented in the length of the fascicle, thickness and angle of muscular pennation, was evaluated with a Mode B ultrasound in both groups. To determine the effects of KT, a t-test was applied. All analyzes were with a significance of p <0.05. Results: The ultrasonographic results showed a significant increase in the length of the muscular fascicle (p=0.021), and a decrease in the thickness (p=0.037) and pennation angle (p=0.026) post-intervention muscle with KT in the EG. The flexibility of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles increased compared to the application of KT but without significant changes. There were no differences in the analysis between the EG and CG. Conclusion: The application of KT in subjects with shortening of gastrocnemius, allows a better muscular flexibility on the third day of use, possibly favored by a modification in the muscular architecture.

Effect of Stretching on Ankle and Knee Angles and Gastrocnemius Activity during the Stance Phase of Gait

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie A. Johanson ◽  
Brian J. Cuda ◽  
Jonathan E. Koontz ◽  
Julia C. Stell ◽  
Thomas A. Abelew
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles ◽  
Experimental Group

Context:Stretching exercises are commonly prescribed for patients and healthy individuals with limited extensibility of the gastrocnemius muscle.Objective:To determine effects of gastrocnemius stretching on ankle dorsiflexion, knee extension, and gastrocnemius muscle activity during gait.Design:Randomized-control trial.Setting:Biomechanical laboratory.Participants:Sixteen volunteers (9 men and 7 women, mean age = 27 y) with less than 5° of passive ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion randomly assigned to an experimental or control group.Intervention:The experimental group performed gastrocnemius stretching for 3 wk.Main Outcome Measures:Maximum ankle dorsiflexion, maximum knee extension, and EMG amplitude of the gastrocnemius muscles were measured between heel strike and heel-off before and after intervention.Results:No significant effect of group or time was found on maximum ankle dorsiflexion, maximum knee extension, or EMG activity of the medial or lateral gastrocnemius muscles between heel strike and heel-off. The experimental group had significantly greater passive ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion bilaterally at posttest than the control group.Conclusions:Stretching did not alter joint angles or gastrocnemius muscle activity in the early to midstance phase of gait.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING SKILL AT THE THIRD GRADE OF SMK PAB 3 MEDAN ESTATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryanti Napitupulu And Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of applying Demonstration Method on students’ achievement in speaking skill. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade XII, Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: SMK), which consisted of 79 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was speaking test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula. The result of the reliability was 0.7, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 77, t-observed value 8.9 > t-table value 1.99. The findings indicate that using Demonstration Method significantly affected the students’ achievement in speaking skill. So, English teachers are suggested to use Demonstration Method in order to improve students’ achievement in speaking skill.

scholarly journals Reducing Aggression by Developing Emotional and Inhibitory Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5263
Author(s):  
Miriam Romero-López ◽  
María Carmen Pichardo ◽  
Ana Justicia-Arráez ◽  
Judit Bembibre-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Experimental Group

The objective of this study is to measure the effectiveness of a program on improving inhibitory and emotional control among children. In addition, it is assessed whether the improvement of these skills has an effect on the reduction of aggressive behavior in pre-school children. The participants were 100 children, 50 belonging to the control group and 50 to the experimental group, aged between 5 and 6 years. Pre-intervention and post-intervention measures of inhibitory and emotional control (BRIEF-P) and aggression (BASC) were taken. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model analysis (GLMM) was performed and found that children in the experimental group scored higher on inhibitory and emotional control compared to their peers in the control group. In addition, these improvements have an effect on the decrease in aggressiveness. In conclusion, preventive research should have among its priorities the design of such program given their implications for psychosocial development.

scholarly journals The occurrence rate and clinical application of Osteo-line on the femur neck

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingchen Zou ◽  
Haotian Wu ◽  
Shuangquan Yao ◽  
Dong Ren ◽  
Song Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Femur Neck ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background This study was done to observe the incidence of Osteo-line on the femur neck and to explore the clinical application of Osteo-line in osteotomy. Methods Eighty-nine adult femur specimens were selected to observe the incidence of Osteo-line on the femur neck. From August 2015 to January 2019, a total of 278 patients who completed unilateral hip arthroplasty at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retrospectively included. Patients who accepted osteotomy via Osteo-line on the femur neck were defined as the experimental group (n = 139), and patients who accepted osteotomy via traditional method (The femoral distance 1.5 cm above the trochanter was retained for osteotomy by visual inspection.) were defined as the control group (n = 139). According to the postoperative pelvic X-ray, Photoshop was used to evaluate the leg length discrepancy (LLD) by the CFR-T-LT method. Results Among the 89 specimens, the incidence of anterior Osteo-line was 75.28%, and the incidence of posterior Osteo-line was 100%. According to the clinical application results, the incidence of anterior Osteo-line on the femur neck was 80%, and the incidence of posterior Osteo-line was 100%. The Osteo-line was clearer than those on the femoral specimens. Twenty-six cases had LLD greater than 1 cm (9.29%), including 2 cases in the experimental group and 24 cases in the control group. The average postoperative LLD in the experimental group (0.19 ± 0.38 mm) was significantly shorter than in the control group (0.54 ± 0.51 mm)(P = 0.005). Conclusion The incidence of Osteo-line on the femur neck was high, and patients who accepted osteotomy via Osteo-line on the femur neck can achieve shorter postoperative LLD than the control group.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SILICON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON BROILER CHICKEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nikulin ◽  
Aleksandra Mustafina
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the study is to increase the productive qualities of broiler chickens by including ultrafine silicon oxide into main diet. During the experiment, the biological effect of ultrafine silicon oxide on broiler chickens was estab-lished. Use of ultrafine SiO2 particles for poultry feeding contributed to an increase in the number of red blood cells and content of total protein and albumins. By the end of the experiment, the number of red blood cells in birds in-creased by 17.43% (P≤0.001) – in the blood of birds of the first experimental group, 16.51% (P≤0.01) – the second one, 20.80% (P≤0.001) – the third experimental and 21.71% (P≤0.001) – the fourth experimental group, compared with the indicator of the control group. The amount of total protein in blood serum of chickens of the first and the second experimental groups increased by 1.36-1.39 %, in the third and fourth ones there was a significant (P≤0.05) increase by 5.45 and 3.05%, respectively. The blood glucose content of chickens in the experimental groups is higher by 8.04-23.65% compared to this indicator with ones in the control group. During the experiment feed con-sumption per 1 kg gain of live weight decreased: in the first experimental group by 3.00 % in the second by – 0.50 %, the third – 6.00 % the fourth– by 4.50 %, compared to this with the control group. The chicken’s vibrancy of the first the experimental group was higher by 4.77 %, the second – by 6.20 %, the third – by 19.25 % and the fourth– by 11.59% than in the control one. Consequently, when converting the feed energy into the body energy of a broiler chicken, the energy conversion coefficient of the experimental group of poultry is higher than that of the control one by 7.16-21.76 %. Thus, the most optimal dose for further research was determined.

A model of entrepreneurship education in franchising – application of outside-in marketing with a behavioural focus

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-133
Author(s):  
Sara Quach ◽  
Scott Weaven ◽  
Park Thaichon ◽  
Debra Grace ◽  
Lorelle Frazer
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Implementation Evaluation ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
On Line ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose Drawing on an outside-in marketing perspective, this paper aims to outline the development, implementation, evaluation and reflection of a real-world entrepreneurship education (EE) intervention with cognitive, affective and ultimately behavioural objectives. Design/methodology/approach A specific and uniform EE program specifically targeted to current “would be” entrepreneurs who were investigating the franchising business model was developed, focusing on the behavioural outcomes. The effectiveness of the EE intervention was evaluated using a quasi-experimental research design, which involved franchisees who had not participated in the EE intervention (control group) and franchisees who had participated in the EE intervention (experimental group). The administration of the national on-line survey yielded a total of 520 responses (194 in the experimental group and 326 in the control group). Findings The planning process in the pre-intervention stage included situation analysis, objective setting and decisions in relation to the communication strategy, i.e. content and mode. The effectiveness of the EE intervention was evaluated in the post-intervention stage. The findings indicate that EE intervention resulted in participants’ positive cognitive, affective and behavioural outcomes such as performance and relationship management. Finally, following a reflection process, additional elements covering topics related to work-life balance were incorporated into the module pertaining to an individual’s suitability to become a franchisee. Originality/value This paper proposes a conceptual framework that represents an outside-in EE approach whereby problems, audiences, objectives and communication strategies (content and method) are strategically intertwined to produce relevant, measurable and diagnostic behavioural outcomes. The EE intervention can also improve the B2B relationship between actors in a business network.

scholarly journals Individual and combined usage of enzyme preparation and heat-treated cereals in pig fattening

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
M. Domaćinović ◽  
Z. Steiner ◽  
Đ. Senčić ◽  
Z. Antunovic ◽  
P. Mijić
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group

In order to reach better production and financial results of pork production different technological ways of pig fattening are researched. The purpose of this paper is to show separate results of polyenzyme application and the results of the use of heat-treated cereals in pig fattening as well as the results of their combined application. Pigs fattened on a diet with polyenzyme preparation and heat-treated cereals, either separately or combined, were characterised by an insignificantly higher growth rate and their feed intake per kilogram of weight gain was low compared to pigs fed standard mixtures (control group). In statistical terms, the relative portion of muscle tissue in pork carcass was significantly lower in experimental group 3 fed the mixture with heat-treated cereals than in the other groups. The absolute portion of muscle tissue in pork carcass was statistically more important in experimental group 2 (45.15 kg) receiving the mixture of enzyme additive and heat-treated cereals, and the least important in experimental group 3 (40.92 kg) fed heat-treated cereals. During pig fattening the income for experimental groups was higher than for the control group because of better production results. Average values covering variable expenses show the increase only in the third experimental group in the second fattening period compared to the control group, but these differences were of no statistical importance. &nbsp;

Role of the motor nerve in activity-induced enzymatic adaptation in skeletal muscle

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (5) ◽  
pp. C272-C277 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Henriksson ◽  
H. Galbo ◽  
E. Blomstrand
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Enzymatic Adaptation ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

The sciatic nerve was cut on one side in 11 male cats, and a piece of the nerve was removed. The cats were then divided at random into two groups, a stimulation group (S) of five cats and a control group (C) of six cats. Bilateral electrical stimulation (2 Hz) of the gastrocnemius muscle (directly or via the motor nerve) was carried out in the S cats 4 h/day, 3 days/wk for 4 wk. The voltage delivered was adjusted in each cat so that both gastrocnemius muscles lifted identical loads the same distance. The activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle marker enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) per unit of muscle weight more than doubled in response to stimulation both in the intact and the denervated gastrocnemius muscle. Stimulation did not affect the activity of the glycolytic marker enzyme 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK) or muscle capillarization. Denervation resulted in pronounced (approx 50%) fiber atrophy, which was not prevented by the stimulation. It is concluded that the presence of the motor nerve per se is not necessary for an activity-induced adaptation of the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle.

Individualized Training Based on Force–Velocity Profiling During Jumping in Ballet Dancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 788-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Escobar Álvarez ◽  
Juan P. Fuentes García ◽  
Filipe A. Da Conceição ◽  
Pedro Jiménez-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Field Method ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: Ballet dancers are required to achieve performance feats such as exciting and dramatic elevations. Dancers with a greater jump height can perform a wider range of skills during their flight time and implement more specific technical skills related to the aesthetic components of a dance choreography. New findings suggest the relationship between force and velocity mechanical capabilities (F-V profile) as an important variable for jumping performance. A new field method based on several series of loaded vertical jumps provides information on the theoretical maximal force, theoretical maximal velocity, theoretical maximal power, and the imbalance between force and velocity (F-VIMB). The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of 9 wk of individualized F-V profile-based training during countermovement jumps (CMJs) in female ballet dancers. Methods: CMJ and mechanical outputs of 46 dancers (age = 18.9 [1.1] y, body mass = 54.8 [6.1] kg, height = 163.7 [8.4] cm) were estimated in a pre–post intervention. The control group (10 participants) continued with the standardized training regimen (no resistance training), whereas the experimental group (36 participants) performed 2 sessions over 9 wk of a training plan based on their F-V profile. Results: The experimental group presented significant differences with large effect sizes in CMJ height (29.3 [3.2] cm vs 33.5 [3.72] cm), theoretical maximal force (24.1 [2.2] N/kg vs 29.9 [2.8] N/kg), and theoretical maximal velocity (4 [0.6] m/s vs 3.2 [0.5] m/s). Significant differences with a very large effect size were found in F-VIMB (43.8% [15.3%] vs 24.9% [8.7%]). Conclusion: A training program addressing F-VIMB is an effective way to improve CMJ height in female ballet dancers.

scholarly journals ОЦІНКА ФАРМАКОЛОГІЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ТРАУМЕЛЮ (AD US.VET) ТА ФОСФОРУ-ГОМАККОРД (AD US.VET) ПРИ БРОНХОПНЕВМОНІЇ СОБАК

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2(66)) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
Yu.O. Chubov ◽  
V.Yu. Kushnir
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
East European ◽  
The Third ◽  
Isotonic Sodium Chloride ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Tools And Methods

The mucous membrane of the respiratory tract is easily the immediate effects of the environment, while contact with air that is inhaled, so pneumonia is common in dogs. For the treatment of dogs, sick with  catarrhal bronchopneumonia there are a number of tools and methods, but they are not always effective. Moreover, many of these methods have long waiting period of action and significant side effects. Thet is why the purpose of our research  work was to find effective and biologically safe treatment of dogs, sick with catarrhal bronchopneumonia and installation pharmacological effectiveness of complex antihomotoxic preparations Traumel (ad us.vet) and Phosphor-Homakkord (ad us.vet). The material for the study were 40 dogs aged 1 to 3 years old, weighing 34 to 43 kg (German and East-European sheep-dog), sick with acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia. Each animal was subjected to clinical and hematology research. Sick animals were divided in to four groups: ten animals to each group. First and second – control groups, third and fourth – experimental groups. In the first group we used mukaltyn 0.5 g orally twice a day up to recovery, bitsillin 3 50 th. UA / kg once every three days by intramuscular injection, dissolving in 2 ml of isotonic sodium chloride and vitamin B12 1 ml once a day subcutaneously for 10 days. In the second control group instead of bitsillin-3 was used antibiotic combi-kell 1 ml per 10 kg weight of body subcutaneously once every three days up to recover.In the third and fourth groups we used the lymphotropic complex antihomotoxic therapy with using the homeopathic preparations Traumel and Phosphor-Homakkord in conjunction with traditional means. Thus, in the third group was used inside mukaltyn 0.5 g twice a day up to recovery, bitsillin 3 50 th.UA / kg once every three days vnutrishom'yazovo dissolving in 2 ml of isotonic sodium chloride lidasa intradermally 32 IU with 1 ml of 0.5% solution of novocaine 3 days in a row, then 3 times a week, Traumel regional lymphotropic three consecutive days to 1 ml intradermally, then every three days and Phosphor- Homakkord lymphotropic regionally 1 ml 1 every 3 days to recovery . In the fourth experimental group used the same treatment, but instead of bitsillin-3 was used Combi-Kell 1 ml / 10 kg subcutaneously once every three days to recover.The results of our researches show that using of complex anthyhomotoxic therapy is appropriate and therapeutically effective versus conventional therapy.So despite the fact that there are a wide number of preparations and methods for treatment of dogs, sick with catarrhal bronchopneumonia, they are not always effective. As shown by our researches, using of compex anthyhomotoxic lymphotropic with the preparations Traumel and Phosphor-Homakkord reduces the duration and improve the quality of treatment.

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