scholarly journals Possible Bacteria Pathogens Found in the Internal Surface of Ladies Handbags in Umuahia, Abia State, South-Eastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Nwankwo E.O. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Bacteria including the pathogenic species have been isolated from fomites, these organisms are sometimes multidrug resistant and are of public health concern. It is therefore important to isolate and identify potential bacterial pathogens associated with the internal surface of ladies handbags, in Umuahia, Abia state. One hundred and forty swabbed samples were collected from the ladies hand bags in different groups of individuals which include; Nurses, civil servants, students and market women. Also the handbags from which the samples were collected includes: Leather, Cotton, Nylon and Polyester and velvet handbags. The bags were swabbed with sterile swab sticks and inoculated on different types of culture media and incubated at 37o C for 24 hours. Bacterial isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods including biochemical tests before subjecting isolates to different antimicrobial sensitivity test that was carried out by disc diffusion method. The following bacteria were isolated from the internal surface of the handbags, Coagulase Negative Staphylococci 6(2.6%), Escherichia coli 36(15.7%), Klebsiella spp. 14(6.1%), Staphylococcus aureus 49(21.3%), Bacillus spp. 48(20.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5(2.2%), Proteus spp. 5(2.2%), streptococcus spp. 31(13.5), Micrococcus spp. 20(8.7%), Salmonella spp. 3(1.3%) and Enterococcus faecalis 13(5.7%). Most of the isolates were sensitive to levofloxacin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and resistant to ampiclox, chloramphenicol and erythromycin. Potentially pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics can be spread by hand contact from ladies handbags. Keywords: Bacterial pathogens, ladies handbags, antibiogram

scholarly journals Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Nigerian Naira Notes in Circulation at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
Zainab S. Na'inna
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Contamination of currency notes by pathogenic microorganism is a public health concern. An improved understanding of the bacteriological quality of currencies would help us better understand the role of money as a medium of transmitting infections. This study investigates the bacteriological quality of Nigerian currencies circulating in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) in Kano metropolis. A total of 128 Naira note samples containing 16 pieces of each denomination of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 were aseptically collected from different cash units of the hospital and subjected to standard microbiological methods for the enumeration and isolation of bacteria. The susceptibility of the bacterial isolates to antibiotics was investigated using disk diffusion method. The mean aerobic mesophilic bacterial count of the currency notes range between 3.10 x104 cfu/mlto 5.25 x104 cfu/ml. Different bacterial species were isolated which include E. coli, Klebsiella spp, Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative Staphylococci, with S. aureus having the highest frequency of occurrence of 37 (46.2 %). Findings of antibacterial susceptibility test indicated that100% of the isolated Gram negative bacteria were susceptible to Meropenem, followed by susceptibility to Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin. However, the isolates were found to be highly resistant to Augmentin (55%) and Cefuroxime (32%). On other hand, the Gram positive bacterial isolates were highly susceptible to Erythromycin (84%), Gentamycin(83%), Clindamycin (79%),and Oxicillin (78%) while few of the isolate showed resistance to Penicillin(24%), Oxacillin (22%), and Clindamycin, (16%). The study reveals that currency notes in circulation at AKTH may serve as vehicles for the spread of disease causing organisms. Cashless transactions and use of hand sanitizers is therefore recommended to reduce the risk of infection. Key words: Naira notes, Contamination, Hospital environment

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiogram Profiles of Salmonella Isolated from Pigeons in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Sahadat Hosain ◽  
Md Ariful Islam ◽  
Mst Minara Khatun ◽  
Rubel Kanti Dey
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Live Bird

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in apparently healthy pigeons at the live bird markets, farms and villages in the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Cloacal swabs (n = 36), foot pads (n = 36) and feces (n = 40) of pigeons were collected aseptically and inoculated onto various culture media for isolation of Salmonella. Identification of Salmonella from culture positive samples was performed by cultural characteristics, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests. The prevalence of Salmonella in cloacal swabs, foot pads and feces was 22.22%, 58.33% and 27.50%, respectively. The overall prevalence of Salmonella in pigeons was 35.71%. Pigeons at live bird markets, farms and villages showed a 40.48%, 20% and 30% prevalence of Salmonella, respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity tests of the Salmonella was performed by the disc diffusion method against 10 randomly used antibiotics. The highest rate of resistance was found with amoxicillin (90%) followed by ampicillin (80%), erythromycin (80%) and tetracycline (60%). The highest rate of sensitivity was recorded to ciprofloxacin (80%) followed by sulphamethoxazole (70%), chloramphenicol (60%), kanamycin (60%), gentamicin (60%) and nalidixic acid (60%). Data from this study suggest that pigeons carry multi-drug resistant Salmonella which can be transferred to humans through direct contact or the food chain and could cause a potential public health hazard. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v1i2.14090 Microbes and Health, 2012 1(2): 54-57

scholarly journals Identification of pathogenic bacteria from infected Thai koi (Anabas testudineus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Mousumi Sarker Chhanda ◽  
Imran Parvez ◽  
Nazmi Ara Rumi ◽  
Md Hafiz All Hosen ◽  
Md Rezaul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

A study was conducted for identification of pathogenic bacteria from Thai koi (Anabas testudineus) and an experimental infection test was run for identifying the actual causative agent of the infection. Due to perform the experiment, the fish sample was collected from different fish farm located in Fulbari, Dinajpur to the Microbiology lab of the HSTU-Dnajpur campus and placed in tray for taking sample from different infected part such as gill, slime, muscle, fin of the fish by using wire loop then these were taking in the nutrient ager medium for observing the culture of bacteria. After then specific culture media, Salmonella-Shigella media, Mannitol salt agar media, Mac-Conkey (MaC) agar media and Eosin Methylene Blue media were used for observing specific bacterial characteristics. Then biochemical tests, Methyl red (MR), Voges-proskaure test, Triple sugar iron test, Indole test were performed for bacterial identification. As a result Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Klebshiella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were confirmed. Catalase test and Simon citrate test was also performed. Then Grams staining method was followed for microscopic observation of identified bacteria. Then experimental infection test was performed in Aquaculture lab by setting up 5 aquarium holding fresh fish. The fresh water and identified bacteria were added specifically to the aquarium and it was continued for 15 days for observing infectious symptoms. After 15 days the fish with Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were showed infectious symptoms but other did not any change in physical appearance. So it can be said that Staphylococcus spp. and Salmonella spp. are able to show ulcerative symptoms in Thai koi (Anabas testudineus) that is a bacterial infection. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2019, 5(1): 56-62

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern against E. coli and Salmonella spp. in Environmental Effluents

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Hassan ◽  
M Ahaduzzaman ◽  
M Alam ◽  
MS Bari ◽  
KB Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

Hospitals (medical & veterinary) and slaughterhouse effluents were the most contaminating effluents and need to be paid more attention due to pathogenic bacteria related to animal and public health concern. Two bacterial isolates such as E. coli and Salmonella from six medical hospitals, five veterinary hospitals and five slaughter houses were isolated to find out the antibiotic resistance pattern by using disc diffusion method. The antibiotic resistance patterns of identified isolates showed that Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Colistin, Erythromycin, Oxytetracycline were 100%, Doxycycline was 83%, Gentamycin was 50% and Neomycin was 33% resistance to medical isolates and Ampicillin, Enrofloxacin, Pefloxacin and Erythromycin were 100%, Ciprofloxacin was 40%, Colistin was 60%, Doxycycline was 80%, Gentamycin was 20%; Neomycin and Oxytetracycline 80% resistance to veterinary hospital isolates and Ampicillin, Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Colistin, Oxytetracycline, Gentamycin, Doxycycline and Erythromycin were 100% and Neomycin was 40% resistance to slaughter houses isolates of E. coli. The level of resistance of Salmonella positive isolates was found Ampicillin, Enrofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Gentamycin and Erythromycin to 100%, Ciprofloxacin was 67%, Oxytetracycline was 33% but Colistin and Neomycin was found sensitive to the isolates from both medical and veterinary hospital. Results indicated that hospitals and slaughter houses waste effluent has multiple-antibiotic resistance against E. coli and Salmonella.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2015), 5(2) 52-58

Insects as vectors of foodborne pathogenic bacteria

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Blazar ◽  
Marc Allard ◽  
E. Kurt Lienau
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
House Fly ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Salmonella Spp

AbstractFood safety is an important consideration worldwide. To maintain and improve our current knowledge of foodborne disease outbreaks, we must understand some of the more imminent issues related to food safety. A variety of agents are responsible for transmitting the estimated 76 million cases of illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens every year. This review explores why insects pose a serious health concern, in terms of worldwide food safety initiatives, by looking at evidence in published <abs>Food safety is an important consideration worldwide. To maintain and improve our current knowledge of foodborne disease outbreaks, we must understand some of the more imminent issues related to food safety. A variety of agents are responsible for transmitting the estimated 76 million cases of illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens every year. This review explores why insects pose a serious health concern, in terms of worldwide food safety initiatives, by looking at evidence in published literature. We highlight at least eleven different species of insects, including the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer); secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius); synanthropic flies [flesh fly, Sarcophaga carnaria (L.); house fly, Musca domestica (L.); fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen); and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)], American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.); German cockroach, Blatella germanica (L.); Oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis (L.); Pacific beetle cockroach, Diploptera punctata (Eschscholtz); and Speckled feeder cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier), which act as vectors for Salmonella spp. or Escherichia coli and illustrate how these insects are successful vectors of foodborne disease outbreaks. We propose that insects be considered as one of the latest issues in food safety initiatives. Not only are some insects extremely important contributors to diseases, but now we suggest that more research into insects as potential carriers of E. coli and Salmonella spp., and therefore as contributing to foodborne disease outbreaks, is granted.

scholarly journals Identification and antibiogram study of bacterial species isolated from milk samples of different locations in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Nuruzzaman Munsi ◽  
Nathu Ram Sarker ◽  
Razia Khatun ◽  
Mohammed Khorshed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
First Choice

Cow’s milk containing pathogenic bacteria is an important threat to the consumers. The objectives of the present study were to identify the bacterial agents of public health importance in milk samples (n=35) of different locations and to determine their sensitivity to different antibiotics. The milk samples were collected and transported aseptically and subsequently allowed for culture in bacteriological media, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests for the identification of bacterial species. The bacteria identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, and their prevalence, in case of vendor milk specimens (n=28), were 96.43%, 53.57% and 35.71% respectively, and of brand milk specimens (n=7), were 42.86 %, 28.57% and 0%, respectively. This suggests that cautionary measures should be taken for quality milk production and consumption. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion method and the average inhibition zones, in case of Staphylococcus aureus, were 32 mm for oxytetracycline, 26 mm for amoxicillin, 35 mm for ciprofloxacin, 27 mm for cefotaxime, 30 mm for ceftriaxone, 30 mm for azithromycin, and 26 mm for erythromycin; in case of Escherichia coli, were 5 mm for oxytetracycline, 9 mm for amoxicillin, 22 mm for ciprofloxacin, 30 mm for cefotaxime, 31 mm for ceftriaxone, 15 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin; in case of Salmonella typhi., were 25 mm for oxytetracycline, 24 mm for amoxicillin, 38 mm for ciprofloxacin, 31 mm for cefotaxime, 34 mm for ceftriaxone, 24 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin. Therefore, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone may be the antibiotics of first choice, and cefotaxime and azithromycin may be the second choice among the test antibiotics for the treatment of illness caused by these bacteria.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 457-462

scholarly journals Detection of pathogenic bacteria associated with earphones used by students of Stamford University Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Omor Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
Md Raihan Ahmed ◽  
Md Raihan Dipu ◽  
Md Aftab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The use of earphones has increased in recent times throughout the world especially among the different level of students such as school, college or university who have a higher tendency of sharing these among them. Unlike airline headsets, headphones and stethoscope ear-pieces, ear phones are often shared by multiple users and can be a potential medium for transmission of pathogens, which can give rise to various ear related infections. The objective of this study was to detect the pathogenic bacteria from the ear-phones used by the students of Stamford University Bangladesh. A total of 16 ear-phone swabs were collected by sterile cotton swabs. The swabs were inoculated onto blood agar and incubated aerobically overnight at 37oC. Microscopic observation and standard biochemical tests were performed to confirm the identification of all the bacterial isolates. Six presumptively identified Staphylococcus spp. (38%) were tested against six different types of antibiotics following Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Isolates were found to be 84% resistant against Cotrimoxazole and demonstrated 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Ciprorofloxacin. The findings of this study suggest the users to disinfect their respective ear phones and not to exchange them as they may act as a potential source to transfer pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria among the ear phone users. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 1-4

scholarly journals Bacterial Etiology of Wound Exudates in Tertiary Care Cancer Patients and Antibiogram of the Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863372095207
Author(s):  
Kiran Duwadi ◽  
Sujan Khadka ◽  
Sanjib Adhikari ◽  
Sanjeep Sapkota ◽  
Pabitra Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Patients with malignancies frequently develop infections as a result of surgical procedures and fungating wounds leading to pus formation. This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the bacteriological spectra of infections of various cancer sites and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns among the patients visiting minor operation theatre (OT) of B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital (BPKMCH), Chitwan, Nepal. Methods: Over a period of 3 months from September to November 2018, a total of 183 wound exudates and pus samples were collected and analyzed by standard microbiological procedures. Isolates were identified based on the colony characters, Gram staining and an array of biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique according to criteria set by CLSI, 2016. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus was tested with the help of cefoxitin using disc diffusion method. Results: Out of the 183 samples, 149 (81.4%) were culture positive. Among 13 different isolates identified, S. aureus (43.0%) was predominant followed by E. coli (14.0%). Higher incidence of bacteria was seen among the males (52.3%), in the age group 51 to 60 years (26.8%) and among the patients undergoing surgical intervention to deal with cancer (34.2%). The prevalence of wound infection was significantly affected by gender, age, and treatment regimen ( P < .01). Out of the total 68 S. aureus isolates, 38 (44.1%) were deemed as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Among the 158 isolates, 85 (53.8%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Cefepime was the most effective antibiotic for Gram positive isolates whereas both imipenem and meropenem were found to be equally more effective for Gram negative isolates. Conclusion: This study suggests that patients with malignancies harbor pathogenic bacteria; therefore, prudent use of antibiotics is essential to prevent the emergence of MDR pathogens.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity and resistant pattern of bacteria isolated from table eggs of commercial layers considering food safety issue

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfuzul Islam ◽  
Mirza Synthia Sabrin ◽  
Md Hazzaz Bin Kabir ◽  
Md Aftabuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus

The present study was carried out during the period of June 2016 to June 2017 to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity and resistant pattern of bacteria isolated from table eggs of commercial layers considering food safety issue. A total of 200 egg samples (100 for egg shell surface and 100 for egg content) were collected from different retail markets of Dhaka city in sterile polythene bags in a view to prevent extraneous contamination and transported to the laboratory immediate after collection using icebox. The samples were inoculated onto nutrient broth and nutrient agar plates aerobically at 37°Cfor isolation. The isolated organisms were identified based on staining, motility, colony morphology and biochemical tests. The isolated bacteria were also subjected to characterize their antibiotic sensitivity. About 74% egg samples (148 out of 200 samples) were positive for microbial contamination. Among them 100 (100 %) samples had their shells contaminated with microbes of different genera; however, only 48 (48%) growths were observed from the egg contents. The major contaminants are Escherichia coli (34.64%), Coagulase positive Staphylococcus (24.29%), Salmonella spp. (20.71%) followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (10%), Pseudomonas spp. (6.43%) and Bacillus spp. (3.93%). The isolated bacteria E. coli, Coagulase positive Staphylococcus, Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. showed their greatest sensitivity against ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and azithromycin whereas resistant against tetracycline, amoxicillin and ampicillin. There is potential for these antibiotic-resistant bacteria to be transferred to humans through contaminated eggs and are of public health concern from food safety point of view. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2018, 4(4): 323-329

scholarly journals Foodborne bacterial pathogens recovered from contaminated shawarma meat in northern Jordan

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1407-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Nimri ◽  
Fatina Abu AL- Dahab ◽  
Raymond Batchoun
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Safety Regulations

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to isolate, identify, and determine the antimicrobial resistance of the bacterial pathogens recovered from shawarma (donair) sandwiches served to the public in Jordan. Methodology: Bacterial contamination of 100 shawarma sandwiches with pathogenic bacteria was studied by culture on selective media, serology, PCR assay, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: One hundred and forty-five bacterial isolates were identified. The predominant species was Escherichia coli (28.3%), with six isolates of serotype O157:H7, followed by Salmonella spp. (25.5%). Higher contamination rates were found in chicken sandwiches. The majority of these bacteria expressed high resistance to several antimicrobials, especially tetracycline and streptomycin. Citrobacter freundii was isolated from 15.9% and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 8.3% of the sandwiches. The presence of these pathogens is of primary concern because some strains are capable of producing a heat-stable enterotoxin that causes food poisoning in humans, and should therefore be taken into account in risk assessment. Conclusions: Results signify the importance of sustained surveillance of foodborne pathogens in shawarma sandwiches to minimize the risk of contamination. Availability of data on the isolated pathogens and modes of transmission in food from different countries would provide a common ground for reaching international agreement on food safety regulations.

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