scholarly journals The Effect of Datura Innoxia Seeds and Leaves Contents on Albino Wister Rats

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Datura Innoxia ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
New Compounds

The aim of the study was to evaluate the toxic effect of Datura innoxia seeds and leaves on experimental rats by determining the elements content of seeds and leaves, the chemical compounds in aqueous and methanolic extracts of seeds and leaves and the chemical compounds in the stomach content of rats. Seeds and leaves were collected from El-Obied, North Kordofan State, Sudan, in October, 2016. The aqueous and methanol extracts were carried out by using maceration method and soxhelt apparatus respectively. Sixty five male albino wister rats, three months old and with an average body weight ranged 110-120 g, were randomly divided into thirteen groups, consisting of five rats in each group. Group 1 served as control and fed with normal rats food and water for thirty days. Groups 2, 6 and 10 administered aqueous seeds extract, groups 4, 8 and 12 received methanol seeds extract, groups 3, 7 and 11 received aqueous leaves extracts, groups 5, 9 and 13 received methanol leaves extract, all the groups received the same type of extract were administered 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg body weight respectively. The extracts administered to the rats intra gastrically using cathodal tube daily for thirty days. The elements in the leaves and seeds (K, Ca, S, Si, Cl, Fe, Al, P, Mg, Ti, Mn, Zn, Sr, Cu, V, Br and Zr) were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy. K content was the highest in seeds (5.469 ± 0.021%), Ca and S the highest in leaves (2.461 ± 0.019%, 1.254 ± 0.022 % respectively). The elements Ti, Mn, Sr, V, Br and Zr were detected in the leaves with range concentration 0.062-0.002%. The elements Si, Cl, Fe, Al, P, Mg and Zn concentration in seeds varied from 0.002 to 0.942% and in leaves varied from 0.014 to 0.346%. The concentration of these elements did not exceed the standard dangerous toxic levels. The effects of oral administration of leaves and seeds extracts to 60 healthy rats over 30 days were evaluated by monitoring the chemical changes of stomach contents. The analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of aqueous and methanolic extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids (scopolamine, atropine and hyoscyamine), fatty acids, esters, amides, amino acids, ketones, coummarins, terpinoids, phenols, alcohols and hydrocarbons compounds. New compounds appeared in the stomach contents in the treated groups and this suggest that some compounds were metabolized and circulated in the body after the oral administration of leaves and seeds extract. The study concluded that the toxicity of seeds and leaves (methanolic and aqueous) extracts are nearly have the same toxic effects on rats due to their same active ingredients (alkaloids) and the oral administration of the extracts was found to be safe up to 40 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Histological and body weight effects of Datura innoxia seeds and leaves extracts in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 018-027
Author(s):  
Ali A. Eltayeib ◽  
Siddige A. N. T. Matter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Datura Innoxia ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Histological Results

The study aim to determine the chemical compounds in aqueous and methanolic extracts of Datura innoxia seeds and leaves and to evaluate their toxic effects on experimental rats. Seeds and leaves were collected from El-Obied, North Kordofan State, Sudan, in October, 2016. The aqueous and methanol extracts were carried out by using maceration method and soxhlet apparatus respectively. Sixty five male Albino Wistar rats, three months old and with an average body weight ranged 110-120 g, were randomly divided into thirteen Groups, consisting of five rats in each Group. Group 1 served as control and fed with normal rats’ food and water for thirty days. Groups 2, 6 and 10 administered aqueous seeds extract, Groups 4, 8 and 12 received methanol seeds extract, Groups 3, 7 and 11 received aqueous leaves extracts, Groups 5, 9 and 13 received methanol leaves extract, all the Groups received the same type of extract were administered 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg body weight respectively. The extracts administered to the rats intra gastrically using cathodal tube daily for thirty days. The effects of oral administration of leaves and seeds extracts to 60 healthy rats over 30 days were evaluated by histological studies and body weight changes. The analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of aqueous and methanolic extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids (Scopolamine, atropine and Hyoscyamine), fatty acids, esters, amides, amino acids, ketones, coummarins, terpinoids, phenols, alcohols and hydrocarbons compounds. The histological results showed that administration of extracts caused pathologic changes in the organs studied. The treated Groups had lower (p ≤ 0.05) body weight gains than control Group. The study concluded that the toxicity of seeds and leaves (methanolic and aqueous) extracts are nearly have the same toxic effects on rats due to their same active ingredients (alkaloids) and the oral administration of the extracts was found to be safe up to 40 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Anti-arthritic Evaluation of Different Extracts of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. in FCA Induced Arthritis In Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Parmar ◽  
Neetesh Kumar Jain ◽  
Vivek Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Boerhaavia Diffusa

The main aim of study is to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of different extracts of Boerhaavia diffusa in arthritic rats. Different extracts were prepared by successive solvent extraction methods by using the various polar and non polar solvents and their % yields were calculated. Arthritis was induced by FCA induced arthritis model in rats and paw volume was measured on different days. Body weights of all animals were also measured simultaneously and at the end of experiment some haematological parameters were measured. On preliminary phytochemical studies extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, fatty acids, terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Among all extracts, methanolic extract significantly decreased the paw volume in all treated groups. Methanolic extracts also restored the body weight significantly. The results of our study revealed that all the extracts treated group’s causes significant alterations in the hematological parameters and maximal effects were observed at 400 mg/kg. Since methanolic extract showed best activity in arthritic model and its phytochemical study showed presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, so it may be possible that anti-arthritic activity of root extracts may be due to presence flavonoids.  Keywords: Arthritis, FCA induced arthritis, Boerhaavia diffusa, haematological parameters, and Body weight

scholarly journals Comparison of Blood Profiles of γ-Oryzanol and Ferulic Acid in Rats after Oral Intake of γ-Oryzanol

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Kokumai ◽  
Junya Ito ◽  
Eri Kobayashi ◽  
Naoki Shimizu ◽  
Hiroyuki Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Equimolar Amount ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Absorption Profile ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Blood Profiles

γ-Oryzanol (OZ), a bioactive phytochemical abundant in cereals such as rice, has been reported to be mainly hydrolyzed to ferulic acid (FA) in the body. Meanwhile, in our previous study, we revealed that a part of OZ is absorbed into the body and exists in its intact form. However, the comprehensive absorption profile of OZ and its metabolites (e.g., FA) after OZ intake has not been fully elucidated yet. Therefore, in this study, we measured the concentrations of OZ, FA, and FA conjugates (i.e., FA sulfate and glucuronide) in the blood of rats with the use of HPLC-MS/MS after a single oral administration of 300 µmol/kg body weight of rice bran OZ (RBOZ). As a result, intact OZ along with FA and FA conjugates existed in the blood, which implied that these constituents may all contribute to the physiological effects under OZ intake. Additionally, when an equimolar amount of FA (300 µmol/kg body weight) was administered, it was found that the absorption profile of FA was significantly different from that when RBOZ was administered.

Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Asiasari radix Extract in Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ramesh ◽  
K. Lee ◽  
H. W. Lee ◽  
S. J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Icr Mice

Acute oral toxicity of methanol extract of Asiasari radix was evaluated in ICR mice of both sexes. In this study, mice were administrated orally with dosages of 1000, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight of Asiasari radix extract. Mortality, signs of toxicity, body weight, food consumption, and gross findings were observed for 14 days post treatment of Asiasari radix extract. No mortality, signs of toxicity, and abnormalities in gross findings were observed. In addition, no significant differences were noticed in the body and organ weights between the control and treated groups of both sexes. These results show that the methanol extract of Asiasari radix is toxicologically safe by oral administration.

scholarly journals Effect of Oral Administration with Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 Strain on Sows during Gestation-Lactation and the Derived Impact on Their Progeny Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
César Betancur ◽  
Yordan Martínez ◽  
Guillermo Tellez-Isaias ◽  
Rogel Castillo ◽  
Xinghua Ding
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Study Results

Background. To evaluate the biological response of the sows and their offspring with oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 in breeding sows, a total of 20 Pietrain breeding sows with three farrowings and their descendants were used, randomly divided into two groups of 10 sows each. Treatments included a basal diet (T0) and basal diet +10 mL biological agent containing 109 CFU/mL L. plantarum CAM6 (T1). No antibiotics were used throughout the entire experimental process of this study. Results. The L. Plantarum CAM6 supplementation in sows’ feeding did not affect ( P > 0.05 ) the reproductive performance of the sows; however, the number of deaths for their offspring before weaning ( P ≤ 0.05 ) decreased. In addition, the oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 in sows increased ( P ≤ 0.05 ) the content of lactose, nonfat solids, mineral salts, and the density of sows’ milk, with a decrease in milk fat. Moreover, the probiotic feed orally to the sows improved the body weight ( P ≤ 0.05 ) and reduced the diarrhea incidence of their offspring ( P ≤ 0.05 ). Also, the probiotic administration of sows changed ( P ≤ 0.05 ) the serum concentration of Na+, pCO2, and D-β-hydroxybutyrate and increased ( P ≤ 0.05 ) the leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets in their piglets. Conclusion. Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 in breeding sows improved body weight, physiological status, and the health of their offspring. And preparing the neonatal piglets physiologically is of great importance to the pig farming industry which could decrease the operational cost and medication (especially antibiotics) consumption of the pig producers.

scholarly journals Application of aflubine in the treatment scheme for pigs with respiratory syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (94) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Zh. V. Rybachuk ◽  
O. Ye. Galatyuk ◽  
T. O. Romanyshyna
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Positive Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Physiological Limit ◽  
Clinical Healing

The article investigates into changes of clinical parameters and leukograms of pigs with respiratory syndrome in comparison with the use of unprotected antibiotics penicillins (amoxicillin suspension 15%), third generation cephalosporins (ceftracone) and complex therapy (ceftracone in combination with oral administration of aflubin). In pigs, many pathogens (bacteria and viruses) parasitize, which can affect the upper respiratory tract. Failure to observe the rules for the use of antibiotics for the treatment of animals leads to the formation of resistant forms of microorganisms. Therefore, the introduction of treatment regimens that simultaneously have a polyvectoral action and stimulate the functioning of the body systems (as well as the work of homeopathy), allows you to achieve a positive therapeutic effect more quickly. In a private household where pigs are kept fattened, the disease of pigs with respiratory syndrome is registered, mostly in 14–28 days after purchase. In such animals, body temperature increased to 41.0–41.1 degrees Celsius, fever, weakness, lack of appetite, animals buried in the litter, and in the leukoformula, a slight increase (by 4.8% excess of the upper physiological limit) of lymphocytes and a slight decrease in segmental nuclei neutrophils (by a maximum 1.2% below the minimum physiological level). From pigs with respiratory syndrome, on the principle of analogues, formed three groups of 4 animals. For treatment, the first group used emulsion amoxicillin 15% from the rate of 1 cm3/10 kg of body weight of the animal, the second - ceftriaxone (20 mg/kg body weight 2 times a day for 3–5 days), the third – with ceftriaxone aflubin at the expense 10 drops (0.5 cm3/60 kg body weight for 3 days). Pigs eagerly consumed the drug when we took the drug into the syringe and orally, inserting the cannula for the lower lip. Based on randomized controlled trials, the simultaneous use of ceftriaxone intramuscularly and oral administration of Aflubine every 4 hours (during the first day), and subsequently with an interval of 12 hours for 3 days, contributes to complete clinical healing within the first day after commencing the use of drugs and shortens the treatment period pigs in 2 times, than the introduction of only ceftraxone. Oral use of aflubin in pigs administered intramuscularly amoxicillin provided cure for the next 12 hours, manifested by the restoration of appetite. Consequently, administration of aflubine with ceftriaxone and amoxicillin provides a reduction in the duration of pigs’ treatment with respiratory syndrome, which will reduce the use of antibiotics. Therefore, we consider it expedient to introduce into the schemes of this homeopathic remedy treatment in the therapy of pigs with symptoms of the infectious etiology respiratory system.

Setaria digitata microfilaraemia in Mastomys coucha: an animal model for chemotherapeutic and immunobiological studies

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
A. P. Dash ◽  
B. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Setaria Digitata ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Diethylcarbamazine Citrate ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Mastomys Coucha

SUMMARYIntraperitoneal implantation of adult gravid females of the bovine filarial parasite, Setaria digitata in Mastomys coucha was found to induce microfilaraemia lasting for about 125 days. The microfilariae (mf) could be detected as early as 4 days postimplantation (p.i.) and peak levels of about 30 mf in 20 µl of blood were observed by 21 days. A significant positive correlation was found between mf density and the body weight of recipients pre-implantation. The implanted adult worms were generally viable only for less than 1 week. Implantation resulted in a significant decrease in total leucocytes and erythrocytes, induction of eosinophilia, splenomegaly and anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies. The microfilariae in circulation developed into 3rd-stage infective larvae (L3) when fed onto Aedes aegypti (refm, Liverpool strain). The mf in circulation were found to be eliminated by oral administration of diethylcarbamazine citrate, indicating the usefulness of this model for screening potential anti-microfilarial drugs. During the microfilaraemic phase, priming with tetanus toxoid (TT) resulted in significantly decreased production of anti-toxin levels indicating a state of generalized immunosuppression. Induction of antibodies to various fractionated antigenic components of adult parasites could be demonstrated by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in M. coucha implanted with live or cold-stunned adult worms. The S. digitata–M. coucha model thus is found amenable to perform chemotherapeutic and immunobiological investigations in experimental filariasis.

scholarly journals Oral Administration of Germinated, Pigmented, Giant Embryo Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Keunnunjami) Extract Improves the Lipid and Glucose Metabolisms in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Soo Im Chung ◽  
Mi Young Kang
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Giant Embryo

Obesity is a significant risk factor for chronic diseases. The effect of ethanol extract from germinated Keunnunjami, blackish-purple rice with a giant embryo, compare to ordinary brown rice, on the body weight and lipid and glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice was analyzed. Mice were fed with a high-fat diet-fed for 3 weeks and then orally administered with either distilled water (HF) or extract (0.25%, w / w ) from brown, germinated brown, Keunnunjami, and germinated Keunnunjami rice for 4 weeks. Control mice were fed with a normal diet and orally administered with distilled water. The HF group showed markedly higher body weight and triglyceride, cholesterol, fatty acid, glucose, and insulin levels than the control group. However, the oral administration of rice extracts ameliorated this high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypoglycemia through the modulation of adipokine production, lipogenic and glucose-regulating enzyme activities, and mRNA expression of genes associated with lipid and glucose metabolism. The germinated Keunnunjami extract exhibited greater hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and body weight-lowering effects than the other rice extracts. The results demonstrated that germination could further enhance the physiological properties of rice and that germinated Keunnunjami extract has a strong therapeutic potential against high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia.

scholarly journals Ameliorating Effects of Aqueous Extract of Tetracarpidium conophorhum against Iron- Overload Induced damage in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-689
Author(s):  
S.O. Innih ◽  
N. Eluehike ◽  
O. Ikponmwosa-Eweka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose

Iron, though an important nutrient but in excess can produce serious damaging effects on organs of the body. Intake of plants and or plant products with iron chelating ability, instead of synthetic iron chelators, can produce less adverse effects and may be more effective. The potential effect of Tetracarpidium conophorhum (T. conophorhum) as a chelating agent of plant origin has not been determined hence the present study. Iron overload condition was induced by oral administration of iron II chloride in the rats. Twenty five rats were randomly divided into five groups. Groups A and B were the normal and negative control (iron overload only) respectively. Groups C-E were the iron overload induced rats treated with 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg body weight of T. conophorhum extracts. Animals in groups C-E received daily oral administration of extracts for thirty days. Thereafter, we studied the effects of T. conophorhum on liver function enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, hematological parameters and lipidperoxidation. Iron overloaded rats showed significant increase (p<0.05) in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin levels and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in total protein, albumin, antioxidant enzymes. T. conophorhum extract at a high dose of 1000mg/kg body weight was able to restore the levels of these parameters to normal. These findings therefore suggest that high dose of T. conophorhum seed extract may be effective in reducing the resultant effects produced in the iron overload-induced liver damage. Keywords: T. conophorhum, iron overload, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation

Phytochemical Screening and Elemental Analysis of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Datura innoxia Seeds and Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Adam Farah ◽  
Siddig A. N. Tota
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Datura Innoxia ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

The present study is aimed to screen the phytochemicals analysis and elements content of Datura innoxia seeds and leaves. The aqueous and methanol extracts were carried out by using the maceration method and soxhlet apparatus, respectively. Results of the study of Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of a high concentration of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids and triterpines, and low concentration of saponin and coummarins. The elements in the leaves and seeds (K, Ca, S, Si, Cl, Fe, Al, P, Mg, Ti, Mn, Zn, Sr, Cu, V, Br, and Zr) were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy. K content was the highest in seeds (5.469 ± 0.021%), Ca and S the highest in leaves (2.461 ± 0.019 %, 1.254 ± 0.022 %, respectively). The elements Ti, Mn, Sr, V, Br, and Zr were detected in the leaves with range concentration 0.062-0.002 %. The elements Si, Cl, Fe, Al, P, Mg, and Zn concentration in seeds varied from 0.002 to 0.942% and in leaves varied from 0.014 to 0.346%. The concentration of these elements did not exceed the standard of dangerous toxic levels.

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