scholarly journals Symptoms and Associations of COVID-19 in Pakistan A Single Centre, Descriptive Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Shehrbano Ali
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
P Value ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Heart Age

Introduction: Since SARS-CoV2 is a novel virus, not much was previously known about the disease, however recent studies have shown that it is transmitted via droplet infection and mainly affects the respiratory tract, causing symptoms of fever, fatigue and shortness of breath. Comorbidities increase risk of severe disease. Aims & Objectives: Our study aims to determine the predominant manifestations and correlations of COVID-19 in Pakistan. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at CMH Lahore over ten-day duration from 1st June 2020 to 10th June 2020. Material & Methods: Samples of 107 confirmed cases of COVID-19 was taken. Participants were administered a questionnaire by attending doctor which enquired regarding their symptoms, presence of complications, and comorbidities. Data was analyzed using SPSS 25.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: 77.6% of participants were male whereas 22.4% were female, with mean age 40.68 years. Symptoms commonly experienced were fever (71%), cough (32.7%), sore throat (36.4%), and myalgia (57%). Progression to complications was seen in 36 participants, most common being pneumonia (22.4%). Age of participants was significantly associated with symptoms of fever (p= 0.017), shortness of breath (p= 0.048) and fatigue (p= 0.021), and complication of pneumonia (p= 0.001). Comorbidities were associated with many symptoms and complications, most prominently cardiovascular disease was associated with development of complications like acute kidney injury (p= 0.002), cardiac failure (p= 0.005), and stroke (p= 0.005). Conclusion: Symptoms of COVID-19 are respiratory in nature primarily, however, the virus also affects other organs like gastrointestinal tract, neurons, heart. Age and presence of comorbidities increase risk of getting more severe disease, with highest risk of complications occurring in patients with history of cardiovascular disease.

Rhabdomyolysis: An evidence-based approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 175114372110507
Author(s):  
Sarah Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Overload ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Past Medical History ◽  
Urine Dipstick ◽  
The Past ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
History Of

A 76-year-old lady was found on the floor following a fall at home. She was uninjured, but unable to get up, and had been lying on the floor for roughly 18 hours before her son arrived. She had been unwell for the past 3 days with a cough and shortness of breath. She had a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and atrial fibrillation (AF). On examination, she was alert but distressed, clinically dehydrated, febrile and tachycardic. She was treated for community acquired pneumonia with co-amoxiclav and was fluid resuscitated with Hartmann’s solution. Her hyperkalaemia was treated with 50 mL of 50% glucose containing 10 units of rapid-acting insulin. Her creatinine kinase (CK) on admission was 200,000, and she had an acute kidney injury (AKI). Urine dipstick was positive for blood. However, her renal function continued to deteriorate over the succeeding 48 h, when she required renal replacement therapy (RRT) due to fluid overload and anuria.

scholarly journals P525 Patients’ Perception of Risks of biologic therapy During Covid-19 Pandemic in Israel Orly Lior, Ilia Sergeev, Nahum Ruhimovich, Michal Openheim, Fabiana Benjaminov, Dan Feldman, Yehuda Ringel, Timna Naftali Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S501-S501
Author(s):  
O Lior ◽  
I Sergeev ◽  
N Ruhimovich ◽  
M Openheim ◽  
F Benjaminov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stopping Treatment ◽  
Theoretical Question

Abstract Background Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapies are highly effective. However, compliance with treatment is influenced by patients’ perception of benefits versus risks. Understanding these perceptions and their influence on patients’ treatment decision-making is crucial for achieving compliance, especially during Covid-19 pandemic. Aim: to assess patients’ perception of risks of IBD exacerbation and SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their influence on patients’ decisions regarding biologic and immunosuppressive treatments during Covid-19 pandemic in Israel. Methods A prospective internet-based survey among Meir Medical Center, IBD clinic patients. Results 116 patients have responded. Mean age 42 (18–84), 44 (38%) males, 75 (64%) Crohn’s disease, 38 (32%) ulcerative colitis, 34 (29%) with history of abdominal surgery, 47 (40%) were in remission and 9(7.5%) with severe disease. 18 (15%) patients were on Immunosuppressive and 76 (66%) on biologic treatments. Concerns of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection: 56 (48%) patients considered their risk as equal to that of the general population whereas 53 (46%) considered it to be increased. 55% of the patients related the increase risk of COVID-19 infection to their IBD treatment, whereas 47% related it to having IBD. Patients treated with biologics were more concerned of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 then those who were not. There was also a significant association between depression and anxiety levels and the fear of becoming infected (r= 0.3 for depression and 0.4 for anxiety). Adherence to IBD treatment: Only 8 (7.5%) patients considered stopping their IBD treatment, and only 4 (3.7%) patients actually stopped their treatment. Patients with more severe disease were more inclined to stop their treatment compared to those with mild disease. Reasons for not stopping treatment were fear of disease exacerbation in 37 (32%) patients, and reassuring information received from medical providers, in 25 (21.5%) patients. When faced with a theoretical question of trading long-term remission versus risk of SARS-CoV-2infection, 34 (29%) patients were willing to accept a 10% infection risk for a 10-year remission Conclusion Significant portion of the patients with IBD believe that they are at increased risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection, and more than half of them related the increase risk to their IBD treatment. However, despite their fear most patients felt safe enough to continue their treatment. Patients with more severe disease and treated with biologics experienced higher levels of anxiety, depression and fear of COVID-19 infection. Identifying and addressing these fears early might increase patient’s adherence to treatment and prevent the hazardous effects of discontinuation of treatment.

scholarly journals Impact of ICU saturation on hospital mortality from COVID-19 in a secondary care center in Iztapalapa, Mexico City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Martín Alanís-Naranjo ◽  
Víctor Manuel Anguiano-Álvarez ◽  
Eduardo Federico Hammeken-Larrondo
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract INTRODUCTION: A saturated intensive care unit (ICU) setting and socioeconomic factors such as higher poverty rates have been associated with increased rates of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Mexico City has become the national epicenter of the pandemic, with Mexico’s highest death toll. Iztapalapa is the delegation with the highest population density and the most notorious conditions of marginalization in Mexico City. We describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with mortality in 164 patients who received care in a hospital ward setting due to ICU saturation in a hospital in Iztapalapa, Mexico City.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, data from confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized between April 1, 2020 and May 31, 2020 were collected. Patients were categorized into different subgroups: alive vs. deceased and intubated vs. nonintubated for analysis between groups. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: In this setting, 67% of the patients required mechanical ventilation, and 32.3% needed vasopressor support, with an in-hospital mortality of 68.3%. The most common complications during hospitalization were acute kidney injury (36%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (34.8%). We observed similar factors associated with death as previous studies: male sex, older age, comorbidities, laboratory values indicating increased inflammatory/organ failure markers, and severe disease at admission. Additionally, we found that routine use of intravenous antibiotics was associated with a higher rate of in-hospital mortality (RR 3.45, 95% CI 1.69-7.06, p <0.001).

scholarly journals Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients With a History of Cancer and Comorbid Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sarju Ganatra ◽  
Sourbha S. Dani ◽  
Robert Redd ◽  
Kimberly Rieger-Christ ◽  
Rushin Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Vulnerable Patient ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Endpoints

Background: Cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are independently associated with adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. However, outcomes in patients with COVID-19 with both cancer and comorbid CVD are unknown. Methods: This retrospective study included 2,476 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at 4 Massachusetts hospitals between March 11 and May 21, 2020. Patients were stratified by a history of either cancer (n=195) or CVD (n=414) and subsequently by the presence of both cancer and CVD (n=82). We compared outcomes between patients with and without cancer and patients with both cancer and CVD compared with patients with either condition alone. The primary endpoint was COVID-19–associated severe disease, defined as a composite of the need for mechanical ventilation, shock, or death. Secondary endpoints included death, shock, need for mechanical ventilation, need for supplemental oxygen, arrhythmia, venous thromboembolism, encephalopathy, abnormal troponin level, and length of stay. Results: Multivariable analysis identified cancer as an independent predictor of COVID-19–associated severe disease among all infected patients. Patients with cancer were more likely to develop COVID-19–associated severe disease than were those without cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 2.02; 95% CI, 1.53–2.68; P<.001). Furthermore, patients with both cancer and CVD had a higher likelihood of COVID-19–associated severe disease compared with those with either cancer (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.11–3.10; P=.02) or CVD (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.21–2.66; P=.004) alone. Patients died more frequently if they had both cancer and CVD compared with either cancer (35% vs 17%; P=.004) or CVD (35% vs 21%; P=.009) alone. Arrhythmias and encephalopathy were also more frequent in patients with both cancer and CVD compared with those with cancer alone. Conclusions: Patients with a history of both cancer and CVD are at significantly higher risk of experiencing COVID-19–associated adverse outcomes. Aggressive public health measures are needed to mitigate the risks of COVID-19 infection in this vulnerable patient population.

scholarly journals Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; an incidental finding in a COVID-19 patient.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shazaf Masood Sidhu ◽  
Fabiha Ghulam Muhammad ◽  
Ainan Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Tumor Lysis Syndrome ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Tumor Lysis ◽  
History Of

Abstract We report a case of 57 years old male, with no prior comorbids functional class I, presented with a history of fever for one week along with shortness of breath and cough for 5 days. Upon workup his baseline CBC reported bicytopenia along with marked lymphocytosis which raised the suspicion and to confirm the diagnosis, his acute leukemia comprehensive panel was done which reported an incidental finding of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia along with concomitant COVID PCR positive. This patient also presented with Tumor Lysis Syndrome and Acute kidney Injury.

scholarly journals Medical Nutrition Therapy in Ischemic Hepatitis and Acute Kidney Injury Due to Congestive Heart Failure NYHA III

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 865-865
Author(s):  
Naldi Yanwar ◽  
Agussalim Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Ischemic Hepatitis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ideal Body

Abstract Objectives Congestive Heart Failure is a major public health problem with an estimated prevalence of 1–2% of the adult population in developed countries, rising to ≥ 10% among persons &gt; 70 years of age. The incidence of impaired liver function in the form of congestive hepatopathy and ischemic hepatitis ranges from 15% to 65% of patients with significant heart failure. Methods Mr.T, Male, 63 years old was suffered from ischemic hepatitis due to congestive heart failure NYHA III. He had history of hipertension since 2011 and a history of heart disease since 2011. The patient has reduced oral intake since 2 weeks ago and worsening 5 days ago due to decreased appetite and shortness of breath. Anthropometric examination found body length was 166 cm, ideal body weight was 59.4 Kg, Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) was 19 cm and Handgrips strength 8,6 kg. Laboratory assessments found leukocytosis (13,100 103 /ml), impaired kidney function (Ureum was 206 mg/dL and Creatinine was 3.51 mg/dl), increased transminase enzymes (SGOT 4113 U/L and SGPT 4721 U/L) and increased levels of bilirubin (Total Bilirubin 9.79 mg/dL and Bilirubin Direk 7.79 mg/dL). Results Medical Nutritional Therapy was determined with a calorie target of 1700 kcal; protein 1,4 gr/Kg ideal body weight/day; 50% carbohydrates and 30% fat, respectively. We provided oral suplementation in the form of zinc, vitamin B Complex and curcuma. The Patient was discharged after being treated for 11 days and recovered from shortness of breath and jaundice, with adequate nutritional intake (according to calorie targets), increased anthropometric parameters (MUAC was little increased 19,3 cm but handgrips strength was significantly increased to 28,3 kg), improved laboratory result including leukocytes decreased to normal (9.940 103/ml), ureum and creatinine were also turned to normal (47 mg/dL and 1,1 mg/dL, respectively), liver function was markedly decreased (SGOT 71 U/L, SGPT 468 U/L) as well as total bilirubin (2,90 mg/dL) and direct bilirubin (1,20 mg/dL). Conclusions Optimal treatment of the underlying disease (CHF) and adequate nutritional therapy could improve nutritional status and quality of life patients with CHF NYHA III with complications of ischemic hepatitis and acute kidney injury. Funding Sources The author(s) received no financial support for research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

scholarly journals Awareness and Attitude regarding Cardiovascular Diseases among the Adolescents Studying in Grade 12 in Makawanpur Multiple Campus in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
Manju Nepal ◽  
Bandana Pokharel ◽  
Parbati Nepal
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Favorable Attitude ◽  
P Value ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Selection Of

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. It is crucial to detect risk factors and behaviors throughout childhood and adolescence to advocate as a strategy to reduce risk of CVD in adulthood. The objective of this study was to assess the awareness and attitude regarding Cardiovascular Diseases among the Adolescents Studying in Grade 12 in Makawanpur Multiple Campus in Nepal. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional analytical study was conducted among 135 adolescents studying in grade 12 in Makwanpur Multiple Campus, Hetauda, Nepal. The selection of study site was done purposively. A structured self-developed questionnaire was used to assess the awareness on cardiovascular disease and five-point Likert scale to assess attitude regarding cardiovascular diseases were used. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for data analysis. Both descriptive (frequency, percentage, and mean) and inferential statistics (chi-square) were used to analyze the data. Results: Among 135 respondents, 17(12.6%) respondents had inadequate awareness, 52(38.5%) had moderate awareness and 66(48.9%) had adequate awareness. The mean awareness on cardiovascular disease was 11.90±2.83. Similarly more than half of respondents 69(51.1%) had favorable attitude toward cardiovascular disease. A statistically significant association between gender of the respondents and awareness level was found as Chi-square p value less than 0.05 (p=.011) at 5% level of significance. Similarly, statistically significant association between family history of CVD and attitude on cardiovascular disease was found at 5% level of significance (p value=.027). Conclusion: Nearly half of respondents had adequate level of awareness regarding cardiovascular diseases whereas more than half of respondents had favorable attitude toward cardiovascular disease. Key words: Adolescent, Attitude, Awareness, Cardiovascular Diseases.

scholarly journals Impact of ICU saturation on hospital mortality from COVID-19 in a secondary care center in Iztapalapa, Mexico City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Martín Alanís-Naranjo ◽  
Víctor Manuel Anguiano-Álvarez ◽  
Eduardo Federico Hammeken-Larrondo
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract INTRODUCTION: A saturated intensive care unit (ICU) setting and socioeconomic factors such as higher poverty rates have been associated with increased rates of in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients. Mexico City has become the national epicenter of the pandemic, with Mexico’s highest death toll. Iztapalapa is the delegation with the highest population density and the most notorious conditions of marginalization in Mexico City. We describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with mortality in 164 patients who received care in a hospital ward setting due to ICU saturation in a hospital in Iztapalapa, Mexico City.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, data from confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized between April 1, 2020 and May 31, 2020 were collected. Patients were categorized into different subgroups: alive vs. deceased and intubated vs. non-intubated for analysis between groups. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: In this setting, 67% of the patients required mechanical ventilation, and 32.3% needed vasopressor support, with in-hospital mortality of 68.3%. The most common complications during hospitalization were acute kidney injury (36%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (34.8%). We observed similar factors associated with death as previous studies: male sex, older age, comorbidities, laboratory values indicating increased inflammatory/organ failure markers, and severe disease at admission. Additionally, we found that routine use of intravenous antibiotics was associated with a higher rate of in-hospital mortality (RR 3.45, 95% CI 1.69-7.06, p <0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in a saturated ICU setting had higher mortality than the rates in other studies reported globally.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Aspirin Prescriptions among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Songklanagarind Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Rattanaporn Chootong ◽  
Silom Jamulitrat
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Aspirin Therapy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease

Objective: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the American Heart Association (AHA) recommend aspirin use for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. There are, however, some doubts regarding the prescription of aspirin therapy to prevent cardiovascular events in diabetic patients, aspects of its safety, and contraindications of the drug administration. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the amount of prescribed aspirin for diabetic patients who received the treatment at Songklanagarind Hospital.Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted to review the medical records of diabetic patients who received the treatment at outpatient departments from 1st-31st December 2013.Results: A total of 1,342 diabetic patients are included in this study: 80.3% from the primary prevention group and 19.7% from the secondary prevention group. Mean age was 64.3 years old. Of the patients, 44.7% were male. The study revealed that prescribed aspirin accounted for one-third of total prescriptions (31.7%). The primary prevention group was 19.0% (95% confidence interval (CI)=12.0-21.3) and the secondary prevention group was 83.7% (95% CI=78.6-87.9). The departments that frequently prescribed aspirin for the primary prevention group was endocrinology (21.2%) and for the secondary prevention group it was the Primary Care Unit (87.5%). Aspirin side effects were gastrointestinal 1.0% and tinnitus 0.1%. Aspirin contraindications were active peptic ulcer (0.1%), history of gastrointestinal bleeding (0.4%), bleeding disorders (0.2%), history of recent intracranial bleeding (0.2%) and severe liver disease (0.9%). There was a positive correlation between age, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and the dose of prescribed aspirin (p-value<0.001, 0.003 respectively). These patients were more likely to have the dose of aspirin increased as age and HbA1c increased.Conclusion: Despite aspirin being a safe, inexpensive and readily available therapy that is effective in preventing cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients and likely to provide benefits rather than side effects and contraindications. The author found significant underuse of aspirin therapy, especially in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. 

scholarly journals Hubungan Lama Aktivitas Membaca dengan Derajat Miopia pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Dokter FK Unand Angkatan 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutia Maulud Fauziah ◽  
M. Hidayat ◽  
Julizar Julizar
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Analytic Design ◽  
Intensive Reading ◽  
Near Work ◽  
Reading Activities

AbstrakMiopia adalah salah satu kelainan refraksi pada mata dengan prevalensi yang tinggi di dunia. Berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan miopia seperti faktor keturunan dan lingkungan. Faktor lingkungan yang berperan kuat adalah kerja dekat seperti membaca. Lama membaca dapat meningkatkan risiko dan progresivitas miopia. Mahasiswa kedokteran berisiko mengalami miopia karena banyak melakukan aktivitas membaca yang lama dan intensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lama aktivitas membaca dengan derajat miopia. Metode studi menggunakan desain cross sectional analitik dengan 121 sampel. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner tentang riwayat miopia dan lama membaca. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square (x²) dengan kemaknaan (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa kejadian miopia lebih banyak terjadi pada mahasiswa perempuan (78.5%). Miopia pertama kali paling banyak terjadi pada usia 13 tahun (19%). Pertambahan ukuran refraksi per tahun pada mahasiswa miopia rata-rata adalah 0.30 D. Sebagian mahasiswa miopia menghabiskan waktu untuk membaca lebih dari 10.7 jam/hari (52.9%), sebagian lagi kurang dari 10.7 jam/hari (47.1%). Mahasiswa miopia sebagian besar menderita miopia ringan. Analisis statistik hubungan lama aktivitas membaca dengan derajat miopia didapatkan nilai p=0,15. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara lama aktivitas membaca dengan derajat myopia.Kata kunci: lama membaca, derajat miopiaAbstractMyopia is a refractive error of the eye with a high prevalence in the world. Various factors association with myopia such as heredity and environmental factor. The strongest role an environmental is near work such as reading. Reading time can increase risk and progression of myopia. Medical students have the risk of myopia because of long and intensive reading. This study aimed to determine relationship the duration of reading activities with the degree of myopia. This study used a cross sectional analytic design with 121 sample. Data were collected by questionnaires about history of myopia and long reading. The data were analyzed by chi-square test (x²) with significance (p<0.05). The results showed incidence of myopia is more in female students (78.5%). Most of myopia occurs first time at the age 13 years (19%). Average refractive power of myopia students increased 0.30 D annual. Some myopia students spending time to read are more than 10.7 hours/day (52.9%), some are less than 10.7 hours/day (47.1%). The most of myopia students suffered mild myopia. Statistical analysis the relationship duration of reading with degree of myopia p value= 0.15.This study showed no significant relationship between duration of reading activities with the degree of myopia.Keywords: duration of reading, degree of myopia

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