scholarly journals THE CORRELATION OF MOTHER’S KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE WITH BREASTFEEDING PRACTICES IN TULANG BAWANG BARAT DISTRICT AT 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (IAHSC) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Anik Yulianty ◽  
Sugeng Eko Irianto ◽  
Ai Kustiani
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
Breastfeeding Knowledge ◽  
Health Promotions ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Introduction:Breast milk is a liquid formed from a mixture of two substances, namely fat and water contained in a solution of protein, lactose and inorganic salts produced by the mother's breast glands, and is useful as baby food. Mother's knowledge and attitude in exclusive breastfeeding plays an important role in increasing the growth and development of children. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge (cognitive factors) and attitudes (affective factors) of mothers in the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Tulang Bawang Barat District in 2021. Method: This research is a quantitative research, with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all mothers who had babies > 6 months-12 months as many as 2285 with samples taken as many as 93 respondents. The object of this research is exclusive breastfeeding, knowledge and attitude. The research was conducted in June 2021 in the District of Tulang Bawang Barat. Collecting data using a questionnaire, data analysis is univariate, bivariate and multivariate. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge (p value = 0.016, OR = 3.264), and attitudes (p value = 0.001, OR = 7.848) towards exclusive breastfeeding in Tulang Bawang Barat District in 2021. Dominant factors related to exclusive breastfeeding in Tulang Bawang Barat District in 2021, namely the attitude with a p-value of 0.000 OR 10.197. Conclusion: The dominant factor related to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Tulang Bawang Barat is the attitude of the mother. To improve the attitude of mothers in the Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding, the Health Office needs to carry out health promotions with a more frequent frequency by using more attractive health promotion media in collaboration with the health promoter team at the puskesmas.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA TENAGA KESEHATAN YANG MEMILIKI BAYI DI WILAYAH KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU TAHUN 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Hellen Febriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Age ◽  
Husband Support ◽  
The Relationship

Abstrak: Cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi usia kurang dari enam bulan sebesar 55,7% telah mencapai target. Dari 33 provinsi yang melapor, sebanyak 29 provinsi di antaranya (88%) berhasil mencapai target renstra 2015, sedangkan Provinsi Lampung sebesar  54,9% tidak mencapai target Nasional yang ada. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Diketahui  faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif pada tenaga kesehatan yang memiliki bayi 7-24 bulan di wilayah Kabupaten Pringsewu  tahun 2017. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah sakit wilayah kabupaten pringsewu. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh tenaga kesehatan yang memiliki bayi usia 7-24 bulan sebanyak 83 ibu, dan sampelnya berjumlah 66 ibu. Metode pengumpilan data dengan lembar kuisioner. Analisa data yang digunakan univariat, bivariat, multivariate.Hasil Penelitian Sebagian responden tidak memberikan ASI esklusif, yaitu sebanyak 62,1%,Ada hubungan antara dukungan tempat bekerja dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan  p-value = 0,011 dan OR 4,525,  hubungan antara dukungan suami dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan  p-value = 0.000 dan OR 8,615, Ada hubungan antara faktor psikis dengan  p-value = 0,009 dan OR 5,513, Ada hubungan antara sosial budaya dengan  p-value = 0,021 dan OR 7,583, dan Tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan, usia, status ekonomi tentang ASI eksklusif dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Faktor yang paling dominan adalah Dukungan suami dengan nilai OR paling besar yaitu 7,291. Abstract: The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged less than six months by 55.7% has reached the target. Of the 33 provinces reporting, 29 of them (88%) succeeded in reaching the 2015 strategic plan, while Lampung province of 54.9% did not achieve the existing National targets. The purpose of this research is to know the factors related to exclusive breastfeeding on health workers who have babies 7-24 months in Pringsewu District in 2017. Quantitative research with Cross Sectional approach. This research was conducted in pringeu county hospital. The population of this study is all health workers who have babies 7-24 months of age as many as 83 mothers, and the sample amounted to 66 mothers. Data latching method with questionnaire. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate, multivariate. Research Results Some respondents did not give exclusive breastfeeding as much as 62.1%. There was a relationship between workplace support and exclusive breastfeeding with p-value = 0.011 and OR 4.525, the relationship between husband support and exclusive breastfeeding with p-value = 0.000 And OR 8,615. There is correlation between psychological factor with p-value = 0,009 and OR 5,513. There is correlation between social culture with p-value = 0,021 and OR 7,583, and there is no correlation between knowledge, age, economic status about exclusive breastfeeding Exclusive breastfeeding. The most dominant factor is the support of husbands with the greatest OR value is 7.29

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU DAN DUKUNGAN SUAMI TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Eka Putri Primasari
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Low Rate

Abstract: Breast milk is the best food for babies, especially in the first month of life. Breast milk contains all nutrients to build and provide the energy needed by the baby. The low rate of breastfeeding is a threat to child development. Several factors related to the success of exclusive breastfeeding are the level of knowledge of the mother and husband's support. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge of mothers and husband's support  towards the success of exclusive breastfeeding in Lubuk Kilangan Puskesmas in 2017. This study was analytical with a cross sectional design. The population in this study amounted to 153 respondents. A sample of 31 respondents obtained by simple ramdom sampling. Data were analyzed bivariate. The statistical test results obtained p-value = 0,000. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between the knowledge of mothers about exclusive breastfeeding and husband's support for the success of exclusive breastfeeding.

The Relationship Between The Level Of Knowledge On The Use Of Penicillin Antibiotics In Patients With Ari In Outpatient Installations At The Kesesi Health Center In 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 977-983
Author(s):  
Anissa Salsabil ◽  
Yulian Wahyu Permadi ◽  
Ainun Muthoharoh ◽  
Wulan Agustin Ningrum
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research Type

AbstractInappropriate use of antibiotics has resulted in antibiotic resistance. One of the phenomena that supports this phenomenon is the lack of knowledge about patient compliance in the use of antibiotics. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and adherence to the use of penicillin antibiotics in patients with ARI in the Outpatient Installation at the Kesesi Health Center in 2021. Analytic research method with cross sectional approach with quantitative research type with non-probability sampling using purposive sampling method. a sample of 136 adult respondents diagnosed with ARI with antibiotic therapy. Data collection by questionnaire. Correlation data using Spearman Rho test. The results showed that the data was not significant between the use of antibiotics and adherence to taking medication with a P value of 0.286 (<0.05). The results of high antibiotic consumption compliance with sufficient knowledge results are expected for respondents and pharmaceutical staff to improve communication, information and education (KIE) to respondents who receive antibiotic prescriptions.Keywords: Penicillin Antibiotics, ARI, Compliance, Knowledge, Public Health Center AbstrakPenggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat telah mengakibatkan terjadinya resistensi terhadap antibiotik. Salah satu fenomena yang mendukung fenomena ini adalah kurangnya tingkat pengetahuan terhadap kepatuhan pasien dalam penggunaan antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan terhadap kepatuhan dalam penggunaan antibiotik penisilin pada pasien ISPA Instalasi Rawat Jalan di Puskesmas Kesesi Tahun 2021. Metode penelitian analytic dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengambilan sampel non-probability sampling menggunakan cara purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 136 responden dewasa yang terdiagnosa ISPA dengan terapi antibiotik. Pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner. Data korelasi menggunakan uji spearman rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukan data tidak signifikan antara penggunaan antibiotic dengan kepatuhan konsumsi minum obat dengan nilai P value 0,286 (<0,05). Hasil kepatuhan konsumsi antibiotik yang tinggi dengan hasil pengtahuan yang cukup diharapkan kepada responden dan tenaga kefarmasian harus ditingkatkan mengenai komunikasi, informasi dan edukasi (KIE) kepada responden yang menerima resep antibiotik.Kata kunci: Antibiotik Penisilin; ISPA; kepatuhan; pengetahuan; puskesmas

scholarly journals Hygienic and Healthy Lifestyle in the Urban Village of Rangkah Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Puput Dwi Cahya Ambar Wati ◽  
Ilham Akhsanu Ridlo
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Variable ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Attitude Variable

Background: The Surabaya City Health Office report showed, the coverage of hygienic and healthy lifestyle in 2016 was 75.07%. In Rangkah Village, a total of 2,770 (11.84%) out of 23,390 families were monitored, and as many as 1,552 of them (56.03%) had applied hygienic and healthy lifestyle. Objective: This study identified the relationship between knowledge and attitude with the implementation of clean and healthy lifestyle in Rangkah Village. Method: This study deployed quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. As many as 249 people became the sample selected by using the cluster random sampling. The independent variables were knowledge of and attitudes towards hygienic and healthy lifestyle, while the dependent variable was hygiene and healthy lifestyle. The data were then processed with SPSS to identify whether there is a relationship among the variables observed. Results: Knowledge variable obtained P value of 0.014<α (0.05), meaning there is a relationship of knowledge with hygienic and healthy lifestyle. While attitude variable had P value of 0.082>α (0.05), suggesting that there is no relationship of attitudes with hygienic and healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: One of the factors which greatly influences hygienic and healthy lifestyle in the familiesis knowledge.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Influence Doctor's Decision in Choosing Patient's Referral to dr. Soepraoen Army Hospital Malang

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Augustinus Budijono ◽  
Sandu Siyoto ◽  
Siti Farida Noor Laila
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Service Provider ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Army Hospital ◽  
Physician Competence

The importance of the role of health services causes the quality of health services to be improved because of the needs of the community or individuals for health. Second-level health services can only be given for referral from first-level health services. Third-level health services can only be given for referral from second- or first-level health services, except in emergency situations. Based on this, it can be seen that the first level Health Service Provider (PPK) has a very important role in the health care system in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to find out the factors underlying the doctors to refer their patients to the dr. Soepraoen Army Hospital Malang. The research design used is quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling by taking 100 doctors as the study sample. The data analysis technique of this study uses linear regression by using an α value of 0.05. The results showed that hospital facilities had a significant effect on choosing a referral with a p-value of 0,000 with a t-count of 4,300, the availability of drugs had a significant effect on choosing a referral with a p-value of 0,000 with a t-count of 2,557 , the type of disease has a significant effect on choosing a referral with a p-value of 0,000 with a t-count value of 2,435, and on physician competence has a significant effect on choosing a referral with a p-value of 0,000 and a t-count value of 2,327, and simultaneously for each facility variable, drug availability, type of disease and physician competence can have a significant effect on choosing a referral. and found that the dominant factor influencing the decision to choose referral is the facility factor. The low analysis of factors that influence the doctor's decision in choosing a patient's referral to dr. Soepraoen Army Hospital Malang can be minimized by further increasing the indicator indicators of each variable that is considered still low.

scholarly journals The Effect of Knowledge and Attitude toward Coronavirus Disease-19 Transmission Prevention Practice in South Sumatera Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
Ekowati Retnaningsih ◽  
Nuryanto Nuryanto ◽  
Reni Oktarina ◽  
Oom Komalasari ◽  
Sri Maryani
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
The People ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Transmission Prevention ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
People’S Attitudes

BACKGROUND: Globally, the number of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 confirmation cases shows an exponential increase. In South Sumatera province, Indonesia, reported positive confirm cases in March 2020 as many as 5 cases, and within 2 months there was an increase to 196 times (982 cases) confirmation cases in May 2020. Transmission prevention practice is essential to inhibit the spread of COVID-19 and reduce the number of cases. Based on past studies, COVID-19 transmission prevention practice is affected by community characteristics, level of knowledge and attitudes, but there is no study conducted in Indonesia. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 transmission prevention practice. METHODS: The study was conducted with cross-sectional study approach. The sample is the people lived in South Sumatra who filled out the questionnaire through the Google form application, total 1187 people. Data were collected by snowball method during the period of April 18–30th 2020. Data were analyzed statistically using multiple logistic regression tests. RESULTS: The result of this study found that four variables significantly affected COVID-19 transmission prevention practice. They were occupation (odds ratio [OR]: 1.128; p < 0.01), gender (OR: 1.309; p < 0.05), knowledge (OR: 1.782; p < 0.01), and attitude (OR: 2.059; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The dominant factor affecting COVID-19 transmission prevention practice is attitude and knowledge. Hence, it is necessary to increase community knowledge about COVID-19 better to change people’s attitudes toward COVID-19 transmission prevention so they can implement good COVID-19 transmission prevention practice.

scholarly journals Determinan Kejadian Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Solok Selatan, Kota Solok dan Padang

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Septiana Nadia Tamaella ◽  
Neila Sulung ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunization Status

<p><em>According to previous studies done in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, South Solok, Solok City, and Padang in 2018 to fifteen mom’s toddlers,researchers got that toddlers who experienced anthropometric failure are caused by their mom who did not give many varieties of food, incomplete immunization and inclusive breastfeeding. The research aims to know the determinant of Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) occurrence. This is a quantitative research with Sectional Cross approach using Simple Random Sampling technique.This research was conducted in around May – July. The data were processed and analysed till multivariate stage with Chi Square statistic experiment. In research result of bivariate analysis, there is an influence between varieties of food and CIAF occurrence with p value = 0.000 and OR = 3.632, between immunization status and CIAF occurrence with p value = 0.000 and OR = 7.009 and between exclusive breastfeeding and CIAF occurrence with p value = 0.000 and OR = 13.565. Based on the research’s result, it can be concluded that there is a profound influence of kinds of food, immunization status and exclusive breastfeeding toward Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) occurrence.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Solok Selatan, Kota Solok dan Padang tahun 2018 pada 15 ibu balita didapatkan bahwa balita yang mengalami kegagalan antropometri dikarenakan sang ibu tidak memberikan keragaman makanan pada balita, imunisasi tidak lengkap dan pemberian ASI tidak Eksklusif. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui determinan kejadian Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, menggunakan teknik Simple Random Sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam rentang waktu bulan Mei – Juli. Data diolah kemudian dianalisis sampai tahap multivariate dengan uji statistik Chi_Square. Hasil penelitian pada analisis bivariat terdapat pengaruh antara keragaman makanan terhadap kejadian CIAF dengan nilai p value = 0.000 dan OR = 3.632, terdapat pengaruh antara status imunisasi terhadap kejadian CIAF dengan nilai p value = 0.000 dan OR = 7.099 dan terdapat pengaruh antara pemberian ASI Ekslusif terhadap kejadian CIAF dengan nilai p value = 0.000 dan OR 13.565. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna antara keragaman makanan, status imunisasi dan ASI Ekslusif dengan kejadian CIAF</p>

Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Nifas Tentang Perawatan Luka Perineum di Rumah Bersalin Rossita Pekanbaru 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Rini Hariani Ratih
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Perineal Wound ◽  
P Value ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Knowledge Variable ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Indonesias demographic and health surveys (SDKI) tahun2012 AKI (related to pregnancy, childbirth, and childbirth) amounted to 359 / 100,000 live births. This figure is still quite far from the target to be achieved in 2015. AKI in Riau Province in 2010 amounted to 109.9/100,000 live births, experiencing an increase in 2014 of 124.5/100,000 live births. The immediate causes associated with maternal death are complications in pregnancy, childbirth, and childbirth are not handled properly and on time. Maternal mortality during childbirth is usually caused by postpartum infections, this is due to lack of wound care. Objective of research To know relation of knowledge and attitude of mother about perineum wound care. This research uses quantitative research type. The research design used was cross sectional. The population in this research is all postpartum who live in work area RB Rosita which amounted to 50 people. Based on the analyst by using statistical test chi squer more than 0,05 it is known that p value of 0,02 for knowledge variable hence small value p value from 0,05  concluded that there is significant correlation between knowledge to perineum wound care. While statistic test results obtained P value less than 0.05 (P = 0.04) for attitude variable, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between postpartum attitude to perineal wound care. Keywords: Knowledge and Attitude, Nifas, Perineal Wound Care

scholarly journals Relationship between Knowledge, Social Support, and Mother's Attitude towards Exclusive Breastfeeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-299
Author(s):  
Ernita Sari ◽  
Astika Gita Ningrum ◽  
Risa Etika
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Variable

Mother's milk (ASI) has an important role in the process of child growth and development. In achieving success of exclusive breastfeeding, of course, there are various factors that influence, including the mother's personality (knowledge and attitude) and social support from the mother's environment around . The purpose of this study was to know related between knowledge, social support and mother's attitude towards exclusive breastfeeding. This quantitative research is observational with a cross sectional approach. The total population of breastfeeding mothers in the Ngadiluwih Community Health Center is 250 people and a sample of 154 mothers was taken use a simple random sampling technique. This research held in January-March 2021. The results showed that majority of mothers gave exclusive breastfeeding by 56.5%. In addition, knowledge possessed by mothers about exclusive breastfeeding was mostly good (79.9%), social support obtained was high (54.6%), but the mother's attitude was still negative (73.4%). Chi square statistical test on the knowledge variable obtained p value = 0.002, social support p value = 0.657 while attitude variable obtained p value = 0.075. There is a significant relationship between knowledge toward exclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Utilization of Puskesmas in Efforts to Prevent COVID-19 in Bengkulu City

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Oktarianita Oktarianita ◽  
Andry Sartika ◽  
Nopia Wati ◽  
Bintang Agustina Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Population

Background: Puskesmas as First Level Health Facilities (FKTP) plays a vital role during the Covid-19 pandemic in preventing and controlling the number of Covid-19 cases by anticipating, detecting, responding to events. However, at this time, the puskesmas are still underutilized by the community. The highest confirmed positive cases in Bengkulu City were in the Gading Cempaka District, with 990 cases. This study aimed to determine the variables related to the utilization of puskesmas in Bengkulu City. Methods: This research was quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to respondents using an accidental sampling technique executed in March-August 2021. The research population was the entire community of Bengkulu City, with a sample of 110 respondents from the Gading Cempaka District, Bengkulu City. Data were analyzed by univariate to multivariate logistic regression. Results: The results show that 88 respondents (78.2%) have utilized the puskesmas, as many as 86 (78.2%) were female, 86 respondents (60.9%) belonged to the young age group, respondents with higher education were 73 respondents ( 66.4%), 73 respondents (66.4%) worked and as many as 79 respondents (71.8%) have income <UMP. The bivariate analysis results showed that the factors related to the utilization of the puskesmas (p<0.05) were variables of age, education, occupation, and income despite no relationship between gender, distance, knowledge, and family support (p>α). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that education was the dominant factor influencing the utilization of the puskesmas with (p-value = 0.010; B = 2.707; 95% CI = 1.892-118.569). Conclusion: The community has taken advantage of the puskesmas in terms of preventing Covid-19. The utilization of puskesmas is affected by age and education level.

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