THE TELEVISION BUSINESS IN INDONESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE OLD REGIME, THE NEW ORDER, AND THE REFORM ERA

Rendra Widyatama

doi:10.47535/1991ojbe036

THE TELEVISION BUSINESS IN INDONESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE OLD REGIME, THE NEW ORDER, AND THE REFORM ERA

Oradea Journal of Business and Economics ◽

10.47535/1991ojbe036 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 66-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rendra Widyatama

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Press Freedom ◽

New Order ◽

Old Regime ◽

Reform Era ◽

Role Of Government ◽

Television Industry ◽

Old Order ◽

Library Studies ◽

The Government

This article compares the television industry in Indonesia during the reign of the Old Order, the New Order, and the Reform Era. A full review of television broadcasting in all eras is still rarely carried out by Indonesian researchers. The author uses qualitative research methods in the form of comparative studies and library studies based on secondary data. In this comparison, the author focuses on eleven aspects of the problem, namely; the system of broadcasting, ownership, the form of broadcasting institutions, objectives, funding, broadcast coverage, control, and supervision, licensing, press freedom, media content trends, and society in relation to the television industry. The author found that although since independence Indonesia has been based on Pancasila democracy, in every era of government there have been differences in TV broadcasting arrangements. The Old Order period was more dominated by the role of government. This situation continued during the first 20 years of the New Order government, but in the last ten years of the New Order, the private sector dominated the TV industry. This dominance has continued into the reform era and treats society as a market and a political object. During all periods, it is the government which determines to license, and the implementation of the Broadcasting Act is not strictly enforced. A less strict attitude in the implementation of the Broadcasting Act indicates that the country is flexible and endeavours to find ways to compromise with stakeholders.

PERAN SERTA MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMBANGUNAN

Otoritas Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan ◽

10.26618/ojip.v3i1.54 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andi Rosdianti Razak

Keyword(s):

Public Participation ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Proper Position ◽

Reform Era ◽

Role Of Government ◽

Regional Autonomy ◽

Old Order ◽

The Government ◽

The Right

Public participation in development have emerged since the enactment of the Act of 1945 and is constitutionally have a clear reference and is a must for anyone involved in the management of natural resources in Indonesia. However, community participation in development in the reform era is still showing a tendency not run perfectly. How is the condition of public participation from the beginning until now not received the proper position in the form of authority and obligation and the right to participate as a community run development, researched. The approach taken is to study literature, using secondary data from the literature, mass media, legislative provisions, also performed a comparative study of the various opinions and understanding of the role of the community. A number of variables that were examined include: statutory provisions, the role of government, forms of interaction and implementation of public participation efforts by the government in the role of the community so that the development can be improved. From the results of the study the implementation of legislation relating to public participation from the old order to the regional autonomy era still can not be run effectively and efficiently. Peran serta masyarakat dalam pembangunan sudah muncul sejak diberlakukannya UU 1945 dan secara konstitusional telah memiliki acuan yang jelas dan merupakan kewajiban bagi siapapun yang terlibat dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya alam di Indonesia. Namun peran serta masyarakat dalam pembangunan di era reformasi ini masih memperlihatkan kecenderungan belum berjalan dengan sempurna. Bagaimana kondisi peran serta masyarakat sejak awal sampai saat ini belum mendapatkan posisi yang tepat dalam bentuk kewenangan dan kewajiban serta hak sebagai masyarakat dalam ikut menjalankan pembangunan, diteliti. Metode pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah dengan studi pustaka, dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal dari literatur, media masa, ketentuan perundangundangan, juga dilakukan studi komperatif dari berbagai pendapat dan pemahaman tentang peran serta masyarakat. Sejumlah variabel yang dikaji antara lain : ketentuan perundang-undangan, peran pemerintah, bentuk interaksi pelaksanaan peran serta masyarakat dan upaya-upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam peran serta masyarakat agar pembangunan dapat ditingkatkan. Dari hasil kajian pelaksanaan peraturan perundang-undangan yang menyangkut peran serta masyarakat sejak orde lama hingga era otonomi daerah masih belum dapat berjalan secara efektif dan efisien.

KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM BIDANG PENDIDIKAN DARI ORDE LAMA SAMPAI ORDE BARU (Suatu Tinjauan Historis)

POTENSIA Jurnal Kependidikan Islam ◽

10.24014/potensia.v2i2.2537 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

As’ad Muzammil

Keyword(s):

Political Islam ◽

Islamic Education ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

New Order ◽

Reform Era ◽

Old Order ◽

The People ◽

The World ◽

Independence Era ◽

The Government

Map of political Islam in Indonesia is always colored by the government political map. From the pre-independence era, the post-independence (old order), the new order and the reform era. Islamic education is still in a position that is generally not in favor of the empowerment of the people. Education is a tool for which the government used it to escort people and people to the desired political objectives, theoretically it is not wrong if the government wants the product graduate of educational institutions contribute to development. But at the same time the government should also give freedom to the world of education to determine its direction with permanent gets assistance, support, and facilitation from the government.

EDUCATION POLITICS IN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL AND MADRASA: The Old Order, The New Order, and The Reform Era

Al-Tahrir Jurnal Pemikiran Islam ◽

10.21154/altahrir.v20i2.2114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 351-372

Author(s):

Jufri Naldo ◽

Azhari Akmal Tarigan ◽

Faisal Riza

Keyword(s):

Boarding School ◽

Boarding Schools ◽

Political Support ◽

New Order ◽

Literature Study ◽

Reform Era ◽

Education Politics ◽

Old Order ◽

Education Today ◽

The Government

Abstract: The development of Islamic boarding schools and madrasas in Indonesia cannot be separated from the political education policy of the government that is currently in power. Through a literature study, this study intends to reveal how the form of education politics carried out by the government towards these two institutions. The theoretical debate on education politics during the Old Order begins the explanation of this study. Then, the debate during the New Order is discussed, and the debate related to the Reformation era is discussed after that. This study illustrates that despite the politicization of Islamic boarding schools and madrasas, these indigenous Indonesian educational institutions must be preserved and their development should be considered. Furthermore, Islamic boarding schools and madrasas are important indicators for the progress of the religion and the nation. By looking at the realities of advanced education today, Islamic boarding schools and madrasas are a reflection of the superiority of scientific, intellectual, and cultural achievements. The government as a policymaker should provide full political support so that Islamic boarding schools and madrasas can compete at the world level.الملخص: لا يمكن فصل تطوير المدارس الداخلية الإسلامية والمدارس الدينية في إندونيسيا عن سياسة التعليم السياسي للحكومة التي تتولى السلطة حاليًا. تهدف هذه الدراسة ، من خلال دراسة أدبية ، إلى الكشف عن شكل السياسة التربوية التي تنفذها الحكومة تجاه هاتين المؤسستين. سيبدأ النقاش النظري حول سياسات التعليم في عهد النظام القديم في شرح هذه الدراسة ، ثم يتبعها في عهد النظام الجديد ، وينتهي خلال فترة الإصلاح. توضح هذه الدراسة أنه على الرغم من تسييس المدارس الداخلية الإسلامية والمدارس الدينية ، يجب الحفاظ على هذه المؤسسات التعليمية الإندونيسية الأصلية والنظر في تطويرها. علاوة على ذلك ، فإن المدارس الداخلية الإسلامية هي مؤشرات مهمة لتقدم الدين والأمة. بالنظر إلى واقع التعليم المتقدم حاليًا ، فإن المدارس الداخلية الإسلامية والمدارس الإسلامية هي انعكاس لتفوق الإنجازات العلمية والفكرية والثقافية. يجب على الحكومة كصانع للسياسة أن تقدم الدعم السياسي الكامل حتى تتمكن المدارس الداخلية الإسلامية والمدارس الإسلامية من المنافسة على المستوى العالمي.Abstrak: Perkembangan Pesantren dan madrasah di Indonesia tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kebijakan politik pendidikan pemerintah yang sedang berkuasa. Melalui studi literatur, kajian ini hendak mengungkap bagaimana bentuk politik pendidikan yang dijalankan oleh pemerintah terhadap kedua lembaga tersebut. Perdebatan teoritis politik pendidikan pada masa Orde Lama akan mengawali penjelasan kajian ini, kemudian disusul pada masa Orde Baru, dan diakhiri pada masa Reformasi. Kajian ini memberikan gambaran bahwa sekalipun terjadi politisasi terhadap pesantren dan madrasah, akan tetapi lembaga pendidikan asli Indonesia ini harus tetap dilestarikan dan diperhatikan perkembangannya. Selanjutnya, pesantren dan madrasah merupakan salah satu indikator penting untuk kemajuan agama dan bangsa. Dengan melihat realitas pendidikan yang sudah maju saat ini, pesantren dan madrasah adalah cerminan dari keunggulan capaian keilmuan, intelektual dan kultural. Pemerintah sebagai pemangku kebijakans udah sepatutnya memberikan dukungan penuh secara politik agar pesantren dan madrasah bisa bersaing di tingkat dunia.

KEBIJAKAN POLITIK KERUKUNAN ANTARAGAMA DI INDONESIA ERA REFORMASI

Al-Riwayah Jurnal Kependidikan ◽

10.32489/al-riwayah.147 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 407-424

Author(s):

Jamaluddin Jamaluddin

Keyword(s):

Transition Period ◽

Religious Life ◽

New Order ◽

Reform Era ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Accommodation Space ◽

Nation States ◽

The Government ◽

Definition Of ◽

Cultural Reality

Indonesian reformation era begins with the fall of President Suharto. Political transition and democratic transition impact in the religious life. Therefore, understandably, when the politic transition is not yet fully reflects the idealized conditions. In addition to the old paradigm that is still attached to the brain of policy makers, various policies to mirror the complexity of stuttering ruler to answer the challenges of religious life. This challenge cannot be separated from the hegemonic legacy of the past, including the politicization of SARA. Hegemony that took place during the New Order period, adversely affected the subsequent transition period. It seems among other things, with airings various conflicts nuances SARA previously muted, forced repressive. SARA issues arise as a result of the narrowing of the accommodation space of the nation state during the New Order regime. The New Order regime has reduced the definition of nation-states is only part of a group of people loyal to the government to deny the diversity of socio-cultural reality in it. To handle the inheritance, every regime in the reform era responds with a pattern and a different approach. It must be realized, that the post-reform era, Indonesia has had four changes of government. The leaders of every regime in the reform era have a different background and thus also have a vision that is different in treating the problem of racial intolerance, particularly against religious aspect. This treatment causes the accomplishment difference each different regimes of dealing with the diversity of race, religion and class that has become the hallmark of Indonesian society.

REPRESENTATION OF THE NEW REGIME TRANSITION TOWARDS THE REFORMATION ERA IN THE TEMBOK PAK RAMBO SHORT STORY BY TAUFIK IKHRAM JAMIL: INTERTEXTUALITY STUDY

Lakon : Jurnal Kajian Sastra dan Budaya ◽

10.20473/lakon.v9i1.19810 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Ni Luh Ayu Sukmawati

Keyword(s):

Short Story ◽

Order Transition ◽

New Order ◽

Regime Transition ◽

Reform Era ◽

The Reformation ◽

The Government

The transition era between the New Order Era to the Reformation Era in Indonesia in 1998 became one of the popular themes for Indonesian writers. One of the works entitled Tembok Pak Rambo inserted elements of historical facts that occurred in Indonesia. The representation of the obscurity of the new order in this short story cannot be read only with heuristic readings, therefore a theory is needed to explore more profound the significance of the story. This paper utilizes the intertextuality approach in dismantling the veiled meanings in the story. The results showed that the short story represents two Indonesian leaders in the era of the new order transition to the reform era. This representation appears when aligned with a book called The Long Way of Indonesia Towards Democracy written by B. J. Habibie. Moreover, the short story titled Tembok Pak Rambo is not just about the hegemony between the ruler to his subordinates, but how the Indonesian writers were trying to criticism on the government and the historical facts that happened in 1998.

Religious Education Policy in Public Schools During the New Order

KARSA Journal of Social and Islamic Culture ◽

10.19105/karsa.v28i2.3936 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 390-409

Author(s):

Mohammad Kosim

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Religious Education ◽

Political Support ◽

New Order ◽

Religious Educators ◽

Old Order ◽

Political Relations ◽

Majority Population ◽

The Government ◽

The Right

The new order government policy about religious education in state schools gradually led to an accommodative policy. If the old order government made religious education a facultative subject, then at the beginning of the new order the government strengthened the position of religious education by removing facultative provisions, even though they were not obligatory. Until finally, through Law number 2 (1989), the government required religious education to be taught in all channels, types, and levels of education. And the right of every student to get religious lessons by their religion and is taught by religious educators. This research includes historical research and policy studies, because it relies on past data, whose steps consist of four main activities, namely heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. This accommodative policy is influenced by several factors, including; the government’s determination to implement Pancasila purely and consistently after it was diverted in the old order era; the weakening of the government’s power at that time so that it required the political support of muslims as the majority population; There is an intellectual transformation of muslim thinkers and political activists towards harmonious and complementary political relations between Islam and the state so that Islamic ideas are more easily accepted; and muslims experience a process of rapid social, educational, economic and political mobilization and so that more and more people are involved in government and can influence policies in a pro-muslim direction.

Analisis Teori Pilihan Rasional Terhadap Transformasi Madrasah

MADRASAH ◽

10.18860/jt.v7i2.3325 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Rosidin ..

Keyword(s):

Rational Choice ◽

Educational Institution ◽

Historical Background ◽

New Order ◽

Cooperative Action ◽

Economic Concept ◽

Old Order ◽

The Government ◽

Working World ◽

World Development

Madrasa transformation from time to time is based on rational choice which decisioned by leaders, managers, and society. Within the perspective of RCT, that rational choice prefer to the economic concept of making profis and inhibiting loss. As the transformation of the earlier educational institution, Madrasa Nizhamiyah depicts rational choice from its historical background, implemented educational practices, qualifiation of its graduates, and society responses towards it. Rational choice which generally bases madrasa transformation in Indonesia is heterogeneous. It shows from non-cooperative action with the government (madrasa in the era of colonization); cooperative action with the government (madrasa in the era of the old order); cooperative action with society needs and working world (madrasa in the era of the new order) and the inclusive-predictive action with the world development (madrasa in the era of reformation and globalization). Keywords: Transformation, Madrasa, RCT, Rational Choice

Criminal Act Principles Policy Renewal of Criminal Act in Indonesia

Jurnal Daulat Hukum ◽

10.30659/jdh.v1i2.3320 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 479

Author(s):

Sidik Purnama

Keyword(s):

Research Method ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Penal Code ◽

New Order ◽

Reform Era ◽

Legislative Period ◽

Old Order ◽

Code Book

After Indonesia's independence, some legal experts Indonesia tried to make the Criminal Code itself in accordance with the characteristics of Indonesia based on Pancasila and legal values that live and thrive in Indonesian society, but the spirit of the legal experts of the Indonesian nation was not offset by a member legislative duty during the Old Order, New Order and the Reform Era. It was only during the reign of President Joko Widodo draft Act, especially criminal Act book on a book I had been passed in 2018 this with legalized the Draft Penal Code Book I into Act by the legislative period 2014 - 2019 will automatically bill the Penal Code which has been stalled for more than 56 years, has now become a legitimate Act although not enrolled gazetted in Indonesia. This research method using normative juridical approach. The results showed that essentially the principles and foundations of the criminal Act system and the colonial criminal Act still survive with a blanket and face Indonesia. Principles of criminal Act enactment space according to Criminal Code draft concept consisting of: according to time and according to place. The meaning and nature of criminal Act reforms can be divided into two parts: from the point of policy approaches; and on the angle of approach valuesKeywords: Policy of Positive Criminal Act; Criminal Act Reform.

STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT LOKAL BERBASIS BAMBU DI KECAMATAN LOKSADO

Jurnal Hutan Tropis ◽

10.20527/jht.v8i1.8165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Noor Rahmansyah ◽

Mahrus Aryadi ◽

Hamdani Fauzi

Keyword(s):

Development Strategy ◽

Local Community ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Community Empowerment ◽

Primary Data ◽

Fast Time ◽

Role Of Government ◽

The Family ◽

The Government

Bamboo is a plant that can botanically be classified in the family Gramineae (grass). The economic and ecological benefits of bamboo, among other things, when compared to wood commodities, bamboo plants can provide an increase in the income of the surrounding community in a relatively fast time, which is 4-5 years. Demand that remains high is not followed by an increase in quality and prices that are compared to similar goods made from wood or other materials. This is a consideration and reduces the interest of the community to develop the business. This study aims to explore the understanding and role of community empowerment through the use of bamboo, explore the role of government in empowering bamboo-based communities and develop strategies for empowering local communities in the use of bamboo. This research is qualitative by using an emic approach that is focused on data and analysis based on answers from key people. The type of data consists of primary data obtained through interviews and observations. While the secondary data comes from the problem report documents that will be examined, writing and the results of research on the Local Community Empowerment Development Strategy. The results of this study indicate that the local community in Loksado District has the potential to develop processed bamboo production through community participation in bamboo processing and utilization training, the government and village apparatus support the processing and utilization of bamboo through programs / activities, cooperation, bamboo ecotourism and bamboo industrial products, and constraints in the empowerment of bamboo in Loksado District is in marketing and capital strategies.

Implikasi Pelaksanaan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada) secara Serentak terhadap Aspek Sosial, Politik dan Ekonomi

10.31227/osf.io/b4xs5 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Achmad Zulfikar ◽

Baharuddin Nur

Keyword(s):

The Political ◽

New Order ◽

Top Down ◽

Political Activities ◽

Local Election ◽

Old Order ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽

The Government

Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada) adalah antitesa dari pengangkatan kepala daerah yang telah berlangsung cukup lama, setidaknya hampir seusia dengan orde lama ditambah orde baru atau sekitar 50 tahun dari 70 tahun usia pemerintahan kita. Diangkat dan dipilih adalah dua hal yang berbeda. Dipilih tentu saja lebih demokratis daripada diangkat. Dipilih merupakan hasil dari sejumlah alternatif, sementara diangkat lebih terkesan suatu pilihan yang datang dari atas (top down). Pilkada merupakan sistem yang dibangun oleh pemerintah untuk memastikan Kepala Daerah berasal dari pilihan rakyat, bukan penunjukan dari pejabat atau kekuasaan diatasnya. Lazimnya, Pilkada berlangsung sesuai dengan penanggalan kegiatan politik setiap daerah, dimana batas masa tugas lima tahun dijadikan sebagai patokan untuk dilaksanakannya Pilkada lagi. Namun pada 9 Desember 2015 ini penanggalan itu mengalami perubahan atas dasar pertimbangan efisiensi dan efektivitas pelaksanaan Pilkada ke depan. Oleh karenanya, Pilkada yang akan berlangsungi di Indonesia ini merupakan pesta demokrasi terbesar yang pernah dilakukan di negeri ini, bahkan di dunia. Dalam makalah ini, penulis tertantang untuk menelaah bagaimana kemungkinan yang akan timbul sebagai implikasi Pilkada serentak ini terhadap aspek sosial, politik dan ekonomi masyarakat di Indonesia.---Local election / regional head election is antithesis of appointment of region head which have lasted long enough, at least almost as old with Old Order Era plus with New Order Era or about 50 year from 70 year old of Indonesian was established. Appointment and election are two different things. Elected is certainly more democratic than appointed. Elected is the result of a number of alternatives, while being lifted is more impressed with a choice that comes from the top. Local election is a system built by the government to ensure the Regional Head comes from the people's choice, not the appointment of officials or powers above it. Typically, elections take place in accordance with the political activities of each region, where the five-year term is used as a benchmark for the implementation of re-elections. However, on December 9, 2015 this calendar has changed based on the consideration of efficiency and effectiveness of Local election implementation in the future. Therefore, the elections that will take place in Indonesia is the biggest democracy party ever conducted in this country, even in the world. In this paper, the authors challenged to examine how the possibilities would arise as the implications of this Local concurrent election on the social, political and economic aspects of society in Indonesia.