Screening of Biological Effectiveness of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Plectranthus amboinicus: A focus on Aspergillus terreus

Endophytic fungi produce a diverse range of bioactive molecules, which aids to produce a rich source of different types of medicines. The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity of fungal endophytes associated with edible leaves Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage). The results of preliminary screening of antibacterial activity showed inhibition against all tested pathogens similarly, crude ethyl acetate extract of all the isolates in the secondary screening of antidiabetic activity showed a good zone of inhibition with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The antioxidant activities were also determined by using the TPC, FRAP, and DPPH assay, which showed considerable variations concerning their positive control. The correlation among antioxidant assays indicated a strong correlation between TPC and DPPH. Also, the antidiabetic activity by alpha-amylase inhibition assay showed good inhibitory activity in different concentrations. Thus, the study suggested that endophytes from this edible plant could be potential source for the production of broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic compounds.

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Production of eugenol from fungal endophytesNeopestalotiopsissp. andDiaporthesp. isolated fromCinnamomum loureiroileaves

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6427 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e6427 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chutima Tanapichatsakul ◽

Sarunpron Khruengsai ◽

Sakon Monggoot ◽

Patcharee Pripdeevech

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

Fungal Extracts

Endophytic fungi, which colonize within a host plant without causing any apparent diseases, have been considered as an important source of bioactive secondary metabolites containing antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The aim of this research was to isolate the endophytic fungi ofCinnamomum loureiroiand then to screen their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. A total of 11 fungal endophytes were isolated from healthy leaves ofCinnamomum loureiroibelonging to six genera:Botryosphaeria,Colletotrichum,Diaporthe,Fusarium,Neopestalotiopsis, andPestalotiopsis. All isolated strains were cultured and further extracted with ethyl acetate solvent. Antimicrobial activity of all crude endophytic fungal extracts was analyzed using disc diffusion assay against six bacterial and two fungal pathogens. Crude extracts of strains MFLUCC15-1130 and MFLUCC15-1131 showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens. Activity againstBacillus cereusandStaphylococcus epidermidiswas notable, showing the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration at 3.91 μg/mL. Antioxidant activity of all crude endophytic fungal extracts was also evaluated based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Significant antioxidant activity was detected in the crude extracts of fungus MFLUCC15-1130 and MFLUCC15-1131 with IC50of 22.92 ± 0.67 and 37.61 ± 0.49 μg/mL, respectively. Using molecular identification, MFLUCC15-1130 and MFLUCC15-1131 were identified asNeopestalotiopsissp. andDiaporthesp., respectively. The major chemical constituents produced by both crude extracts were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eugenol, myristaldehyde, lauric acid, and caprylic acid were the primary antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds in both crude extracts. This is the first report of eugenol being a biologically active compound ofNeopestalotiopsissp. andDiaporthesp. fungal endophytes. Eugenol has been reported as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents with agronomic applications. Thus the two newly-isolated endophytes may be used for eugenol production, which in turn can be used in a variety of applications.

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Screening Fungal Endophytes Derived from Under-Explored Egyptian Marine Habitats for Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties in Factionalised Textiles

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8101617 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1617

Author(s):

Ahmed A. Hamed ◽

Sylvia Soldatou ◽

M. Mallique Qader ◽

Subha Arjunan ◽

Kevin Jace Miranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Chemical Screening ◽

Marine Habitats ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Promising Source

Marine endophytic fungi from under-explored locations are a promising source for the discovery of new bioactivities. Different endophytic fungi were isolated from plants and marine organisms collected from Wadi El-Natrun saline lakes and the Red Sea near Hurghada, Egypt. The isolated strains were grown on three different media, and their ethyl acetate crude extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic bacteria and fungi as well as their antioxidant properties. Results showed that most of the 32 fungal isolates initially obtained possessed antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The most potent antimicrobial extracts were applied to three different cellulose containing fabrics to add new multifunctional properties such as ultraviolet protection and antimicrobial functionality. For textile safety, the toxicity profile of the selected fungal extract was evaluated on human fibroblasts. The 21 strains displaying bioactivity were identified on molecular basis and selected for chemical screening and dereplication, which was carried out by analysis of the MS/MS data using the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform. The obtained molecular network revealed molecular families of compounds commonly produced by fungal strains, and in combination with manual dereplication, further previously reported metabolites were identified as well as potentially new derivatives.

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Chemical Composition, Algicidal, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils of Taiwania flousiana Gaussen

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25040967 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 967 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hongmei Liu ◽

Jiguang Huang ◽

Sifan Yang ◽

Jialin Li ◽

Lijuan Zhou

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Positive Control ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Zones Of Inhibition

Taiwania flousiana (T. flousiana) Gaussen is a precious wood in the family Taxodiaceae. This study investigated the chemical components of the essential oil from the stem bark of T. flousiana and its algicidal, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Sixty-nine compounds representing 89.70% of the stem bark essential oil were identified by GC-MS. The essential oil showed strong anti-algae, anti-bacteria, and anti-fungus activities against the tested species, and antioxidant activities. The IC50 values of the essential oil against chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the total chlorophyll of Spirogyra communis (a species of algae), 24–96 h after the treatment, ranged from 31.77 to 84.92 μg/mL, while the IC50 values of butachlor ranged from 40.24 to 58.09 μg/mL. Ultrastructure changes revealed by the transmission electron microscopy indicated that the main algicidal action sites were the chloroplast and cell wall. The essential oil showed antifungal activities on Rhizoctonia solani (EC50 = 287.94 μg/mL) and Colletotrichum gloeosporioiles (EC50 = 378.90 μg/mL). It also showed bactericidal activities on Ralstonia solanacearum and Staphylococcus aureus, with zones of inhibition (ZOIs) being 18.66 and 16.75 mm, respectively at 40 μg/disk. Additionally, the essential oil possessed antioxidant activity estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method (IC50 = 33.51 μg/mL; IC50 value of the positive control ascorbic acid was 7.98 μg/mL). Thus, the essential oil of this plant might be used as a possible source of natural bioactive molecules in agrochemical industry as well as in food and cosmetic industries.

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Preliminary investigation of the chemo diversity of bioactive molecules produced by endophytic fungi isolated from Manihot utilisima leaf

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.30574/gscbps.2021.17.1.0284 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 011-025

Author(s):

Ugochukwu Moses Okezie ◽

Peter Maduabuchi Eze ◽

Festus Basden Chiedu Okoye ◽

Charles Okechukwu Esimone

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

New Drugs ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Fermentation Products ◽

Fungal Extract ◽

Wide Range

Endophytic fungi have demonstrated a harmless relationship living within the internal tissues of several plant hosts and at the same time produce diverse important bioactive compounds having a wide range of pharmaceutical applicability. In this study, nine endophytic fungi, eight from Cassava leaf: Clg1, Clg2, Clr4, Clr5, Clr6, Clr7, Clr9 and one from Cassava mid-rib: CRs3 with distinct cultural features were isolated from healthy leaves of Manihot utilisima and axenic cultures were fermented on sterile rice medium for 21 days. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the fungal crude extracts were evaluated. Chemical analyses of the metabolic profiles of each fungal extract revealed the presence of nine known compounds with established biological activities. Each fungal extract exhibited antimicrobial activities against at least one Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria with an inhibition zone that ranged from 2 – 6 mm. Clg2 and CRs3 fungal extracts demonstrated moderate potential to scavenge free radical with an inhibition of 58 and 60% respectively. Septicine, cyclo(prolylvalyl), pentenedioc acid, neurolenin B, rubrofusarin, p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, citreoisocoumarin, palitantin and pestalio pyrone were the compounds detected in the fungal fermentation products. Our findings reveal that M. utilisima leaves harbor endophytic fungi with unique chemodiversity of bioactive secondary metabolites needed for development of new drugs.

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The potential of Endophytic Fungal Extract Isolated from Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) as Antidiabetic and Antioxidant

Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi ◽

10.14710/jksa.22.6.275-282 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 275-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eris Septiana ◽

Fauzy Rachman ◽

Yatri Hapsari ◽

Yadi Yadi ◽

Bustanussalam Bustanussalam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenol ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

Phenol Content ◽

Fungal Extract ◽

Glucose Levels

An increase in blood glucose levels in people with diabetes can cause an increase in free radicals, which can worsen the disease. Thus, drugs that have antidiabetic and antioxidant activities are needed. The cinnamon plant is high in antioxidants and has long been used as a source for a diabetes drug. The utilization of endophytic fungi isolated from cinnamon plants as antidiabetic and antioxidant has never been reported. This study aims to investigate the antidiabetic as well as antioxidant activity from the extract of endophytic fungi from the cinnamon plant. The antidiabetic activity was tested using the α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition method, while antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH free radical scavenging method. Total phenol content was measured based on the Follin-Ciocalteu reagent reaction. All endophytic fungal extracts from the cinnamon leaves, twigs, flowers, and fruit have antidiabetic and antioxidant activity as well as high total phenol content. The three parameters measured showed a positive correlation. Endophytic fungal extract of Cb.D6 isolate derived from the leaf had the highest antidiabetic and antioxidant activity among the other isolates amounting to 92.41% and 90.28%, respectively. In addition, the total phenol content of Cb.D6 isolates was also the highest with 357.83 mg equivalent to gallic acid/g extract. Therefore, the endophytic fungal extract of Cb.D6 isolate has the potential to be developed as a source of the antidiabetic and antioxidant ingredients.

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Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Ziziphora ‎clinopodiodes essential oil eluted at different times

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407216999200507122039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Mojgan Alizadeh ◽

Akram Arianfar ◽

Ameneh Mohammadi

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Positive Control ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Citronellic Acid ◽

Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activity

Objective: Ziziphora clinopodioides is an edible medicinal plant belongs to the Labiatae family that widespread all over Iran. It used as culinary and also in cold and cough treatments in Iran. The aim of present work was to evaluate the effect of different timeframes during the hydrodistillation on essential oil composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: The essential oil of Z. clinopodiodes was extracted via hydrodistillation with Clevenger apparatus. The fractions of essential oil were captured at 6 times from the beginning of the distillation: (10, 20, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min). The fractions of essential oil were analyzed by GC/MS and their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities were studied by Disk - well diffusion and DPPH methods respectively. Results: Six distillation times and whole essential oil were captured during the hydrodistillation. Essential oil yield dropped off significantly during distillation progressed (1.0% for 10 min and 0.025 for 240 min). 1,8 Cineol, Isomenthone, Pulegone, Piperitenone and Citronellic acid were major compounds in fractions and they were affected by distillation times. Pulegone was major compound in all of essential oils. In antioxidant activity assay, whole essential oil was stronger than was stronger than positive control and fractions of essential oil, because of higher levels of Isomenthone, Piperitenone and Citronellic acid. Strongest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans was observed from 10 min fraction. Conclusion: Our results indicated that distillation time can create essential oils with specific properties and we can achieve to more efficient essential oil in short times.

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Assessment of Cota altissima (L.) J. Gay for phytochemical composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2020-0257 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Gamze Göger ◽

Muhammed Allak ◽

Ali Şen ◽

Fatih Göger ◽

Mehmet Tekin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Dicaffeoylquinic Acid ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Phytochemical Profiles

Abstract Phytochemical profiles of essential oil (EO), fatty acids, and n-hexane (CAH), diethyl ether (CAD), ethyl acetate (CAE) and methanol extracts (CAM) of Cota altissima L. J. Gay (syn. Anthemis altissima L.) were investigated as well as their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activites. The essential oil was characterized by the content of acetophenone (35.8%) and β-caryophyllene (10.3%) by GC-MS/FID. Linoleic and oleic acid were found as main fatty acids. The major constituents of the extracts were found to be 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, isorhamnetin glucoside, quercetin and quercetin glucoside by LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by scavenging of DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Also, the inhibitory effects on lipoxygenase and α-glucosidase enzymes were determined. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and yeast pathogens. CAM showed the highest antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of 126.60 and 144.40 μg/mL, respectively. In the anti-inflammatory activity, CAE demonstrated the highest antilipoxygenase activity with an IC50 value of 105.40 μg/mL, whereas, CAD showed the best inhibition of α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 396.40 μg/mL in the antidiabetic activity. CAH was effective against Staphylococcus aureus at MIC = 312.5 µg/mL. This is the first report on antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of different extracts of C. altissima.

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Isolation and Characterization of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Medicinal Plant Ephedra pachyclada as Plant Growth-Promoting

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11020140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ahmed Mohamed Aly Khalil ◽

Saad El-Din Hassan ◽

Sultan M. Alsharif ◽

Ahmed M. Eid ◽

Emad El-Din Ewais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Penicillium Crustosum ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Penicillium Commune ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Growth Promoting

Endophytic fungi are widely present in internal plant tissues and provide different benefits to their host. Medicinal plants have unexplored diversity of functional fungal association; therefore, this study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi associated with leaves of medicinal plants Ephedra pachyclada and evaluate their plant growth-promoting properties. Fifteen isolated fungal endophytes belonging to Ascomycota, with three different genera, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Aspergillus, were obtained from healthy leaves of E. pachyclada. These fungal endophytes have varied antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic microbes and produce ammonia and indole acetic acid (IAA), in addition to their enzymatic activity. The results showed that Penicillium commune EP-5 had a maximum IAA productivity of 192.1 ± 4.04 µg mL−1 in the presence of 5 µg mL−1 tryptophan. The fungal isolates of Penicillium crustosum EP-2, Penicillium chrysogenum EP-3, and Aspergillus flavus EP-14 exhibited variable efficiency for solubilizing phosphate salts. Five representative fungal endophytes of Penicillium crustosum EP-2, Penicillium commune EP-5, Penicillium caseifulvum EP-11, Alternaria tenuissima EP-13, and Aspergillus flavus EP-14 and their consortium were selected and applied as bioinoculant to maize plants. The results showed that Penicillium commune EP-5 increased root lengths from 15.8 ± 0.8 to 22.1 ± 0.6. Moreover, the vegetative growth features of inoculated maize plants improved more than the uninoculated ones.

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Antihyperglycemic activity of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. leaf ethanol extract SNEDDS in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2021-0200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 184-188

Author(s):

Farida Hayati ◽

Lutfi Chabib ◽

Faiza Dea Sekarraras ◽

Wan Syarifah Faizah

Keyword(s):

Glucose Solution ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Peg 400 ◽

Good Preparation

Abstract This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of SNEDDS of Pegagan Leaf Ethanol Extract (PLE) to reduce fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in zebrafish. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. or pegagan is among the medicinal plants widely used to treat diabetes in Indonesia. Maceration was employed with 70% ethanol to obtain a viscous extract for the formulation of SNEDDS with Capryol 90, Tween 80, and PEG 400 (1:6:3). Antihyperglycemic testing was conducted on five groups, consisting of normal, positive control, negative control, P I treatment, and P II treatment. On Day 1, all except the normal group was induced with 300 mg alloxan and soaked in 2% glucose solution for 7 days. On day 8, the treatment consisted of 25 mg/2 L metformin for the positive control, 100 mg/2 L SNEDDS for P I, 200 mg/2 L SNEDDS for P II, and no treatment for the negative control. The SNEDDS characterization obtained 100.6 ± 3.12 nm particle size and −7.93 ± 0.66 mV zeta potential, indicating that the SNEDDS had fulfilled the requirements of good preparation. The antidiabetic activity test found a 69.90% decline in FBG levels in 100 mg/2 L SNEDDS and 72.20% in 200 mg/2 L SNEDDS.

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