scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS FROM CO2 REDUCTION, DUE TO MODAL REPLACEMENT: CASE STUDY ON LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE IN BRASILIA CITY

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique da Silva Costa ◽  
Leisy Mikaelly Alves Teixeira ◽  
Janaína Cardoso Pinheiro ◽  
Fabiana Serra Arruda ◽  
Augusto César de Mendonça Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rail Vehicle ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

This work aims to measure the reduction of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions in atmosphere by replacing the modal urban bus by Light Rail Vehicle (VLT). In order to accomplish this objective, a case study in Brasilia, Federal District, in the stretch of VLT which passes on Via W-3 South was conducted. The Theory of Externalities that discusses the right to ownership of private and public goods and responsibilities about the positive and negative externalities caused by the agents and individuals of society was used to support the analyses. It was used the Top-Down method, which allowed the calculation the direct emissions of CO2. The values obtained on the reduction of CO2 emissions were converted into values of carbon credits as a way to economically measure such reductions.  The results showed a significant reduction in CO2 emissions per year and consequent environmental benefit.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3480 

scholarly journals Environmental Benefits from CO2 Reduction Due to Modal Replacement: A Light Rail Vehicle Case Study in Brasilia City

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique da Silva Costa ◽  
Leisy Mikaelly Alves Teixeira ◽  
Janaína Cardoso Pinheiro ◽  
Fabiana Serra de Arruda ◽  
Augusto César de Mendonça Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rail Vehicle

Energy Savings Potential by Substituting Driving With Walking and Cycling for Short Distance

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. I. Mahlia ◽  
M. Husnawan ◽  
H. H. Masjuki ◽  
L. Remuslara ◽  
R. Saidur
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Potential Reduction ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Vehicles energy consumption produces several emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and noise. This paper attempts to evaluate potential reduction in oil consumption and CO2 emissions if the obese and overweight conditions were eliminated from the adult population through the use of walking or cycling for transportation, and if individuals between the ages of 10 and 64 adopted recommended levels of daily exercise by walking or cycling instead of driving. Substantial co-benefits accompany widespread adoption of physical activity. The results found that the reductions in emissions from substituting driving with walking and cycling are significant enough to show a possible improvement of air quality. The highest reduction of CO2 emissions comes from the substitution of driving with exercising by cycling for 7 hours a week, which amounts to 2.38 Tg (Teragram) of reduction.

Iron Sulphur Cluster [Fe4S4(SPh)4]2– Catalyzed Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 on Carbon Electrodes in [Bu4N][BF4]-DMF Mixture

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 854-862
Author(s):  
Khalaf M. Alenezi
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Vitreous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Electrocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Co Conversion ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Background: An efficient, selective and durable electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction system is a prerequisite to tackle energy and pollution-related issues. In this context, both organic and inorganic materials have gained a significant interest worldwide. Objective: In the present work, the electrocatalytic reduction activity of an iron-sulphur (Fe-S) cluster, [Fe4S4(SPh)4]2– for CO2 → carbon monoxide (CO) conversion has been investigated. The effect of catalyst concentration on the yield of CO and H2 was determined. Besides, the influence of reaction conditions (presence or absence of a Brønsted acid, electrolysis time etc.) on faradaic yield and product selectivity was also investigated. Methods: Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was carried out on vitreous carbon electrode in 0.1 M [Bu4N] [BF4]-DMF electrolyte. At the end of electrolysis, products were collected by tight-gas syringe and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) system coupled with a thermal conductivity detector. Results: The Fe-S cluster was found to efficiently catalyse the process on carbon electrode in 0.1 M [Bu4N][BF4]-DMF electrolyte. Moreover, the presence of cluster shifted the reduction potential by ~ 200 mV towards the positive. GC analysis confirmed the formation of CO with a current efficiency of ca. 70%. On the other hand, 12% H2 was observed at the end of electrocatalysis. Conclusion: In summary, Fe-S cluster was used for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 in 0.1 M [Bu4N][BF4]-DMF electrolyte. The use of cluster (catalyst) was found to be important for CO2 reduction as no CO was detected in the absence of the catalyst. This study highlights the potential application of Fe-S cluster for CO2 reduction.

scholarly journals Carbon Capture for CO2 Emission Reduction in the Cement Industry in Germany

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markewitz ◽  
Zhao ◽  
Ryssel ◽  
Moumin ◽  
Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Combustion Technology

The share of global CO2 emissions deriving from the cement industry is about 5%. More than 50% of these are process-related and cannot be avoided. This paper addresses the application of CO2 capture technology to the cement industry. Analyses focusing on post-combustion technology for cement plants are carried out on the basis of detailed model calculations. Different heat supply variants for the regeneration of loaded wash solution were investigated. CO2 avoidance costs are in a range of 77 to 115 EUR/tCO2. The achievable CO2 avoidance rate for the investigated cases was determined to be 70% to 90%. CO2 reduction potentials were identified using CCS technology, focusing on the German cement industry as a case study. The results show that adopting carbon capture technology could lead to a significant reduction in CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effect of Modifying Milking Routines on Dairy Farm Economic and Environmental Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-277
Author(s):  
Michael Breen ◽  
Michael D. Murphy ◽  
John Upton
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Labor Utilization ◽  
Renewable Technology

The objective of this paper was to quantify the economic and environmental effects of changing a dairy farm’s milking start times. Changing morning and evening milking start times could reduce both electricity costs and farm electricity related CO2 emissions. However, this may also involve altering farmer routines which are based on practical considerations. Hence, these changes need to be quantified both in terms of profit/emissions and in terms of how far these milking start times deviate from normal operations. The method presented in this paper optimized the combination of dairy farm infrastructure setup and morning and evening milking start times, based on a weighting variable (α) which assigned relative importance to labor utilization, farm net profit and farm electricity related CO2 emissions. Multi-objective optimization was utilized to assess trade-offs between labor utilization and net profit, as well as labor utilization and electricity related CO2 emissions. For a case study involving a 195 cow Irish dairy farm, when the relative importance of maximizing farm net profit or minimizing farm electricity related CO2 emissions was high, the least common milking start times (06:00 and 20:00) were selected. When the relative importance of labor utilization was high, the most common milking start times (07:00 and 17:00) were selected. The 195 cow farm saved €137 per annum when milking start times were changed from the most common to the least common. Reductions in electricity related CO2 emissions were also seen when the milking start times were changed from most common to least common. However, this reduction in emissions was primarily due to the addition of efficient and renewable technology to the farm. It was deduced that the monetary and environmental benefits of altering farmer milking routines were unlikely to change normal farm operating procedures.

Regional institutional environment of public-private partnership: The case study of the Ural Federal District regions. Part 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. PANIKAROVA ◽  
Mikhail L. KUKLINOV ◽  
Vladimir V. YUGOV ◽  
Yana S. KHOKHRYAKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Institutional Aspects ◽  
Institutional Traps

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to regulatory support for public-private partnership in the regions of the Ural Federal District. Objectives. The article aims to assess the institutional aspects of public-private partnership. Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis and the tabular methods to interpret the collected data. Results. The article points to the positive changes in the development of public-private partnership in the regions of the Ural Federal District. It also identifies institutional traps in local legislation and offers some recommendations to improve the investment climate. Conclusions. The article concludes that all the prerequisites for effective cooperation between private and public capitals have been created in the Ural Federal District regions. The development of public-private partnership is not possible without the continuous improvement of the institutional environment.

scholarly journals Concept and Evaluation of Heating Demand Prediction Based on 3D City Models and the CityGML Energy ADE—Case Study Helsinki

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Maxim Rossknecht ◽  
Enni Airaksinen
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Demand Prediction ◽  
3D City Model ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
City Model ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
The City

This work presents a concept for heating demand and resulting CO2 emissions prediction based on a 3D city model in CityGML format in various scenarios under the consideration of a changing climate. In the case study of Helsinki, the Helsinki Energy and Climate Atlas, that provides detailed information for individual buildings conducting the heating demand, is integrated into the 3D city model using the CityGML Energy Application Domain Extension (Energy ADE) to provide energy-relevant information based on a standardized data model stored in a CityGML database, called 3DCityDB. The simulation environment SimStadt is extended to retrieve the information stored within the Energy ADE schema, use it during simulations, and write simulation results back to the 3DCityDB. Due to climate change, a heating demand reduction of 4% per decade is predicted. By 2035, a reduction of 0.7 TWh is calculated in the normal and of 1.5 TWh in the advanced refurbishment scenario. Including the proposed improvements of the district heating network, heating CO2 emissions are predicted to be reduced by up to 82% by 2035 compared to 1990. The City of Helsinki’s assumed heating demand reduction through the modernization of 2.0 TWh/a by 2035 is not achieved with a 3% refurbishment rate. Furthermore, the reduction of CO2 emissions is mainly achieved through lower CO2 emission factors of the district heating network in Helsinki.

scholarly journals Conceptual Design of a Negative Emissions Polygeneration Plant for Multiperiod Operations Using P-Graph

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Jean Pimentel ◽  
Ákos Orosz ◽  
Kathleen B. Aviso ◽  
Raymond R. Tan ◽  
Ferenc Friedler
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Process Systems ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
Graph Theoretic Approach ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Alternative Designs

Reduction of CO2 emissions from industrial facilities is of utmost importance for sustainable development. Novel process systems with the capability to remove CO2 will be useful for carbon management in the future. It is well-known that major determinants of performance in process systems are established during the design stage. Thus, it is important to employ a systematic tool for process synthesis. This work approaches the design of polygeneration plants with negative emission technologies (NETs) by means of the graph-theoretic approach known as the P-graph framework. As a case study, a polygeneration plant is synthesized for multiperiod operations. Optimal and alternative near-optimal designs in terms of profit are identified, and the influence of network structure on CO2 emissions is assessed for five scenarios. The integration of NETs is considered during synthesis to further reduce carbon footprint. For the scenario without constraint on CO2 emissions, 200 structures with profit differences up to 1.5% compared to the optimal design were generated. The best structures and some alternative designs are evaluated and compared for each case. Alternative solutions prove to have additional practical features that can make them more desirable than the nominal optimum, thus demonstrating the benefits of the analysis of near-optimal solutions in process design.

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