scholarly journals Genetics – Need to Evaluate its Role in Early Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Urvashi Singla ◽  
Snehlata Kulhari
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Genetics ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Oral Abnormalities

ABSTRACT The concept of cancer genetics is relatively new and considered more in prostate and breast cancer. Its role in OSCC has never been given much attention, which is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. It is a tumour which can be treated by simple surgical procedure, if diagnosed at an early stage. Oral cavity and oropharynx are easily accessible for visualization. But high prevalence of oral abnormalities (5-15%) detected as a result of oral screening programmes (OSP) subjects large number of patients for biopsy which is impractical. Detection of early stage oral cancer is significantly impaired by absence of classic clinical characteristics of advanced oral cancer in early stage lesions. This influences 5 year survival rate for 80% of patients, despite major advances in surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy. Many gene alterations have been implicated in development and progression of OSCC. Genetic differences is an important consideration to determine individual differences in susceptibility to chemical carcinogens. Many genetic changes are commonly observed in oral cancers. Salivary Transcriptome Diagnostics, based on specific mRNA signature in saliva as diagnostic marker, can be a suitable tool for development of non invasive diagnostic, chemoprevention, prognostic and follow up tests for cancer and also to detect cancer conversion of premalignant lesions. To summarize research on genetics will open new directions for estimation of risk of human cancer and its early diagnosis.

scholarly journals Early detection and prevention of oral cancer: an appraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Swati Agrawal ◽  
Vrinda Saxena ◽  
Swapnil Jain ◽  
Vijayta Sharva ◽  
Shibani Sarangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Early Detection And Prevention

Oral cancers (OC) represent the majority of head and neck cancers with more than half million patients being affected each year worldwide. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth commonest cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 4% of all cancers. Therefore, an improvement in the prevention and control of oral cancer is of critical importance. This may be achieved by reducing the risk through avoidance of tobacco and alcohol, recognizing and treating premalignant lesions and detecting developed OC at an early stage. Data search for the present review was done electronically. Electronic search was conducted using databases such as Pubmed and Medline, Cochrane library, articles published in peer-reviewed journals, text books, grey literature and from sites of World Health Organization, Centre For Diseases Control Report, Global Adult Tobacco Survey and Global Youth Tobacco Survey reports. This review ruled out web of causation and web of prevention including early detection and prevention to be an ideal strategy to reduce the prevalence of oral cancer and its impact on quality of life. Screening and early detection in population at risk have been proposed to decrease both morbidity and mortality associated with the oral cancer.

scholarly journals Oral Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Xiao ◽  
Zhou Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Optimized Treatment ◽  
Developed World

Oral cancer is a frequent head and neck cancer in developing countries and some developed world. According to the World Health Organization classification 2017, oral cancer influences the anatomical subsites including buccal mucosa, the anterior two-third of the tongue, lip, palate, vestibule, alveolus, floor of the mouth, and gingivae. A variety of premalignant lesions are related with the development of oral cancer, such as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, et al. The predominant histological type of oral cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Tobacco and alcohol consumption are regarded as critical etiological factors. Due to the unspecific symptoms in early stage, the majority are diagnosed in advanced stages. Despite the development of medicine over decades, the mortality rate of oral cancer remains high, indicating the importance of optimized treatment and screening strategies.

scholarly journals A clinicopathological study of cheek carcinoma and different types of reconstructive procedure for its treatment in a tertiary care centre in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 3969
Author(s):  
Rupesh Gupta ◽  
Chandan Roy Choudhury ◽  
Sandipan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Reconstructive Procedure ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Oral Ulcers ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Oral Cavity Cancers

Background: The incidence of oral cancer varies globally and regionally and is closely linked with geographical, social, economical, biological, ethnic, dietary and environmental factors. In India, buccal mucosa (cheek) is the most common site for the lesion having 50% of all the oral cavity cancers and the incidence of oral cancers is about 10.6 % of all cancers. The aim of the study was to study the mucosal lesions with regard to mode of presentation, aetiopathology, histopathological aspects, various surgical modalities.Methods: The prospective observational and descriptive tertiary care institute based case study was undertaken at Medical College, Kolkata. A total of 30 patients were included in the study.Results: Maximum number of patients was in the 51-60 yr age group and the male: female sex ratio was 7:3. The maximum risk factors were found to be smoking and tobacco. 16.67% patients had premalignant lesions namely leucoplakia whereas 73.33% of the patients presented with oral ulcers as the chief complaint. Most of the patients presented in the late stage. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type. Out of 30 patients, 6 underwent wide local excision only and the rest underwent neck dissection. Mandibulectomy was done in 14 patients, Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was the most common reconstructive procedure used (43.33%).Conclusions: Cancer of the oral cavity accounts for a high incidence in our country due to our social habits. In spite of easy accessibility to early lesion, the number of locally advanced lesion is very high. This can be prevented by creating health awareness.

scholarly journals Apoptosis and genes involved in oral cancer - a comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby Dwivedi ◽  
Rahul Pandey ◽  
Shaleen Chandra ◽  
Divya Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Key Words Apoptosis ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Oral cancers needs relentless research due to high mortality and morbidity associated with it. Despite of the comparable ease in accessibility to these sites, more than 2/3rd cases are diagnosed in advanced stages. Molecular/genetic studies augment clinical assessment, classification and prediction of malignant potential of oral lesions, thereby reducing its incidence and increasing the scope for early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancers. Herein we aim to review the role of apoptosis and genes associated with it in oral cancer development in order to aid in early diagnosis, prediction of malignant potential and evaluation of possible treatment targets in oral cancer. An internet-based search was done with key words apoptosis, genes, mutations, targets and analysis to extract 72 articles after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. The knowledge of genetics and genomics of oral cancer is of utmost need in order to stop the rising prevalence of oral cancer. Translational approach and interventions at the early stage of oral cancer, targeted destruction of cancerous cells by silencing or promoting involved genes should be the ideal intervention.

scholarly journals miRNAs: Important Targets for Oral Cancer Pain Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Maria Pereira ◽  
Dayany Sehnem ◽  
Estevão Oliveira da Fonseca ◽  
Heráclito Fernando Gurgel Barboza ◽  
Antônio Carlos Pires de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Number Of Patients

Pain is a symptom shared by an incredible number of diseases. It is also one of the primary conditions that prompt individuals to seek medical treatment. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) corresponds to a heterogeneous disease that may arise from many distinct structures of a large, highly complex, and intricate region. HNSCC affects a great number of patients worldwide and is directly associated with chronic pain, which is especially prominent during the advanced stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), an anatomical and clinical subtype that corresponds to the great majority oral cancers. Although the cellular and molecular bases of oral cancer pain have not been fully established yet, the results of recent studies suggest that different epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to this process. For instance, there is strong scientific evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs), small RNA molecules that do not encode proteins, might act by regulating the mechanisms underlying cancer-related pain. Among the miRNAs that could possibly interfere in pain-signaling pathways, miR-125b, miR-181, and miR-339 emerge as some of the most promising candidates. In fact, such molecules apparently contribute to inflammatory pain. Moreover, these molecules possibly influence the activity of endogenous pain control systems (e.g., opioidergic and serotonergic systems), which could ultimately result in peripheral and central sensitization, central nervous system (CNS) phenomena innately associated with chronic pain. This review paper focuses on the current scientific knowledge regarding the involvement of miRNAs in cancer pain, with special attention dedicated to OSCC-related pain.

scholarly journals An update on light-based technologies and fluorescent imaging in oral cancer detection

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Oral Cancers

Oral cancer is a potentially fatal disease that constitutes an important portion of tumors of head and neck region. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Regardless of the fact that the oral cavity is easily accessible to the accumulation of carcinogens, most oral cancers are typically detected at an advanced stage leading to lower survival rate among subjects. Therefore, early detection of the oral cancer and its precursor lesions may be the most effective means to improve prognosis and treatment in most patients. One of the emerging technologies is the use of optical methods to capture the molecular changes at high-resolution to improve the detection capability of early stage disease. Optical diagnosis techniques when compared with traditional approaches such as vital staining, biopsy has many advantages such as objectivity, speed, and cost. Moreover, these incorporate particularly noninvasive methods of oral cancer detection. The present article highlights various optical methods and their role in oral cancer detection.

scholarly journals Detection of Oral Dysplastic and Early Cancerous Lesions by Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2376
Author(s):  
Ping-Hsien Chen ◽  
Hung-Yi Lee ◽  
Yi-Fen Chen ◽  
Yi-Chen Yeh ◽  
Kuo-Wei Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Early Stage Cancer ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Cancerous Lesions ◽  
Oral Malignancy

Detection of oral dysplastic and early-stage cancerous lesions is difficult with the current tools. Half of oral cancers are diagnosed in a late stage. Detection of early stromal change to predict malignant transformation is a new direction in the diagnosis of early-stage oral cancer. The application of new optical tools to image stroma in vivo is under investigation, and polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is potentially one of those tools. This is a preliminary study to sequentially image oral stromal changes from normal, hyperplasia, and dysplasia to early-stage cancer by PS-OCT in vivo. We used 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide drinking water to induce dysplasia and early-stage oral cancer in 19 K14-EGFP-miR-211-GFP transgenic mice. A total of 8 normal, 12 hyperplastic, 11 dysplastic, and 4 early-stage cancerous lesions were enrolled. A new analytic process of PS-OCT imaging was proposed, called an en-face birefringence map. From the birefringence map, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values to detect dysplasia and early-stage cancer were 100.00%, 95.00%, 93.75%, and 100.00%, respectively, and the kappa value of these images between two investigators was 0.942. The mean size of malignant lesions detected in this study is 1.66 ± 0.93 mm. This pilot animal study validates the use of PS-OCT to detect small and early-stage oral malignancy with high accuracy and consistency.

scholarly journals FlowCell-enriched circulating tumor cells as a predictor of lung cancer metastasis

Human Cell ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Lu ◽  
Yushuang Zheng ◽  
Yuhong Wang ◽  
Dongmei Gu ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Early Stage Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Number Of Patients

AbstractLung cancer is the most fetal malignancy due to the high rate of metastasis and recurrence after treatment. A considerable number of patients with early-stage lung cancer relapse due to overlooked distant metastasis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells in blood circulation that originated from primary or metastatic sites, and it has been shown that CTCs are critical for metastasis and prognosis in various type of cancers. Here, we employed novel method to capture, isolate and classify CTC with FlowCell system and analyzed the CTCs from a cohort of 302 individuals. Our results illustrated that FlowCell-enriched CTCs effectively differentiated benign and malignant lung tumor and the total CTC counts increased as the tumor developed. More importantly, we showed that CTCs displayed superior sensitivity and specificity to predict lung cancer metastasis in comparison to conventional circulating biomarkers. Taken together, our data suggested CTCs can be used to assist the diagnosis of lung cancer as well as predict lung cancer metastasis. These findings provide an alternative means to screen early-stage metastasis.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological features of Egyptian colorectal cancer patients regarding somatic genetic mutations especially in KRAS gene and microsatellite instability status: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neemat M. Kassem ◽  
Gamal Emera ◽  
Hebatallah A. Kassem ◽  
Nashwa Medhat ◽  
Basant Nagdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Microsatellite Instability ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cpg Island Methylator Phenotype ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths which contributes to a significant public health problem worldwide with 1.8 million new cases and almost 861,000 deaths in 2018 according to the World Health Organization. It exhibits 7.4% of all diagnosed cancer cases in the region of the Middle East and North Africa. Molecular changes that happen in CRCs are chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability (MSI), and CpG island methylator phenotype. The human RAS family (KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS) is the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancer appearing in 45% of colon cancers. Determining MSI status across CRCs offers the opportunity to identify patients who are likely to respond to targeted therapies such as anti-PD-1. Therefore, a method to efficiently determine MSI status for every cancer patient is needed. Results KRAS mutations were detected in 31.6% of CRC patients, namely in older patients (p = 0.003). Codons 12 and 13 constituted 5/6 (83.3%) and 1/6 (16.7%) of all KRAS mutations, respectively. We found three mutations G12D, G12C, and G13D which occur as a result of substitution at c.35G>A, c.34G>T, and c.38G>A and have been detected in 4/6 (66.6%), 1/6 (16.7%), and 1/6 (16.7%) patients, respectively. Eleven (57.9%) patients had microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) CRC. A higher percentage of MSI-H CRC was detected in female patients (p = 0.048). Eight patients had both MSI-H CRC and wild KRAS mutation with no statistical significance was found between MSI status and KRAS mutation in these studied patients. Conclusion In conclusion, considering that KRAS mutations confer resistance to EGFR inhibitors, patients who have CRC with KRAS mutation could receive more tailored management by defining MSI status. MSI-high patients have enhanced responsiveness to anti-PD-1 therapies. Thus, the question arises as to whether it is worth investigating this association in the routine clinical setting or not. Further studies with a larger number of patients are needed to assess the impact of MSI status on Egyptian CRC care.

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