scholarly journals Public-private re-alignments: the role of structural economic transformations in spurring the joint international engagement of agribusiness and the Brazilian State

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (32) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Søndergaard
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
International Engagement

The article focuses upon how changes in global agricultural markets and the transformation of the Brazilian economic model from the 1990s have redefined relations between the state and agribusiness, and affected the country´s international strategy. The central objective is to evaluate the causal impact of structural factors at the global and the national level upon the dispositions and preferences of the group of actors examined. Public-private cooperation is analyzed through institutionalist IPE and liberal IR theory, in combination with a neopluralist perspective. The article concludes that changes in global food markets and the economic liberalizations of the 1990s have spurred an export-oriented consensus between the agricultural sector and the state, with strong repercussions within the country´s international engagement.

General Particulars Regarding the Conflict of Interest

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Aurelia Teodora Drăghici
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Changing Role

SummaryTheme conflicts of interest is one of the major reasons for concern local government, regional and central administrative and criminal legal implications aiming to uphold the integrity and decisions objectively. Also, most obviously, conflicts of interest occur at the national level where political stakes are usually highest, one of the determining factors of this segment being the changing role of the state itself, which creates opportunities for individual gain through its transformations.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CURRENT SITUATION, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Shulha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
The Eu

The state and contradictions of the development of the agricultural sector of the national economy are investigated. Challenges at the micro-, macro- and global levels for the agricultural sector in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified. It is noted that the main problems for the domestic agricultural sector in a pandemic were: reducing the purchasing power of the population, limiting the functioning of agri-food markets during quarantine, complicating the logistics of agricultural products. It is established that changes in the markets of countries that are major importers of agricultural products from Ukraine (China, India, the EU, Turkey, Egypt) in a pandemic will have the greatest impact on the development of Ukraine’s agricultural sector. It is concluded that among all sectors of the national economy, agriculture is the least affected by quarantine restrictions. It is shown that small and medium-sized farms suffer the greatest losses in a pandemic. The tasks facing agricultural enterprises and the state in the conditions of a pandemic are determined. The strategic directions of agricultural policy in Ukraine are indicated.

scholarly journals Mediating the form and direction of regional sustainable development: The role of the state in renewable energy deployment in selected regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-317
Author(s):  
Carla De Laurentis
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The Uk ◽  
National Governments

This paper analyses and critically discusses the role of regions in implementing renewable energy (RE) policies, examining the relationship between state policy and RE deployment. Using evidence from four case study regions, Apulia and Tuscany in Italy and Wales and Scotland in the UK, the paper teases out some differences in terms of regional competencies to implement RE policies across the two countries. The national governments in both Italy and the UK have constructed regulatory and governance relationships to orchestrate and reorder economic, social and ecological challenges and devolve responsibilities at the sub-national level. This has offered an opportunity for the peculiarities of regional setups to be taken into account and regions have contributed towards the promotion of green and sustainable path development via the route of promoting RE deployment. The paper argues that the downscaling and distribution of responsibility in the cases investigated reflect the capacity and willingness of nation states to respond to and mediate the strategic goals and outcomes formulated at national and international levels. Nevertheless, while the regions investigated display differences in their incentives, capacities and capabilities to increase RE deployment, their ability to act is very much influenced by nation states, stressing the important role of the state in mediating the form and direction of RE deployment.

scholarly journals The Role of Leaders in Formulation of the Foreign Policy Identity in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-90
Author(s):  
I. E. Ibragimov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Policy Decisions

The features of the formation of the of the state explains the high level of interest in this scientific problem in the modern theory of international relations. The study of for eign policy identity is capable of providing an understanding of the policy-making activity of the state and its positioning in the international arena. The process of forming a foreign policy identity linked to both objective and subjective factors. The objective factors should be classified as geographical, historical, cultural and religious, the key subjective factors can be considered the role of a leader. This factor is standard for Middle Eastern states, especially for Egypt, where there are traditions of strong centralized powers. Egyptian leaders have supreme power in foreign policy decisions within the framework of the political system. Egypt's foreign policy is often determined by the personal character traits of the country's leaders. This article aims to study the role of the head of the Egypt in the search for foreign policy identity in the context of an identity crisis at the national level. Egypt has a long history of authoritarian rule, because it is impossible to separate national identity from foreign policy identity. Since its independent existence, each period with its own context established a different framework of identity and worldview for decision-makers in the field of Egypt`s foreign policy. The predominance of various elements in ideological as well as worldview in the age of the rule of a particular president has led to noticeable differences in Egypt's foreign policy at the current stage. This article attempts to answer the following research questions: What place does of the institute of the heads of State in foreign policy decisions? How leader's influence does determine the foreign policy role of the state? What changes in foreign policy priorities have taken place during the analysis period? What are the reasons for the differences between the main periods of Egypt's foreign policy in goals, tools and approaches to the outside world? The author comes to the conclusion that the change of the political leader plays an important role in the transformations of Egypt's foreign policy. The article analyzes the main trends in the foreign policy self-perception of Egypt in order to confirm the hypothesis that the foreign policy identity of Egypt had not evolved a discontinuity even in the conditions of dramatic events, whether it is the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Peace treaty with Israel or the events of the Arab Spring.

scholarly journals Розвиток організаційних структур та програм співучасті в системі аграрного землекористування

2017 ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
І. А. Маркіна
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Information Providers

Розроблено кластерну модель дуалістичного (традиційна та органічна продукція) розвитку землекористування в Україні. Принциповою відмінністю від існуючих моделей є наявність Національного науково-виробничого агроекологічного парку, регіональних наукових (економічних) центрів розвитку сільських територій та зміщення акценту ролі держави на реалізацію економічних функцій як агента земельних інтересів. Представлена  система інформаційного провайдингу в управлінні земельними ресурсами аграрного сектору економіки. Запропоновано концепцію розвитку державно-приватного партнерства в системі землекористування, що заснована на агрохімічному, меліоративному, логістичному та збутовому напрямах та має на меті забезпечення поєднання можливостей мікро-, мініагентів, спільних агентів та держави, в тому числі із залученням коштів регіональних і глобальних агентів, на компліментарній основі з приводу раціонального землекористування та підвищення прямих і непрямих доходів всіх представників груп земельних інтересів. A cluster model of dualistic (traditional and organic products) development of land use in Ukraine has been developed. A fundamental difference from existing models is the existence of the National Research and Production Agroecological Park, regional scientific (economic) centers for the development of rural areas and the shift in the emphasis of the role of the state on the realization of economic functions as an agent of land interests. The presented system of information providers in the management of land resources of the agricultural sector of the economy. The concept of development of public-private partnership in the land use system based on agrochemical, meliorative, logistic and marketing directions is offered and aims to ensure the combination of the capabilities of micro-, miniagents, general agents and the state, also with the involvement of regional and global agents, on a complimentary basis for rational land use and increasing the direct and indirect income of all representatives of land interest groups.

scholarly journals Strategic Priorities of the Institutional Support of Agrarian Economy of Ukraine in the Context of European Integration Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (518) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
A. V. Balian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
State Level ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Agrarian Economy

The article defines that recently, under the influence of global processes, pandemic and volatility of international agri-food markets, the high dynamics of transformations in the world economy has been generating more and more risks for domestic producers and requires effective decision-making in the legislative and regulatory field at the State level. Thus, formation and implementation of strategic priorities of institutional support for the agrarian economy of Ukraine in the context of European integration processes remains an actual problem. The article is aimed at substantiating the strategic priorities of developing the institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in the context of changes in the global environment and under the influence of European integration processes. In order to achieve the aim, analysis of modern problems of institutional support of the agrarian sphere of the national economy of Ukraine in the context of European integration processes is carried out. It is noted that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the implementation of the tasks of the structural units of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences as a scientific institution to provide innovative support for the development of the industry. Emphasis is placed on the chronic underfunding of research and development at the State level, which inhibits the effectiveness of innovative providers in the agricultural sector. The main directions of further development of agribusiness in order to ensure the competitiveness of domestic products in agri-food markets and ensure food security of the country are identified. Emphasis is placed on the intensification of significant export potential, in particular organic production, the volume of supplies to world markets is growing. However, it is proved that the effectiveness of the implemented strategies for scientific support of the agricultural sector requires proper funding, responsible attitude and vision of the economic perspective behind it. In order to intensify the innovative model of scientific activity in the agrarian sphere and in the context of integration into the European Open Scientific Space, the first intermediate results of the activities of the State-owned institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences are determined.

scholarly journals Understanding the Role of the State in Promoting Capitalist Accumulation: A Case Study of the Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-133
Author(s):  
Joseph Yaw Asomah
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Immigration Laws ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Policies And Practices

There is limited in-depth research focusing on how the state exerts power and its influence through immigration laws, policies and practices in structuring the relations of labour and capital in a manner that reflects capitalist interests. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the state in fostering capitalist accumulation, using the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) as a case study, and to consider the implications for policy. This paper addresses these questions: What shapes and reproduces labour-capital relations with reference to SAWP? What are the repercussions of these relations, particularly on the international migrant workers? What should be the role of the state and law in transforming these relations? The paper draws on a constellation of insights from neoliberal globalization, segmentation of labour theory, and a conceptual overview of the role of the state in regulating labour-capital relations to illuminate the discussions. This paper helps broaden our current understanding of how the state faciliates capitalist accumulation in the agricultural sector in Canada through immigration policies and practices with reference to the SAWP. The paper therefore makes a contribution to the theoretical debates on the role of the state in the facilitation of capitalist accumulation in agriculture.

Distance Education and the Role of the State: A Sweden/USA Perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Hansson ◽  
Paul Mihailidis ◽  
Carl Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Federal Policy ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State And Local

This study aims to comparatively explore the role of the state (federal policy) in distance-education initiatives in the higher education communities of Sweden and the United States. In a globalized context, education institutes now have the capabilities to provide education and educational resources more efficiently and to a wide-ranging and diverse audience. Within the education sector and distance education, the role of the state and federal policy becomes increasingly important, in terms of how distance-education platforms are developed and implemented in institutions of higher education. The first section of this article provides an overview of the United States and Sweden's current higher education and distance-education landscapes, focusing on the role of the state and federal policy with respect to the funding and overall aims of distance education. The development of distance education in Sweden is highly related to political goals and policies, the top down/domestic/‘inside’ approach. The governing body dictates the funding and policy for distance education, and implementation is left to the university body. In the United States, the landscape differs in that no one federal institution provides direct funding or unified guidelines for developing distance education, but universities are left to their own devices and capabilities for implementation. In Sweden, high ambitions and goals are set at the national level, but the educational organizations are changing only slowly. The pressures on the education organizations are high because of steadily decreasing funding and fewer and fewer staff in relation to students. In the United States, education functions primarily as a state and local responsibility. In conclusion, the article aims to exploit the differences between the two countries' role of the state (federal policy) in distance-education policy, and present a middle ground which would be most balanced for distance education, entailing some federal supervision with the allowance for a certain level of autonomy in regards to development, implementation, funding and longevity.

scholarly journals The State and Coordinated Capitalism: Contributions of the Public Sector to Social Solidarity in Postindustrial Societies

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathie Jo Martin ◽  
Kathleen Thelen
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
Adjustment Policy ◽  
Coordinated Market Economies ◽  
Role Of The State

This article investigates the politics of change in coordinated market econo\mies, and explores why some countries (well known for their highly cooperative arrangements) manage to sustain coordination when adjusting to economic transformation, while others fail. The authors argue that the broad category of “coordinated market economies” subsumes different types of cooperative engagement: macrocorporatut forms of coordination are characterized by national-level institutions for fostering cooperation and feature a strong role for the state, while forms of coordination associated with enterprise cooperation more typically occur at the level of sector or regional institutions and are often privately controlled. Although these diverse forms of coordination once appeared quite similar and functioned as structural equivalents, they now have radically different capacities for self-adjustment.The role of the state is at the heart of the divergence among European coordinated countries. A large public sector affects the political dynamics behind collective outcomes, through its impact both on the state's construction of its own policy interests and on private actors' goals. Although a large public sector has typically been written off as an inevitable drag on the economy, it can provide state actors with a crucial political tool for shoring up coordination in a postindustrial economy. The authors use the cases of Denmark and Germany to illustrate how uncontroversially coordinated market economies have evolved along two sharply divergent paths in the past two decades and to reflect on broader questions of stability and change in coordinated market economies. The two countries diverge most acutely with respect to the balance of power between state and society; indeed, the Danish state—far from being a constraint on adjustment (a central truism in neoliberal thought)—plays the role of facilitator in economic adjustment, policy change, and continued coordination.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Growth of the Agricultural Sector in Langkat Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-274
Author(s):  
Azulaidin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
National Level ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
The State ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Government

Regional economic development has an important role in the success of development at the national level. The state of the national economy is structured by the state of the regional economy. Seeing the condition of Indonesia which has a large area and a relatively large number of provinces, the availability of infrastructure and physical capital has an important role in increasing economic growth. Production infrastructure can be provided by both the government and the private sector. The government as the main development agent has a big responsibility in providing infrastructure and adequate capital for both public and private interests. In addition, the availability of labor as a human resource in addition to nature, capital and technology also has an important role for the economy. The agricultural business in Langkat Regency in 2018 contributed to the formation of a total GRDP of 35.06 percent, a decrease from 2016 which was 35.61 percent. Meanwhile, the growth rate has slowed down from 5.33 percent in 2017 to 4.76 percent in 2018. Factors that affect growth in Langkat Regency are land area, capital accumulation, population and labor growth, technological advances, exports and agricultural budgets that affect the growth rate of the agricultural sector.

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