On The Mass Reactions Of Gold Fish And Carp Against The Toxic Substance

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

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Survival studies on genetically modified bacterins and their immunization effect on gold fish (Carassius auratus)

Indian Journal Of Applied Research ◽

10.15373/2249555x/nov2013/171 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (11) ◽

pp. 547-549

Author(s):

S. Jeeva S. Jeeva ◽

◽

J. Raja Brindha ◽

N. C. J. Packia Lekshmi ◽

A. Vasudevan A. Vasudevan

Keyword(s):

Carassius Auratus ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Gold Fish ◽

Survival Studies

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Evaluación Cognitiva Montreal y consumo de alcohol: Un diagnóstico descriptivo del deterioro cognitivo en estudiantes universitarios de Durango, México

Revista de Técnicas de Enfermería y Salud ◽

10.35429/jnt.2019.7.3.28.38 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 28-38

Author(s):

Karla Liliana Pérez-Sosa ◽

Edgar Felipe Lares-Bayona

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Toxic Substance ◽

Female Gender ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Probabilistic Study ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Relationship

Alcohol is a toxic substance associated with acute and chronic disorders affecting the Central Nervous System and significantly altering brain function. Objective: To determine the relationship between cognitive impairment and alcohol consumption in university students of the Juárez University of the State of Durango. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative, non-probabilistic study, for convenience. A database was designed on the results obtained in a clinical interview on alcohol consumption and the application of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Contribution: The evaluation of cognitive functions show similar results, the male sex presented a better score in Attention and the female one in Orientation. More involvement was identified in the Deferred Memory functions in both groups. In relation to alcohol consumption, the cognitive functions evaluated show lower levels. The female gender was more evident cognitive impairment in relation to alcohol consumption being statistically significant (p <0.025). Alcohol consumption is a risky behavior that deserves to be recognized by the main actors about neurocognitive effects. Alcohol consumption prevention programs and cognitive diagnostic tools are appropriate strategies to reduce risk behaviors in mental health.

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Effect of Acute Toxicityof Glyphosate in Gold Fish Carassiusauratus

10.36295/asro.2019.220517 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (05) ◽

pp. 137-145

Author(s):

Jenan M. Al-Kawaz

Keyword(s):

Gold Fish

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Review: Prevention and Reduction of Mycotoxin by Antagonistic Microorganism

Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress ◽

10.22146/ifnp.39607 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Winiati Pudji Rahayu

Keyword(s):

Toxic Substance ◽

Single Species ◽

Raw Material ◽

Foodborne Disease ◽

Toxigenic Fungi ◽

Toxicity Effect ◽

Microbial Characteristic ◽

Processed Products ◽

Biological Methods ◽

Effective Result

Mycotoxin is widely known as one cause of foodborne disease, produced by toxigenic fungi. Any country should be aware about this high risk potency by knowing the mycotoxin, affected commodities, fungal sources, and toxicity effect to human or animal. Controlling mycotoxin could be done by physic, chemical, and biological methods. The microbial characteristic used for biological agent should be evaluated including the inability to produce toxic substance, tendency to multiply, colonize, survive, safety, and applicability to the environment. Studies related to mycotoxin biocontrol by using antagonistic microorganism can be focused on (1) the effect to the mycotoxin, (2) the growth of microorganism, or (3) the application to food both raw material and processed products. Consideration to combine more than one species of microorganism instead of a single species also has been taken to achieve more effective result. For example, S. cerevisiae has been used together with LAB to control certain mycotoxin. Further studies are needed to develop the possibility of other biological agents and the effect of their application, which in the next have the potency as manufacturing products.

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Safe and Effective Use of Ozone as Air and Surface Disinfectant in the Conjuncture of Covid-19

Gases ◽

10.3390/gases1010002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 19-32

Author(s):

Elena Grignani ◽

Antonella Mansi ◽

Renato Cabella ◽

Paola Castellano ◽

Angelo Tirabasso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Molecules ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Toxic Substance ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Emergency Situation ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Public Places ◽

Safety Measures ◽

Effective Use

The present paper extrapolates quantitative data for ozone virucidal activity on the basis of the available scientific literature data for a safe and effective use of ozone in the appropriate cases and to explore the safety measures developed under the stimulus of the current emergency situation. Ozone is a powerful oxidant reacting with organic molecules, and therefore has bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal actions. At the same time, it is a toxic substance, having adverse effects on health and safety. Its use is being proposed for the disinfection of workplaces’ and public places’ atmosphere, and for disposable masks and personal protective equipment disinfection for reuse, with particular reference to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Ozone can be generated in situ by means of small, compact ozone generators, using dried ambient air as a precursor. It should be injected into the room that is to be disinfected until the desired ozone concentration is reached; after the time needed for the disinfection, its concentrations must be reduced to the levels required for the workers’ safety. The optimal use of ozone is for air and surface disinfection without human presence, using a concentration that is effective for the destruction of viruses, but not high enough to deteriorate materials.

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Actions that should not be taken with a paediatric patient who has been exposed to a potentially toxic substance

Anales de Pediatría (English Edition) ◽

10.1016/j.anpede.2020.07.016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 94 (5) ◽

pp. 285-292

Author(s):

Lidia Martínez-Sánchez ◽

Javier López-Ávila ◽

Alberto Barasoain-Millán ◽

Carlos Miguel Angelats-Romero ◽

Beatriz Azkunaga-Santibañez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Paediatric Patient ◽

Toxic Substance

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Peroxiredoxins as Potential Targets for Cardiovascular Disease

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10081244 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1244

Author(s):

Se-Jin Jeong ◽

Jong-Gil Park ◽

Goo Taeg Oh

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Intracellular Signaling ◽

Toxic Substance ◽

Regulatory Proteins ◽

The Past ◽

Glutathione Peroxidases ◽

Intracellular Signals ◽

Common Etiology ◽

Cardiovascular Cells

Increased oxidative stress (OS) is considered a common etiology in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the precise regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiovascular cells is essential to maintain normal physiological functions. Numerous regulators of cellular homeostasis are reportedly influenced by ROS. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as an endogenous ROS in aerobic cells, is a toxic substance that can induce OS. However, many studies conducted over the past two decades have provided substantial evidence that H2O2 acts as a diffusible intracellular signaling messenger. Antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, and peroxiredoxins (Prdxs), maintain the balance of ROS levels against augmentation of ROS production during the pathogenesis of CVD. Especially, Prdxs are regulatory sensors of transduced intracellular signals. The intracellular abundance of Prdxs that specifically react with H2O2 act as regulatory proteins. In this review, we focus on the role of Prdxs in the regulation of ROS-induced pathological changes in the development of CVD.

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A case of diquat poisoning in pigs

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/87/2019-vetmed ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 505-511

Author(s):

Z Siroka ◽

M Svoboda ◽

Z Svobodova ◽

I Nagl

Keyword(s):

Toxic Substance ◽

Large Body ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Acute Poisoning ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

Tissue Destruction ◽

Large White ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Stomach Fundus ◽

White Foam

Diquat is a bipyridyl compound which belongs to the group of herbicides. Its activity is based on the liberation of the superoxide anion radical and, subsequently, hydrogen peroxide, leading to tissue destruction by oxidative stress. Acute poisoning is associated with high mortality within several hours to a few days. The reported case of poisoning occurred on a commercial farm. The fattening pigs of the Landrace and Large White breeds were affected. The pigs were kept on a deep litter. Reglone (active ingredient diquat dibromide, 200 g/l) was used on the farm fields to desiccate the clover crop. The dry clover straw was harvested and stored for approximately a month and then used as a litter. In total, 50 pigs were affected. The onset of the poisoning was very fast. Within eight hours after the litter administration, 20 animals died. The only clinical sign seen was severe haemorrhagic dermatitis. The pathological examination revealed acute superficial haemorrhagic dermatitis on the belly, the snout and the ears of the affected pigs. Hyperaemia of the tonsils, pharynx and oesophagus was diagnosed, as well as a pronounced hyperaemia of the stomach fundus. In the distal part of the trachea, there was a dense, white foam. The lungs were congested, with focal emphysema. The liver was slightly hyperaemic. The histological examination revealed a massive haemostasis in liver and diffuse acute polymorphonuclear hepatitis. The other organs were without changes. The examination revealed acute poisoning caused by the large body surface areas contacting with a toxic substance. The pigs that survived were immediately removed to a non-contaminated area. The changes on their skin were not so extensive compared to the dead ones. Within 5–7 days after the exposure to diquat, the skin lesions healed.

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The Effect of Cyanine Dye NK-4 on Photoreceptor Degeneration in a Rat Model of Early-Stage Retinitis Pigmentosa

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14070694 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 694

Author(s):

Shihui Liu ◽

Toshihiko Matsuo ◽

Mary Miyaji ◽

Osamu Hosoya

Keyword(s):

Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽

Rat Model ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Toxic Substance ◽

Cyanine Dye ◽

Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Pathway Enrichment ◽

Metal Ion Homeostasis ◽

Rcs Rats

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of NK-4 on the apoptosis of photoreceptors in a rat model of retinitis pigmentosa and explore the mechanism underlying anti-apoptosis activity. The Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats received an intravitreous injection of NK-4 solution in the left eye and vehicle control in the right eye. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method in frozen sections of the eyes. The retinal tissues of the rats were dissected for RNA-seq analysis. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed by using Metascape and DAVID software. The expression levels of DEGs were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The number of apoptotic cells decreased in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and the thickness of the ONL was significantly thicker in the retina of NK-4-injected eyes, compared with control eyes. Five DEGs were identified by RNA-seq analysis, and Hmox1, Mt1, Atf5, Slc7a11, and Bdh2 were confirmed to be up-regulated by RT-qPCR. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis of the up-regulated genes showed that anti-apoptosis effects of NK-4 in the retina of RCS rats may be related to the pathways of metal ion homeostasis, negative regulation of neuron death, response to toxic substance, and pigment metabolic process. We found a potential mechanism of NK-4, providing a new viewpoint for the development of more therapeutic uses of NK-4 in the future.

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