Icon-Painting Workshop of the Solovetsky Monastery. 17th - Early 20th Century

Secreta Artis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 50-75
Author(s):  
Tatiana Mikhailovna Koltsova
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
The North ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Solovetsky Monastery ◽  
Made In

Founded in 1429, the Solovetsky Monastery has throughout several centuries preserved and maintained the traditions of Russian icon painting in the North. In its iconpainting chamber (the building was constructed in 1615), new iconostases were created and icons from the churches of the monastery and patrimonial lands in Pomorie were repaired. In the 17th century, 45 icon painters worked on Solovki in different years, among them were monks, monastery servants, and “trudniks” (lay workers). In the 18th century, the artists of the Pomor patrimonial lands underwent their initial training at the monastery school of icon painting. Families of hereditary icon painters Chalkovs and Savins from Sumsky Posad are particularly well-known. The monastery sent the most gifted students to St. Petersburg and Moscow to improve their art. In 1880, the Solovetsky painting school was inaugurated, where many northern icon painters acquired basic painting skills. Copying and painting from life formed the basis of the educational process; students were offered paintings from the Academy of Arts as samples. The icons and paintings made in the workshop are distinguished by their characteristic stylistic, technical and technological features. The most prominent graduates of the school (A. A. Borisov, N. G. Bekryashev) contributed significantly to the history of Russian art. The article contains new archival documents and rare photographs.

Pandito Khambo-lama’s gifts in the Kunstkamera

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Владимирович Иванов
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Image Composition ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Exact Date ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Made In

Еще в 2009 г. удалось выявить в фонде Музея антропологии и этнографии (Кунсткамеры) РАН ряд буддийских экспонатов Кунсткамеры XVIII в. Письма Миллера к Лубсан-тайше и ламе Дзоржия, опубликованные А.Х. Элертом, консультация XXIV Пандито Хамбо-ламы Аюшеева и инструкции Миллера переводчику Илье Яхонтову, хранящиеся в Санкт-Петербургском филиале архива АН, позволили прояснить точную дату приобретения артефактов и имя первособирателя Дамба-Даржа (Даржай) Заяева, ставшего в 1764 г. I Пандито Хамбо-ламой. Автор статьи определил особенности художественного стиля, получившие дальнейшее развитие в бурятской живописи. Проведены параллели в композиции, стиле, характерных деталях изображения со скульптурой, выполненной в долоннорском стиле. Также описан еще один предмет коллекции небольшая буддийская танка, подаренная в 1783 г. Академии наук III Пандито Хамбо-ламой Лубсан-Жимба Ахалдаевым. Статья рассказывает об истории этой танки, а также ее стилистических особенностях, колорите, деталях изображения, композиции. Back in 2009, it was possible to identify a number of Buddhist exhibits of the 18th century Kunstkamera at the fund of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Mllers letters to Lubsan Taisha and Lama Dzorzhia published by A.Kh. Elert, consultation of the XXIV Pandito Khambo-Lama Ayusheev and Mllers instructions to the translator Ilya Yakhontov, stored in the St. Petersburg branch of the Academy of Sciencess archive made it possible to clarify the exact date of acquisition of the artifacts and the name of the first selector Damba-Darzha (Darzhai) Zayaev, who became I Pandito Khambo-lama in 1764. The author of the article identified the features of the artistic style that were further developed in Buryat painting. He saw parallels in composition, style, characteristic details of the image with a sculpture made in the Dolonnor style. Another collection item is also described a small Buddhist icon, donated to the Academy of Sciences by III Pandito Khambo-Lama Lubsan-Zhimba Akhaldaev in 1783. The article tells about the history of this Thangka, as well as its stylistic features, color, details of the image, composition.

scholarly journals Pages of the history of Ossetian art: national opera studio at the moscow conservatory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.Э. Батагова
Keyword(s):  
Musical Theater ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
National Opera ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Strategy

Данная статья посвящена одному из аспектов становления и раз- вития осетинского национального музыкального театра. Раскрывается исто- рия создания и функционирования Осетинской оперной студии при Московской государственной консерватории. Формирование национальных оперных студий явилось одной из составляющих государственной стратегии по ускоренному развитию музыкального искусства в национальных республиках. Выпускники Осетинской оперной студии составили основу Оперного ансамбля (1951), а за- тем и оперной труппы национального музыкального театра (1958, 1972). Осо- бое внимание автор уделил изучению архивных документов, материалов прес- сы, раскрывающих особенности учебного процесса и творческой деятельности студийцев. This article is devoted to one of the aspects of formation and development of the Ossetian national musical theater. The history of the creation and functioning of the Ossetian Opera Studio at the Moscow State Conservatory is revealed. The formation of national Opera studios was one of the components of the state strategy for the accelerated development of musical art in the national republics. Graduates of the Ossetian opera studio formed the basis of the Opera ensemble (1951), and then the Opera Сompany of the National Musical Theater (1958, 1972). The author paid special attention to the study of archival documents and press materials that reveal the features of the educational process and creative activities of students.

scholarly journals Turkisms in one of the early Russian translations of the 18th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-201
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Sokolov ◽  
◽  
Irina A. Malysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Italian Translation ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Made In

The article considers Turkic borrowings in the Russian language at the beginning of the 18th century. The material of the study was a translation of the 17th century treatise “The History of the Present State of the Ottoman Empire” written by the English diplomat Paul Ricaut and translated into a number of European languages. The Russian translation was done by P.A.Tolstoy from the Italian version in 1702–1714 and published as “The Turkish Monarchy” in 1741. The study presents the methods of phonetic (orthographic) and morphological adaptation of Turkisms by comparing a typographical manuscript for typesetting with edits (made in 1725) and the printed text. The article aims at comparing the usage of borrowings with their forms in the Italian version of the treatise and in the Polish translation since the latter, apparently, was used in the process of typographical editing of the Russian text. A number ofdistorted forms of Turkisms that appeared in the Russian “Monarchy” as a result of the mechanical transfer of typos from the Italian translation were revealed. It has been established that the translation of compound nouns identified in the Turkic languages as izafet constructions was mainly a copying of their forms from the Italian translation. Most of the Turkisms in “The Turkish Monarchy” are exoticisms, but likely relevant for the Russian reader of the 18th century. Hence, the principles of including exoticisms in the “Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 18th Century” require clarification because a number of Turkisms denoting confessional concepts in modern Russian are part of active vocabulary.

Holocene and latest Pleistocene fluctuations of Stutfield Glacier, Canadian Rockies

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
G D Osborn ◽  
B J Robinson ◽  
B H Luckman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Canadian Rockies ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glacier Advance

The Holocene and late glacial history of fluctuations of Stutfield Glacier are reconstructed using moraine stratigraphy, tephrochronology, and dendroglaciology. Stratigraphic sections in the lateral moraines contain tills from at least three glacier advances separated by volcanic tephras and paleosols. The oldest, pre-Mazama till is correlated with the Crowfoot Advance (dated elsewhere to be Younger Dryas equivalent). A Neoglacial till is found between the Mazama tephra and a paleosol developed on the Bridge River tephra. A log dating 2400 BP from the upper part of this till indicates that this glacier advance, correlated with the Peyto Advance, culminated shortly before deposition of the Bridge River tephra. Radiocarbon and tree-ring dates from overridden trees exposed in moraine sections indicate that the initial Cavell (Little Ice Age (LIA)) Advance overrode this paleosol and trees after A.D. 1271. Three subsequent phases of the Cavell Advance were dated by dendrochronology. The maximum glacier extent occurred in the mid-18th century, predating 1743 on the southern lateral, although ice still occupied and tilted a tree on the north lateral in 1758. Subsequent glacier advances occurred ca. 1800–1816 and in the late 19th century. The relative extent of the LIA advances at Stutfield differs from that of other major eastward flowing outlets of the Columbia Icefield, which have maxima in the mid–late 19th century. This is the first study from the Canadian Rockies to demonstrate that the large, morphologically simple, lateral moraines defining the LIA glacier limits are actually composite features, built up progressively (but discontinuously) over the Holocene and contain evidence of multiple Holocene- and Crowfoot-age glacier advances.

History of Mozambique

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugénia Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Direct Administration ◽  
Portuguese Colonialism ◽  
Indian And Atlantic Oceans

The peoples of early-21st-century Mozambique underwent different historical experiences which, to a certain extent, were homogenized when Portuguese colonialism encompassed the entire territory from the late 19th century onward. However, all of them had common origins, rooted in successive Bantu migrations. These peoples were organized into small chiefdoms based on lineages, but those located in the central region of Mozambique were integrated into states with some level of centralization, created by the Karanga south of the Zambezi and by the Maravi to the north. The interior regions were articulated into mercantile networks with the Indian Ocean through Swahili coastal entrepôts, exporting gold and ivory. From 1505 onward, the Portuguese sought to control this commerce from some settlements along the coast, particularly Mozambique Island, their capital. During the last decades of the 16th century, projects emerged for territorial appropriation in the Zambezi Valley, where a Luso-Afro-Indian Creole society developed. From the mid-18th century onward the slave trade to the Indian and Atlantic Oceans became increasingly important, with different impacts in the respective regions. Modern Portuguese colonialism was established by means of military campaigns: having limited capital, Portugal granted concessions for part of the territory to companies. When these concessions ended in 1942, the colonial state developed a direct administration throughout the territory, headquartered in Lourenço Marques (Maputo). Nationalist ideals developed during the 1950s among various movements, of which three organizations united to form the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) in 1962. From 1964 onward, FRELIMO unleashed an anticolonial war in northern and central Mozambique. After the 1974 revolution in Portugal, negotiations resulted in the recognition of Mozambique’s independence on June 25, 1975, and a FRELIMO government. Armed opposition to the Marxist-Leninist government and the civil war continued until 1992. During the 1990s, Mozambique adopted a multiparty system and liberalized its economy.

scholarly journals Musical Theatre in the North of the Far East of Russia: 1950–1953

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.И. Крыловская
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Far East ◽  
Musical Theatre ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
The North ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of

В марте 1950 года в Магадан приехала московская молодежная труппа оперетты. Это событие положило начало качественно новому этапу в истории музыкального театра Севера Дальнего Востока России. Статья посвящена деятельности этого молодого коллектива в 1950‒1953 годах, когда Магаданский музыкально-драматический театр находился в подчинении у руководства исправительно-трудовых лагерей Колымы. Приводятся сведения из неизвестных ранее архивных документов и материалов периодики. На их основе прослеживаются события в жизни коллектива, работа над репертуаром, постановочные проблемы; рецензии отражают восприятие и оценку современников. По мнению автора, деятельность труппы оперетты в начале 1950-х годов утвердила Магаданский музыкально-драматический театр как центр музыкальной культуры региона, стимулировавший развитие в нем профессионального исполнительства и музыкального образования. In March, 1950 the Moscow youth operetta troupe arrived in Magadan. This event laid the foundation for qualitatively new stage in the history of musical theatre of the North of the Far East of Russia. The article is devoted to the activity of this young collective in 1950‒1953 when the Magadan musical and drama theatre was under supervision at the management of labor camps of Kolyma. Data from unknown archival documents and materials of the periodical press are provided, serving the basis for tracing events in collective life, work on the repertoire, the production problems, reviews which reflected perception and assessment of contemporaries. The remained photo of the soloist of troupe is provided in the article, along with the first time published data and pictures of archival documents which were secret until the early 1990s. According to the author, activity of the operetta troupe in the early 1950s approved the Magadan Musical and Drama Theatre as the center of musical culture of the region stimulating development therein of professional performance and music education.

scholarly journals RIVER IN THE WORKS BY M. F. ISTOMIN: ON THE PROBLEM OF MODELING THE IMAGE OF THE NORTH IN THE WORKS OF KOMI WRITERS OF THE XIX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-662
Author(s):  
Valentina Aleksandrovna Limerova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literary Portrait ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Literature Material ◽  
Made In

The works of Mikhail Fedorovich Istomin (1821-1862) are part of the unexplored and, until recently, not included in the history of Komi literature material - essays created by Komi writers of the XIX century in Russian language. Meanwhile, the work of M. Istomin is very representative both in terms of the formation of General regional characteristic of all the literature of the North, and the ways of familiarizing Komi intelligentsia to literary work. The analysis of works of M. Istomin made in this work, allows to judge about actual for the writer-“foreigner” of the XIX century connection to all-regional and all-Russian literary process, and also about a problem of creation of a native literary portrait for different people of the North. The description of the territory, its geographical and climatic features, the creation of descriptions of places was chosen by the writer as a priority, the most important task of creativity. This allows him to embody fragments of the Northern world through the focus of view of autochthon, to identify and record the most important, especially important for the northerner, locations and objects of environment. The writer paid special attention to the rivers as the most important geographical and natural attractions of the region. In essence, the North in the essays of M. Istomin takes the form of world saturated with many waters. The writer is far from symbolizing natural objects, does not endow their images with figurative meanings, at the same time, many descriptions of different rivers in his essays indicate the movement of regional and Komi literature by the way of creation its own concept of the North as a natural environment-centered world.

L. V. Scherba – a Theoretician and Practitioner of Russian Lexicography

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
E. G. Stukova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

The article analyses some aspects of lexicographic activity of L. V. Scherba: it examines his contribution into the development of the theory of lexicography, gives a survey of the dictionaries compiled with his participation in the 1920s–30s of the XX century, introduces to the scientific community some little-known facts of his lexicographic activity of the period. In addition to a general scientific overview of special literature and the analysis of his «Dictionary of the Russian Language», the article presents facts of the archival documents from Saint Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The article deals with such unknown or little-known facts as L. V. Schera’s personal participation in the 1920s–30s in a number of lexicographic projects in Moscow and Leningrad: he took part in the compilation of «Lenin’s» dictionary of the Russian language, made in Moscow, A. S. Griboyedov’s «Woe from Wit» dictionary. A special page in the history of L. V. Scherba’s lexicographic activity became his work as a member of the Dictionary commission of the Academy of Sciences, his being an editor of a number of issues of the «Dictionary of the Russian Language» under the general edition of A. A. Shahmatov, and also compilation of the IX volume of the «Dictionary of the Russian Language» edited by N. S. Derzhavin. The article gives a brief analysis of the materials of the only published first issue («И – Идеализироваться») of this volume. The article summarizes important and topical for the theory of lexicography L. V. Sherba’s observations and statements resulting from his considerable practical dictionary making work. The article gives a brief account of concrete lexicographic material testifying for a very high level of the scientist’s lexicographic work.

Some Eighteenth Century Ferryhouses in Appin, Lorn, Argyll: the Development of the Single-Storeyed Mortared Stone Cottage in the West Highlands

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 243-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan W. MacKie
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

The evolution of the single-storeyed mortared stone cottage in the western highlands of Scotland seems to mirror that of the upper strata of late seventeenth and eighteenth century clan society in the region, and in particular to reflect a little of the disintegration of that society after the two failed Stuart uprisings and its consequent gradual integration with the lowland economy. An analysis of the architectural history of the Ferry House (let to the ferryman as a combined inn and home for his family) at Port Appin provides a foundation for the survey. The earliest part of the building, probably thatched, may well date from the 1740s but already it had lintelled hearths with flues in each gable wall - a lowland urban feature. A major extension with a slate roof was built in about 1770 and the earlier part was probably also slated at this time and subdivided inside to provide rooms for wealthier guests. Thereafter only relatively minor internal improvements were made, in the newer half, until the early 1950s when piped water was introduced and a separate bathroom and kitchen built. The cottages were sold to incomers not long after.A study of other ferries in the area confirms that mortared cottages almost identical to those in Port Appin, and in identical situations, are still to be found at two of these. The one on the south side of the abandoned Rugarve ferry over Loch Creran can also be dated to between about 1750 and 1770 from historical evidence. Also at Rugarve, on the north side, are the remains of a more primitive thatched drystone cottage, probably an early ferry house, which is smaller than the others and lacks hearths with chimneys.

scholarly journals A. A. Petrov. Istoriya izucheniya tunguso-manchzhurskih yazykov v Rossii (Ocherki i issledovaniya) [The history of the study of the Tungus-Manchu languages in Russia (sketches and researches)]

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Burykin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
North Siberia ◽  
Post Soviet Period

This publication is a review of a new book by A. A. Petrov devoted to the history of the study of the Tungus-Manchu languages in Russia from the 18th century till the beginning of the 21st century. Reference books of this type on the Tungus-Manchu languages and other languages of the peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of Russia have not been published for over 70 years, and they are especially relevant due to the increase in the volume of publications on these languages, a significant part of which are regional publications of universities and Siberian scientific centers. The main part of the book is the literature on the Tungus-Manchu languages dating back to the 20th century. It is divided into three periods: the pre-revolutionary period (1900—1917), the Soviet period (1917—1991), and the Russian post-Soviet period (1992—2000). There is a certain logic in this: the biographies of most researchers of the older generation fit into one period, and each period reflects certain trends in views on the subject and asks of the study. The book includes a number of supplements for reference. These applications make the book by A. A. Petrov a convenient textbook for students of specialized universities, a guide for refresher courses for teachers of the Tungus-Manchu languages and independent work of teachers, and a guide for foreign researchers who may have difficulties with the Russian bibliography on the subject. A. A. Petrov’s book is unambiguously useful as an everyday reference book of literature on the Tungus-Manchu languages, although, of course, researchers of biographies of scientists as well as researchers of some special problems of studying Tungus-Manchu languages will turn to other sources that provide special requests.

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