Prevalence of suspected tuberculous lesions in cattle slaughtered in Cross River State Abattoirs

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
P.M. Bikom ◽  
S.I. Oboegbulem
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Slaughter Cattle ◽  
South Central ◽  
Public Health Significance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
One Year ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

Granulomatous lessons in liver intestine, spleen, lung and lymph nodes (mediastinal, bronchial, retropharynged and mesenteric) were collected from slaughtered cattle in each of the main abattoirs in Bakoko, Ikom and Ogoja respectively in Cross River State South, Central and North senatorial cones during a one year (April, 2002 - March 2003) study period. 8,990 cattle were slaughtered and examined during the period. Of this number, tuberculous organs collected from 120 (1.3%) of the slaughtered cattle tested positive by the Ziehl-Neelsen (acid-fast) technique. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the prevalence of tuberculous lesions during the dry and rainy seasons, although a slightly higher prevalence was found during the former (1.5%) than the later (1.1%) season. Of the 120 tuberculous lesions found 71(1.6%) occurred in females while 19 (1.1%) occurred in males. The organs affected most were the lungs 73 (55.7%) and lymph nodes 40 (30.58%) while the least affected organ was the disphragmatic muscle 1(0.76%). It was concluded that the overall prevalence of 1.3% of tuberculous lesions in organs of slaughter cattle in the state is of epidemiological importance and further studies are needed to isolate and type the acid-fast organisms in order 10 properly assess their public health significance.

Prevalence and Antibiograms of Salmonellae in Slaughter Cattle, Slaughter Areas and Effluents in Zaria Abattoir, Nigeria

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABIODUN A. ADESIYUN ◽  
OYINDASOLA O. ONI
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Slaughter Cattle ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Health Significance

Mesenteric lymph nodes of slaughter cattle, swabs of slaughter and dressing areas and effluents of Zaria abattoir were cultured for salmonellae. Of a total of 510 samples cultured, 23 (5%) were positive for Salmonella. Five (4%) of 118 bovine lymph nodes contained salmonellae whereas sites swabbed during dressing had a frequency of isolation of 7% (11 of 150) and only 4 (3% of 150 samples) were positive after cleaning of dressing areas. Three (3%) of 92 effluent samples contained salmonellae. Thirteen of the 23 isolates of Salmonella were of different serotypes. The predominant serotypes were S. dublin (4 isolates), S. widemarsh (4 isolates) and S. Handoff (3 isolates). Twenty (87%), 8 (35%) and 8 (35%) isolates were resistant to streptomycin, neomycin and tetracycline respectively, while 6 (26%), 5 (22%) and 3(13%) isolates were not susceptible to gentamicin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol respectively. Overall, 15 resistance patterns were observed. The widespread occurrence of salmonellae in Zaria abattoir coupled with the high incidence of resistance to antimicrobial agents are of public health significance from the viewpoint of food hygiene and therapy for salmonellosis.

scholarly journals Cadmium, Cobalt, Lead and Zinc Levels in Soil and Edible Vegetables in Yala Urban Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-838
Author(s):  
M.A. Akpe ◽  
P.U. Ubua ◽  
I.B. Onyebuenyi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Seasons

The average level of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in the soil and edible vegetables samples collected randomly in Yala Urban Area of Cross River State was determined using flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The samples were digested and analyzed for the metals level or concentration in Chemistry Laboratory, University of Calabar. The eight vegetables selected for the study were Amaranthus spp., Corchorusolitorius, Murraya koenigii, Ocimum grattissimum, Solanum melongena, Talinum triangulare, Telferia occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina. The results indicated that the average level of the metals in the soil in mgkg-1 ranged from (0.005-0.021) and (0.004-0.019) in rainy and dry seasons respectively for Cadmium, (0.162- 0.475) and (0.163- 0.472) in rainy and dry season respectively for Cobalt, and (0.434-1.030) and (0.432-1.027) in rainy and dry season respectively for Zinc. Also, the average level of the metals accumulated by the vegetables in mgkg-1 ranged from (0.002-0.009) and (0.001- 0.007) in rainy and dry season respectively for Cadmium, (0.050-0.198) and (0.048-0.195) in rainy and dry season respectively for Cobalt, and (0.158-0.383) and (0.156-0.380) in rainy and dry season respectively for Zinc. The level of Lead in the soil or vegetables was not detected. The average level of metals accumulated by the vegetables and that present in the soil was in the order: Zinc > Cobalt > Cadmium > Lead. These results revealed that there is no significant difference between the level of metals in the soil or that accumulated by the vegetables in rainy and dry seasons of the year. Also the level of metals accumulated by most of the vegetables was directly proportional to the amount present in the soil where they are planted. The Target Hazard Quotients of these metals was less than 1. These results imply that the concentration of Cadmium, Cobalt, Zinc and Lead in the soil and vegetables were still low and within the permissible limits of World Health Organization. Thus, the consumption of the vegetables in the area may not pose any health risk for now. Keywords: Heavy metals, Concentration, Soil, Edible vegetables.

Diagnosis of Lymphatic Filariasis Using Immunochromatography and Microscopy in Three Local Government Areas of Cross River State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Maurice ◽  
E.U Sode ◽  
I.B Otu-Bassey
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Significant Difference

Human Lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by three types of filarial worms; Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugiatimori is one of the neglected tropical diseases and spread by bites of infected Anopheles, Culex, Aedes, Ochleratus andMansoni mosquitoes. The study evaluated diagnostic methods using blood samples from 420 consented participants in threeLocal Government Areas of Cross River State. Blood samples were examined following one hour of administration ofDiethylcarbamazine citrate for LF microfilaria microscopy (Knott’s concentration) and for LF antigen usingimmunochromatographic (ICT) method (Alere filariasis test strip). Of the 420 samples examined, 1.7% was found to bepositive using microscopy while 4.8% were positive using ICT. There was no significant difference in the diagnosis oflymphatic filariasis using microscopy and ICT among participants in the local government areas (χ2= 21.84, p>0.05). Of the214 males and 206 females examined, 4.2% males and 5.3% females tested positive using ICT while 1.4% males and 1.9%females were found positive using microscopy. The difference in the infection between gender was statistically significant(χ2=0.298, p<0.05). Participants aged 21-24 years had the highest prevalence of 19.4% while the least prevalence of 1.5%was observed among age group 9-12years using ICT. Also, no significant difference was observed in the diagnosis of LFamong the age groups (χ2= 19.88, p>0.05). The study showed that LF still remains a public health problem in Cross RiverState. Mass drug administration should be scaled up in the state so as to reduce and finally eradicate the disease. Keywords: Diagnosis, Lymphatic filariasis, Immunochromatography, Microscopy

scholarly journals Concentration of Heavy Metals (Cd, Co, Cr, & Fe) in Soil and Edible Vegetables in Obudu Urban Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Akpe, Michael Akomaye ◽  
Ubua, Placcidus Unimuyi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The soil and edible vegetable samples were collected from Obudu Urban Area of Cross River State and were digested and analyzed for the Cd, Co, Cr, and Fe (heavy metals) concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) in the University of Calabar Laboratory. The eight vegetables considered for the study were Amaranthus spp., Corchorus olitorius, Murraya koenigii, Ocimum grattissimum, Solanum melongena, Talinum triangulare, Telferia occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina. The results showed that the mean concentration of the metal in the soil in mgkg-1 ranged from (0.004-0.0048) and (0.005-0.046) in rainy and dry seasons respectively for Cd, (0.004-0.025) and (0.006-0.016) in rainy and dry season respectively for Cr, and (0.112-0.173) and (0.116-0.151) in rainy and dry season respectively for Fe. The concentration of Co was not detected in the soil or vegetables. The mean concentration accumulated by the vegetables and that present in the soil was in the order: Fe> Cd> Cr> Co. These results suggest that there is no significant difference between the amount of metals in the soil or that accumulated by the vegetables in rainy and dry seasons of the year. Also the amount of metals accumulated by most of the vegetables was directly proportional to the amount present in the soil where they are planted. The bioaccumulation ratios were all less than 1. These results indicate that the concentration of Cd, Co, Cr, & Fe in the soil and vegetables were still low and within the permissible limits of WHO/FAO. Thus, the consumption of the vegetables in the area may not cause any harm for now.

scholarly journals Effect of a supportive-educative nursing intervention programme on knowledge of chlorhexidine gel for umbilical cord management amongst mothers in Cross River State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Easter C. Osuchukwu ◽  
Chinwe F. Ezeruigbo ◽  
Paulina A. Akpan-Idiok ◽  
Ekaette F. Asuquo
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Umbilical cord infection contributes significantly to neonatal mortality rate in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies have shown low knowledge of chlorhexidine (CHX) gel for umbilical cord management amongst mothers in low-resource settings, including Nigeria.Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a supportive-educative nursing intervention programme on knowledge of CHX gel amongst mothers in Cross River State, Nigeria.Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was used, and study participants comprised 168 expectant mothers, who were purposely selected and assigned to randomised control and intervention groups. The instrument for data collection was a researcher-developed structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 for descriptive and inferential statistics at significant level was set at p 0.05.Results: The result showed that at post-test the knowledge score of mothers on CHX gel improved significantly in the intervention group (t 77 = 24.394; p 0.05). The result showed no significant difference between mothers’ demographic variables and knowledge of CHX gel.Conclusion: A supportive-educative nursing intervention programme could effectively improve knowledge of CHX gel for umbilical cord management amongst mothers. This underscores the need to improve mothers’ knowledge of CHX gel by healthcare personnel.

scholarly journals Concentration of Selected Heavy Metals in Soil and Edible Vegetables in Obanliku Urban Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Michael Akomaye Akpe ◽  
Joseph Odey ◽  
John Akwagiobe Agwupuye
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The soil and edible vegetable samples were collected from Obanliku Urban Area of Cross River State and were digested and analyzed for the cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and mercury (Hg) (heavy metals) concentration using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) in Chemistry Laboratory, University of Calabar. The eight vegetables were considered such as Amaranthus spp., Corchorus olitorius, Murraya koenigii, Ocimum grattissimum, Solanum melongena, Talinum triangulare, Telfaira occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina. The results revealed that the mean concentration of the metals in the soil in mgkg-1 ranged from (0.003-0.017) and (0.003-0.015) for Cd, (0.005-0.040) and (0.004-0.038) for Cr, and (0.052-1.541) and (0.050-1.511) for Fe in rainy and dry seasons respectively. Also, the mean concentration of the metals accumulated by the vegetables in mgkg-1 ranged from (0.002-0.010) for Cd, (0.003-0.018) and (0.003-0.016) for Cr, and (0.013-0.175) and (0.013-0.150) for Fe in rainy and dry season respectively. The concentration of Hg was not detected in the soil or vegetables. The mean concentration accumulated by the vegetables and that present in the soil was in the order: Fe > Cr > Cd > Hg. These results showed that there is no significant difference between the amount of metals in the soil or that accumulated by the vegetables in rainy and dry seasons of the year. Also the amount of metals accumulated by most of the vegetables was directly proportional to the amount present in the soil where they are planted. The bioaccumulation ratios and Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) were all less than 1. The results indicate that the concentration of Cd, Cr, Fe & Hg in the soil and vegetables were still low and within the permissible limits of WHO/FAO. Thus, the consumption of the vegetables in the area at the time when this study was carried out may not pose any health risk.

scholarly journals Parental Percetion of the Teaching of Sex Education to Adolescent in Secondary School in Cross River State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Elizabeth G Akpama
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Parental Perception ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ex Post Facto

This study was an ex-post facto research, design to determine parental perception of the teaching of introducing sex education to adolescents in secondary schools in Cross River State, as the area of study. Two null hypotheses were formulated on the basis of the identified major independent variables of nature of parental perception and parental literacy status. A 15-item questionnaire was developed, validated and tested for reliability. It was then administered to 400 respondents (parents–200 male, 200 female) from 20 churches in the entire state (7 churches from central, 7 from south and 6 from north senatorial districts). The sample was selected by stratified cluster and simple random procedure. Data was analysed using the independent t-test. Results revealed that parental perception of the teaching of sex education to adolescents in secondary schools is significantly negative; no significant difference exists between literate and illiterate parents in their perception of the teaching of sex education to adolescents in secondary schools. It was concluded that parental perception of the teaching of sex education to adolescents in secondary schools is generally negative in Cross River State. Some recommendations were enhanced as the way forward. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10714   Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 134-145

scholarly journals Cobalamin, Folate and Pyridoxal 5- Phosphate Level of Smokers in Calabar Cross River State

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 15s-15s
Author(s):  
I. Okafor ◽  
G. Uzoma ◽  
L. Nvani
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Phosphate Level ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Smoking among individuals remains a major health problem worldwide as it is associated with certain disease conditions and decrease in concentration of several vitamins. Aim: This study was aimed at providing information on cobalamin, folate and pyridoxal 5-phosphate levels of male cigarette smokers within Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Methods: Ninety adult male subjects participated in the study with 60 as cigarette smokers and 30 as nonsmokers. Serum cobalamin and folate levels were estimated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique while packed cell volume was estimated using microhematocrit method. Vitamin B6 status was determined using fasting plasma concentrations of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate. Plasma PLP was measured by quantification of its semicarbazide derivative using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Results: Results show that male cigarette smokers had significantly higher packed cell volume ( P = 0.014) and serum cobalamin ( P = 0.005) and there was no significant difference in folate level of cigarette smokers ( P = 0.375) when compared with noncigarette smokers. Pyridoxal 5-phosphate was found to be significantly higher ( P = 0.00) in nonsmokers when compared with smokers. It was also shown that duration of smoking does not have significant effect on the serum level of cobalamin (0.09), folate ( P = 0.06) and pyridoxal 5-phosphate (0.15) respectively. The result also show that there was no significant correlation ( P = 0.095, 0.085 and 0.197) between number of sticks smoked per day and serum cobalamin, folate and pyridoxal 5-phosphate level of male cigarette smokers respectively. Conclusion: While smoking is known to have hazardous effect on health, this study has shown that smoking and duration of smoking does not affect serum cobalamin, folate and pyridoxal 5-phosphate level of male cigarette smokers living within Calabar Cross River State, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Biochemical Composition of the Flesh of Egeria radiata (Bivalvia: Donacidae) and Crassotrea rhizophorea (Perecypode: Lameillebrachia) of the Cross River State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Opeh, Patience Bassey
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

The food and mineral contents of flesh of the two bivalve species (Egeria radiata and Crassostrea rhizophorea) of Cross river, Nigeria were investigated. The study revealed that the moisture content of E. radiata and C. rhizophorea was 52.46% and 54.01%, crude protein was 24.37% and 20.49%, fat was 9.03% and14.22%, crude fibre was 0.01% and 1.30%, ash was 1.43% and 9.05%, carbohydrate was 12.7% and 2.23% and energy was 229.58J and 218.84J. The mineral content of E. radiata and C. rhizophorea  showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in Ca+, Na+, K, Mg, while the Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe, P and Mn were similar (P>0.05). Based on the findings of this study, biochemical profile of E. radiata is high in nutrients and is suitable for human consumption. Therefore, concerted efforts should be made to enlighten the populace on the increased nutritional benefits of consuming E. radiata.

scholarly journals Carrier rate of salmonellas in sheep and goats and its public health significance

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
S. P. Saxena ◽  
B. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Public Health Significance ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes

SUMMARYTo find out the salmonella carrier rate, 1980 samples comprising faeces, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen were collected from 812 sheep and 683 goats slaughtered for food. In all 72 salmonella strains from 51 animals (25 sheep and 26 goats) were isolated. These represented 22 salmonella serotypes. The public health significance of these findings is discussed.

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