scholarly journals Efficacy of tobacco extract and Flumethrin Pour-on against cattle tick, Amblyomma variegatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
A. K. Fajimi ◽  
T. O. Dauda ◽  
A. A. Taiwo ◽  
F. T. Ajayi ◽  
K. O. Soetan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Tobacco Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Face ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tobacco Extract

The comparative efficacies of topical tobacco extract and flumethrin pour -on against the cattle tick Amblyomma variegatum was evaluated. Thirty Ndama cattle were divided into three treatment groups often animals per group viz: Flumethrin treatment group ; Tobacco treatment group 2 and the untreated control group 3, in a completely randomized design. Ticks were counted visually and by palpation of affected areas at 0.7, 21, 28 and 35-day period. Backline application of flumethrin was from the pole to the base of the tail according to manufacturer's instruction while application of tobacco was through the aid of cotton wool soaked in liquid tobacco extract. The flumethrin pour-on produced a significant reduction in tick count by the 21" day reaching as high as 100 %( 43.33 and 0) while the tobacco extract produced comparable result at a longer time of 35 days (46.22 and 0). The tobacco extract however maintained the protection against Amblyomma variegatum in the face of continuous challenge by injective tick larvae up until the 64" day post challenge. Significant re-infestation of ticks could be seen however in the flumethrin count 40 day post challenge. This confirmed the efficacy of tobacco in protecting cattle against tick, Amblyomma variegatum. 

scholarly journals PENGARUH POLISAKARIDA KRESTIN DARI EKSTRAK JAMUR Coriolus versicolor TERHADAP PROFIL PROTEIN TERSTIKULER DAN KADAR TESTOSTERON Mus musculus

el–Hayah ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih ◽  
Virid Gibson ◽  
Alfiah Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<em>The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of polysaccharide krestin</em> (<em>PSK) </em><em>on the testicular protein profiles and testosterone levels of Mus musculus with variety of dosages. This research used a completely randomized design. It were devide into four treatment group i.e. control group, PSK treatment at a dose of  15, 30, 60 mg/kgBW. Each group had six replications. Testicular proteins were isolated by flushing technique and analized by SDS-PAGE. Testosterone levels were analized using ELISA technique at wavelength 450 nm. Protein bands analysis showed that there were no diversification between four treatments. Molecular weight of protein bands were 87, 63, 57, 35, and 30 kDa. The results of research showed that the testosterone levels at dosage 60 mg/kgBW had significanly different with control, PSK treatment of 15 and 30 mg/kgBW. PSK treatment of  60 mg/kgBW had lowest level at dosage, i.e. 25946.8 ρg/mL. It can be concluded that giving variety of dosages of polysaccharide krestin did not affect to testicular protein profiles but giving effect to testosterone levels of Mus musculus.</em>

scholarly journals The Effects of Vibration and Pressure Treatments in the Early Postoperative Period of Rhinoplasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman Taş
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Vibration Treatment ◽  
The Face ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Nasal Cast

Abstract Background The early postoperative period can be distressing for the patients undergoing rhinoplasty since edema and ecchymosis are common complications. Objectives To analyze the effects of the vibration and pressure treatments in the early postoperative period of rhinoplasty. Methods Sixty patients, who had undergone rhinoplasty, were randomized into 3 groups: group 1 (control group, n = 20) received classic nasal casting, group 2 (n = 20) received nasal cast with an elastic bandage to hold it on the face, and group 3 (n = 20) received vibration treatment in addition to that in group 2 following the rhinoplasty. They were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 3 and 7 days in a prospective study. The postoperative edema and ecchymosis were scored by 2 independent surgeons. The postoperative pain was measured using the visual analog scale, and the necessity of anti-inflammatory medication (and the dose needed) and the cast comfort was questioned. The sebaceous activity of the nose skin was examined. A preoperative and postoperative seventh day sonographic study was performed to evaluate the tissue edema objectively. Results The pressure treatment decreased the edema and ecchymosis significantly compared with the control group. The vibration treatment minimized edema, ecchymosis, sebaceous activity of the nose skin, pain score, and the need for anti-inflammatory medication, and increased the cast comfort significantly compared with the other groups (P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions Rapid regression of edema and ecchymosis may be achieved using the vibrating nasal cast technique that may minimize patient discomfort, pain, and sebaceous activity following rhinoplasty. Level of Evidence: 1

scholarly journals The Influence of Giving Tempe Flour Toward the Amount and Morphology of White Male Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Erythrocytes Wistar Strain was Affected by Cigarette Smoke

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
I Made Subhawa Harsa
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Group 2

Abstract: Cigarette smoke was one of free radicals source for the body. Free radical contain in cigarette smoke were hydroxide radicals (•OH). Hydroxide radicals would cause erythrocytes damage. Antioxidants were substances that can prevent free radicals. Now, natural antioxidants source has developed, one of that is tempe, because of it contained antioxidants substances such as carotene, Vitamin E, isoflavon, and factor II antioxidants. This resource was for knowing the influence of giving tempe flour toward the amount and morphology of white male rat (Rattus norvegicus) erythrocytes wistar strain was affected by cigarette smoke. A pure experiment which was used the post test only-control group design method. Sample of the resource was white male rat wistar strain aged of 3-4 month as much 30 rats by the weight around 180-220 gram. The samples divided into 3 groups that were control group (K1), treatment group 1 (K2), and treatment group 2 (K3), each group consists of 10 rats. Control group was not given a special treatment, it only got a standard feed, treatment group 1 got special treatment and it was affected by cigarette smoke, furthermore, treatment group 2 got standard feed, it was affected by cigarette smoke and tempe. Analysis of data used one way anova experiment. The test showed the significance P-value = 0,036 that was <α (0,05). The result showed that there was the influence of giving tempe flour toward the amount and morphology of white male rat (Rattus norvegicus) erythrocytes wistar strain was affected by cigarette smoke. Keywords: cigarette smoke, free radicals, erythrocytes, antioxidants, tempe

scholarly journals Efek Abelmoschus esculentus terhadap Glukosa Darah, Superoksida Dismutase, dan Malondialdehid Rattus norvegicus Diabetes Melitus dengan Induksi Streptozotocin

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Olivia Herliani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Group 2

In diabetes mellitus there is an increase in oxidative stress in which oxidants exceed the antioxidant system resulting from the production of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and/or limited antioxidant defenses. Abelmoschus esculentus (“okra”) is known as lowering blood glucose vegetable by Indonesian. A. esculentus has a high antioxidant activity that can: 1) lower H2O2 level; 2) decrease the amount of ROS; 3) lower •OH level. This study tried to prove that administration of A. esculentus may decrease fasting blood glucose, serum malondialdehyde, and increase superoxide dismutase activity of diabetic male white rats. This research is a pure experimental research, with randomized post test only control group designs, held in 28 days. Thirty one rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: KN = normal control group given 0.1% Na-CMC solution; KDM = DM control group injected with STZ, followed by 0.1% Na-CMC solution; P1 = treatment group 1 injected with STZ, followed by administration of A. esculentus at a dose of 775 mg/kgBW/day; P2 = treatment group 2 injected with STZ, followed by administration of A. esculentus at a dose of 1550 mg/kgBW/day. The result: administration of A. esculentus at doses of 775 mg/kgBW/day and 1550 mg/kgBW/day can not decrease fasting blood glucose and MDA serum level of diabetic male white rats. Giving A. esculentus at a dose of 1550 mg/kgBW/day may increase the activity of SOD erythrocytes of diabetic male white rats.. Conclusions: A. esculentus has the potential to lower blood glucose and MDA serum levels, also increase erythrocyte SOD activity.

scholarly journals Clinico-haematological effect of selected NSAID in the treatment of experimentally produced myositis in goat

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Aktaruzzaman ◽  
J Alam ◽  
A Rahman ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

The present study was performed in the Department of Medicine and in Veterinary clinic of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh from January to June 2002. Myositis was produced experimentally by injecting oil of turpentine in the gluteal muscles of 4 goats of which 2 goats were given treatment with Diclofenac sodium @1mg/kg body weight (treatment group) for consecutive 3 days and remaining 2 goats were reared as control without giving treatment (control group). All the goats were observed for 7 days. Myositis was characterized by reduced appetite, increased body temperature (1-2°F), lameness, local swelling and cellular changes in blood level. The appetite in both groups reduced sharply from 1st day of myositis and improved from day 2 and became normal on 3rd day after treatment. Body temperature reduced to normal level from 2nd day after administration of diclofenac sodium but in control group, it came down in the same condition from 4th day onward. Moderate lameness was observed in all the goats of both groups. In treatment group lameness reduced completely in 100% goats after 2 consecutive days of treatment but in control group similar result was observed on day 6. Moderate local swelling was reduced to normal level in treatment group 2 days post treatment remain moderate in control group. Total leukocyte count (TLC) was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in both groups in myositic condition than in healthy condition and it came down to normal level in treatment group 3 days post treatment and in control group it remained higher. Similar changes were observed in Neutrophil count. The number of lymphocyte was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in myositic condition than in healthy ones which again reached to normal level within 3 days of treatment. Key words: Myositis, goat, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1345 Bangl.  J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 99-102

The Inhibitory Ability of Orobanche Extract on Calcium Oxalate Lithiasis in Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Kamal ◽  
M. S. Taha
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

The present study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Orobanche extract in ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasis. Thirty male albino rats were divided into five groups each group contains 6 animals, group (1) control group, group (2) animals were supplied with 0.75% ethylene glycol in drinking water, group (3) animals were administrated Orobanche extract 3g/kg orally, group (4) animals were administrated Cystone 500 mg/kg in addition to 0.75% ethylene glycol, group (5) animals were administrated Orobanche extract 3g/kg orally in addition to 0.75% ethylene glycol the experiment continued for 28 days. Serum and the kidney homogenates were analyzed for various biochemical parameters and urine was examined microscopically for crystals. Orobanche treatment group and Cystone treatment group significantly decreased phosphorus, Calcium and Oxalate in kidney tissue of nephrolithiasis rats and significantly decreased kidney and liver marker in serum of nephrolithiasis rats. Conclusion this result revealed that Orobanche extract could be a potential candidate for phytotherapy against nephrolithiasis.

scholarly journals Aeromonas hydrophila in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after the intake of aflatoxins

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Teixeira Leal de Oliveira ◽  
Gisele Veneroni-Gouveia ◽  
Janio Morais Santurio ◽  
Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact

The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of the intake of aflatoxin on the development of tilapia and to evaluate the impact of inoculation with Aeromonas hydrophila on performance parameters, so these two individual tests were performed. One hundred and twenty fingerlings aged 35 days old, with mean weight of 1.55 ± 0.005 g and mean length of 5 cm were used in each test, distributed in 20 tanks. Each experimental unit consisted of a 60 L tank with six fingerlings. In the first experiment, increasing levels of aflatoxin (0.350, 0.757, 1.177 mg.kg feed-1) were used as treatments and, for the control group, a diet without aflatoxin was used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates. In the second experiment, a control group of Nile tilapia fingerlings was used and received a diet without aflatoxin, inoculated with saline solution (group 1) and Aeromonas hydrophila (group 2), as well as groups of animals fed on diets containing 0.350 mg.kg feed-1 of aflatoxin (group 3), 0.757 mg.kg feed-1 of aflatoxin (group 4) and 1.177 mg.kg feed-1 of aflatoxin (group 5), and these groups were inoculated with Aeromonas hydrophila. The survival rate and the total length of fingerlings were influenced by the treatments (p < 0.05). The synergistic action of aflatoxins and Aeromonas hydrophila was effective and caused the death of experimental fish, thus affecting feed conversion and length.

scholarly journals A field trial evaluation of the prophylactic efficacy of amitraz-impregnated collars against canine babesiosis (Babesia canis rossi) in South Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Last ◽  
J.D. Hill ◽  
P.T. Matjila ◽  
C.A. Reme
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

South African canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis rossi is a common clinical disease in dogs in South Africa and remains a significant cause of domestic dog mortality. To determine whether tick-repellent, 9% amitraz-impregnated tick collars (Preventic-Virbac) could prevent tick-borne exposure to B. canis rossi, 50 dogs were assigned to two groups. Group 1 (20 dogs), polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- and reverse line blot (RLB)-negative for B. canis rossi, were fitted with amitraz collars and blood samples collected monthly , over a 6-month period, and analysed for B. canis rossi. Group 2 (30 dogs) included 5 dogs selected on a month-by-month basis from a population of dogs from the same geographical area as the group 1 dogs, but with no history of previous tick control, which were blood-sampled together with the treatment group and analysed for B. canis rossi by PCR and RLB, to serve as the control group. Eight of the 30 control dogs (26.6 %) were PCR / RLB positive for B. canis rossi, indicating high pathogen exposure during the trial period. All twenty of the treatment group dogs remained negative for B. canis rossi throughout the 6 months of the trial. These results suggest that the use of amitraz-impregnated collars had a significant effect on reducing infection with B. canis rossi.

scholarly journals Novel sunprotection interventions to prevent skin cancer: A randomized study targeting Danes going on vacation to destinations with high UV index

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244597
Author(s):  
Brian Køster ◽  
Mia N. Nielsen ◽  
Karina Kreipke Vester ◽  
Peter Dalum
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Group 2

Background In Denmark, 16,500 cases of melanoma and keratinocyte cancers were registered in 2015, of which 90% could have been avoided by behavioral changes. We aimed to test novel interventions in a randomized design. The interventions targeted Danes going on vacation to high UVI destinations aiming to decrease sunburn by increasing use of sun protection to prevent skin cancer in the Danish population. Methods We report a randomized behavioral intervention during May-Dec 2018 with 1548 Danish adults on vacation in 2018 for a period of 1–3 weeks. The study population was population-based and aged 18–65 years. We tested two protection routines against minimal intervention control group (2-by2-factorial design): 1) Avoidance of the sun during peak hours and shade, use of the UV-index and planning of indoor/outdoor activity respectively and, 2) Coverage by increasing use of the hat advice and increasing sunscreen amount by application routine. Outcome was use of protection and sunburn. Results There were no differences in sunburn prevalence between intervention and control groups. Protection routine 1 and 2 both increased the overall protection score compared to non-users. Protection routine 1 increased the reported use of shade and decreased time exposed in the sun. Protection routine 2 increased the use of hat and sunscreen amount. Conclusion Simple measures can help avoid the majority of one of the most widespread cancers worldwide. Vacations to high UVI destinations is a major influence on the annual Danish UV-exposure. We influenced travelers to protect themselves better and to increase sun protection behavior.

scholarly journals Reproductive Toxicity and Biomarker Response to a Daily Dose of Tramadol in Male Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
E. Oriakpono, Obemeata ◽  
M. Ajah, Ogechi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of a daily dose of tramadol on selected biomarkers viz: haematological parameters, sperm count, kidney and liver damage in male albino rats. Twenty four wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups: control group and treated groups, the treated group were further divided into four groups and housed in cages. Clean drinking water was served to control (group 1), and 1.6 mg/kg bodyweight of tramadol was administered to group 2 (7 days treatment), group 3 (14 days treatment), group 4 (21 days treatment) and group 5 (21 days treatment +7 days withdrawal) in addition to a daily standard diet for all groups. Treatment of rats with tramadol caused significant decrease (P<0.05) in WBC, platelet and lymph. in group 2, on bicarbonate, AST and protein, it showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in group 3, and it showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in group 5 on Cl-, AST, ALT, bicarbonate, AST, PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC, platelet, lymphocytes and sperm count. The results indicates that tramadol has negative effects on the liver which may induce severe liver damage when used for a prolonged period, the results also shows that tramadol can cause anaemia as seen by the observed negative changes in the blood parameters evaluated. Therefore, administration should be with great caution and from a licensed pharmacist or doctor while self prescription or over the counter administration should be avoided considering the associated adverse effects.

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