DEVELOPMENT OF MICROCYCLES AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN THE TRAINING PROCESS OF 13-14 YEARS OLD SOCCER PLAYERS AT THE SPECIAL PREPARATORY STAGE OF PRE-SEASON

AbstractPurpose. Players’ tactical skills are crucial for a successful, high-standard career in soccer. Although recent studies propose and apply the analysis of young players’ tactical skills through the understanding of their knowledge about tactical principles, no research has compared the development of these specific tactical skills throughout a soccer specific season in different youth academies. This article aimed to compare the development of tactical skills in U-14 and U-15 soccer players throughout a season. Methods. The tactical skills of 30 athletes (16 U-15 and 14 U-14) of a sports club were evaluated during 10 months with the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer (FUT-SAT). The incidence of tactical principles and the percentage of successful principles in offense and defence were compared with the use of a two-way ANOVA (category × time). Results. Reduction was observed in the incidence of actions of offensive unity in the U-15 athletes throughout the season and a higher incidence of offensive coverage compared with U-14. Moreover, U-15 athletes increased their percentage of successful actions, both offensive and defensive, and presented a higher performance than U-14 players. Conclusions. Tactical performance of U-15 soccer athletes increases over a sports season, which is not observed in the U-14 category, although players from both groups presented changes in the incidence of offensive and defensive tactical principles. This supports the non-linearity of tactical skills acquisition and development in soccer, as well as justifies the need of constant assessment during the training process across the ages.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF THE IMMUNE STATUS OF YOUNG HOCKEY PLAYERS PUBERTY

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2021-23-6-114-121 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 114-121

Author(s):

Simonova N.А. ◽

Petrushkina N.P. ◽

Zhukovskaya E.V. ◽

Kolomiets O.I.

Keyword(s):

Reference Values ◽

Immune Status ◽

Training Period ◽

Training Process ◽

Age Norms ◽

Immune Profile ◽

Hockey Players ◽

Specific Proteins ◽

Preparatory Stage ◽

The Impact

Relevance. In modern publications, sufficient attention is paid to the study of the cellular composition of peripheral blood and the immune status of athletes. These studies are carried out at various stages of the training process in order to establish a connection between the registered changes and the nature and severity of muscle loads. The available literature data mainly relate to the indicators of the immunity of adult athletes involved in various sports, recorded at various stages of training and characterizing the adaptation to muscular load. The state of the immune system largely determines the success of a sports career in modern sports. Aim of the study: to assess the immune profile (cellular and humoral link) of pubertal hockey players at the beginning of the preparatory stage of the training period. Materials and methods. To assess the immune profile (cellular and humoral link) of pubertal hockey players at the beginning of the preparatory stage of the training period, the relative and absolute content of lymphocytes was studied by the method of immunophenotyping with the determination of their subpopulation composition (CD3 +, CD3 + CD4 +, CD3 + CD8 +; CD3- CD16 + CD56 +, CD19 +, CD4 + / CD8 +), and by turbidimetry - specific proteins (immunoglobulins A, G, M). Results. The obtained values of the studied indicators did not differ from those of adolescents who do not go in for sports, and generally fit into the age norms. Isolated cases of deviations are associated with the characteristics of the morbidity of the examined adolescents. The recorded immune profile of athletes will be used as reference values during the continuation of the study (at the end of the pre-competition and post-competition periods), the purpose of which is to monitor the impact of the training process on the immunity of athletes of puberty. The obtained values of the studied indicators do not differ from those in the control and, fit into the age norms. In conclusion, the authors come to the conclusion that it is possible to use the recorded immune profile of athletes as reference values during the continuation of the study (at the end of the preparatory stage and at the end of the competitive period), the purpose of which will be to assess the impact of the training process on the immunity of athletes of puberty.

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Does Early Recruitment Predict Greater Physical Performance in Academy Soccer Players?

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports6040108 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maxime Hertzog ◽

Darren Paul ◽

George Nassis ◽

Joao Silva

Keyword(s):

Performance Improvement ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Time Analysis ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Training Process ◽

Academy Training ◽

Early Recruitment

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate whether recruitment status influences neuromuscular and endurance performances in academy soccer players over a 2-year training period (from Under-16 to Under-18). Thirty-seven male soccer players from an elite academy were selected and divided in two cohorts according to their recruitment status: Early Recruitment group (ER; n = 16), training and competing for the academy since Under-14 and Under-15 age groups, and; Late Recruitment group (LR; n = 21) included in the academy training process at Under-16. Squat (SJ) and countermovement jump with (CMJwA) and without arms swing (CMJ), 10-m sprint time, and Vam-Eval test (MAV) were performed in three successive occasions always pre-season (Under-16, Under-17 and Under-18 age groups, T1, T2, and T3 respectively). A two-way (recruitment status × time) analysis of variance with repeated measurements was performed as well as the magnitude of difference using both effect size and magnitude-based inferences. There was no difference between ER and LR for MAV, 10 m-sprint, and SJ from T1 to T3. However, LR players presented non-significant small and possibly greater improvement in CMJ (ES = 0.4) and CMJwA (ES = 0.4) than ER players at T2. These data indicate that early recruitment is not likely to result in greater physical performance improvement at the age of 18.

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The Effectiveness of the Triangle Run Exercise Method in Improving Aerobic Resistance Soccer Player

JUARA Jurnal Olahraga ◽

10.33222/juara.v6i1.1180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Riyan Hardinata ◽

Uray Gustian ◽

Rahmat Putra Perdana

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Training Program ◽

Soccer Player ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Wide Field ◽

Training Methods ◽

Training Method ◽

Training Process ◽

Long Duration ◽

Effective Training

The characteristics of soccer which have a wide field and also a long duration of play require soccer players to have high aerobic endurance. Good aerobic endurance should be owned by every player in order to support a performance at the time of the field. There are so many exercises that can be used to increase endurance, but there is no reference for effective and efficient training methods for developing aerobic endurance. This study aims to test appropriate and effective training methods to increase endurance. The experimental design was carried out by providing a triangle run training method through walking, jogging and sprinting activities. The research was tried out on the Mensere BMC club, amounting to fifteen people. The results showed an increase in the aerobic endurance of soccer players. The increase occurred because the triangle run training method provided had similar activities in soccer, namely walking, jogging and sprinting, which made players happy and the training process, training program and appropriate training methods were possible, so that there could be improvements. The conclusion is that the triangle run training method can increase the endurance of soccer players.

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Changes in jump and sprint performances during 14 preseasons in a Spanish reserve elite soccer team

Kinesiology ◽

10.26582/k.52.2.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 224-231

Author(s):

Asier Los Arcos ◽

Raúl Martínez-Santos ◽

Filipe M. Clemente ◽

Daniel Castillo

Keyword(s):

Effect Size ◽

Performance Level ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Training Process ◽

Strength And Conditioning ◽

Young Professional ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Soccer Team ◽

Jump Ability

The aim of this study was to assess the changes in jump and sprint performances after the preseason period across 14 seasons depending on the initial performance level and the playing position in young professional soccer players. In total, 162 soccer players (age = 20.6 ± 1.8 years) belonging to the same reserve team of a Spanish La Liga club participated in this study. Countermovement jump (CMJ) and 5 and 15 m sprints were assessed in each season at the start of the preseason (July), Test 1 (T1), and the start of the competitive period (September), Test 2 (T2), from the 1998 to 2013 seasons. Considering all seasons, a trivial change was found in the sprint (5 m, Effect Size [ES] = −0.01; ±0.11, most-likely; and 15 m, ES = 0.05; ±0.09, most-likely) and countermovement jump (CMJ) performances (ES = −0.03; ±0.07; most-likely) after the preseason, but this varied across the seasons. While the fastest players in 5 m and 15 m tests and the most powerful worsened their performances in sprinting capacity (ES = 0.53–0.65, small very-likely) and in jump ability (ES = −0.54; ±0.25, small very-likely), respectively, the slowest players and the less powerful improved their performance likely/most-likely (ES = −0.33 and −0.68, small and moderate) and very-likely (ES = 0.40; ±0.20, small) after the precompetitive period. The changes in CMJ and sprinting were trivial and trivial/small for all tactical positions. The changes in neuromuscular performance after the preseason were not stable across the seasons and varied depending on the initial performance level. Individualization strategies should be considered in the design of strength and conditioning programs in order to optimize the training process.

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Possibilidades e potencialidades técnico-táticas em diferentes tradicionais jogos/brincadeiras de bola com os pés (Technical-tactics possibilities and potentialities in different traditional ball games played with feet) (Posibilidades y potencialidades

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i39.79350 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 312-317

Author(s):

Alcides José Scaglia ◽

Vitor Hugo Silva Costa ◽

João Bosco Júnior ◽

Milton Shoiti Misuta ◽

João Cláudio Machado

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Training Process ◽

Organizational Process ◽

Organization Process ◽

Brazilian Culture ◽

And Training ◽

Estudiantes Universitarios

Resumo. O estudo tem como objetivo investigar as possibilidades e diferentes potencialidades dos jogos que compõem a cultura tradicional brasileira de brincadeiras de bola com os pés. Participaram do estudo 28 futebolistas, sendo 14 crianças (Grupo 01: 9,7±1,2 anos) e 14 universitários (Grupo 02: 21,1±1,7 anos). Os jogadores participaram de três jogos/brincadeiras de bola com os pés (Rebatida, Bobinho e Artilheiro). O desempenho dos jogadores foi analisado através do software Dvideow®, que registrou as ações técnico-táticas realizadas por ambos grupos. Foi possível constatar que cada um dos jogos/brincadeiras de bola com os pés investigados, em meio ao seu processo de organização, apresentam as mesmas possibilidades técnico-táticas, independentemente do grupo a jogar, ao mesmo tempo em que estes díspares jogos proporcionaram diferentes potencialidades técnico-táticas. Portanto, o entendimento do processo de organizacional sistêmico dos jogos/brincadeiras de bola com os pés demonstra ser conhecimento fundamental para o treinador planejar e conduzir sessões de treino representativas e desafiadoras. O conhecimento sobre as possibilidades e potencialidades dos diversos jogos/brincadeiras de bola com os pés, pertencentes à cultura do nosso futebol de rua, permitem aos treinadores implementar e acompanhar um processo de ensino centrado no aluno, pautado no jogo e inspirado na pedagogia da rua. Abstract. This study aimed to investigate the possibilities and potentialities of different games which compose the traditional Brazilian culture of playing ball games with feet, highlighting its systemic organizational process. Twenty-eight male soccer players participated in the study, being 14 children (Group 01: 9,7±1,2 years) and 14 university students (Group 02: 21,1±1,7 years). The players performed three games played with their feet (Rebatida, Bobinho and Artilheiro). The players' performance was analyzed using the Dvideow® software, which recorded the technical-tactical actions performed by both groups. It was possible to highlight that each of the game investigated, respecting their own organization process, presented the same technical-tactical possibilities, regardless of the group of players, at the same time that these disparate games provided different technical-tactical potentialities. Therefore, understanding the systemic organizational process of ball games played with the feet proves to be extremely important for coaches' better plan and conduct representative and challenging training sessions. The knowledge about the possibilities and potentialities of several small games, belonging to the culture of our street football, allow coaches to implement and monitor a player-centered and game-based teaching and training process, inspired by street pedagogy. Resumen. El estudio tiene como objetivo investigar las posibilidades y el potencial de los diferentes juegos que conforman la cultura tradicional brasileña de jugar a la pelota con los pies, destacando su proceso organizativo sistémico. Participaron en el estudio 28 jugadores de fútbol, siendo 14 niños (Grupo 01: 9,7±1,2 años) y 14 estudiantes universitarios (Grupo 02: 21,1±1,7 years). Los jugadores participaron en tres juegos de pelota con los pies (Rebatida, Rondo and Artilheiro). El rendimiento de los jugadores se analizó utilizando el software Dvideow®, que registró las acciones técnico-tácticas realizadas por ambos grupos. Fue posible verificar que cada uno de los juegos investigados, en el medio de su proceso de organización, presenta las mismas posibilidades técnico-tácticas, independientemente del grupo de jugadores, al mismo tiempo que estos juegos dispares proporcionaban diferentes potencialidades técnico-tácticas. Por lo tanto, la comprensión del proceso organizativo sistémico de los juegos de pelota con los pies demuestra ser un conocimiento fundamental para que el entrenador planifique y realice sesiones de entrenamiento representativas y desafiantes. El conocimiento sobre las posibilidades y el potencial de los diversos juegos de pelota con los pies, pertenecientes a la cultura de nuestro fútbol callejero, permiten a los entrenadores implementar y monitorear un proceso de enseñanza centrado en el alumno, basado en el juego e inspirado en la pedagogía callejera.

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Exploring key competencies sought to potentialize tactical behavior in soccer players.

Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior ◽

10.20338/bjmb.v14i5.199 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 157-166

Author(s):

Gregory Hallé Petiot ◽

Davi Silva ◽

Lucas Ometto

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Competitive Advantage ◽

Team Sports ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Cognitive Mechanisms ◽

Training Process ◽

University Library ◽

Key Competencies ◽

Teaching Learning ◽

The Way

BACKGROUND: Soccer is part of the team sports games category and is characterized by the cooperation and opposition interactions between players in the same space of play and time. Thus, players must adequately decide what action to perform despite the unpredictable, random, and varying nature of the environment of play. AIM: This paper explores tactical competencies that can be appreciated in the way players play and their functioning. METHOD: The argumentation is structured over a review of sixty articles in five languages, selected from the results in an online university library with topic-related keywords. The selected papers were analyzed to identify the most frequently reported concepts related to (i) tactics and action in the play; (ii) decision-making and associated cognitive mechanisms and skills; and (iii) the teaching-learning-training process. RESULTS: The results of this review sum the three following competencies: tactical intelligence, creativity, and co-adaptability. We argue that these competencies can be built through the play's practice and that coaches should seek to use them to the advantage of player’s development. Small-sided and conditioned games reflect a compatible opportunity to nurture the competencies as long as they are configured to solicit the competencies in an environment that promotes them. CONCLUSION: Tactical intelligence, creativity, and co-adaptability can be appreciated in the tactical behavior shown by performing players. For the same reason, those also should constitute more of the player’s development curriculum, therefore leading to players who have a competitive advantage.

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The Influence of Continuous and Interval Aerobic Training on the Oxidative Status of Woman Basketball Players

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research ◽

10.2478/sjecr-2018-0020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bojana Maric

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

The Body ◽

Training Process ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Enzyme Protection ◽

Preparatory Stage ◽

The One

ABSTRACT Oxidative stress is a state of disturbed balance between reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species on the one hand and on the other antioxidant protection. Increased oxygen consumption during exercise could be the cause of oxidative stress. Th e aim of this study was to monitoring the parameters of oxidative stress and components of antioxidative defense during the training process, establish oxidative status basketball players in standby mode after the load caused by two types of aerobic training - continuous aerobic and interval (HIIT) training. As part of a longitudinal experimental study selected a sample of 12 basketball players during the training process. All respondents were female, age 14 to 27 years. Th e study was conducted in preparatory stage. Oxidative status was determined through the index of lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS), nitric oxide (NO) in the form of nitrite (NO2) levels of superoxide anion radicals (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while the activity of the enzyme protection from oxidative damage was determined through superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduction glutathione (GSH). Th e group analyzed in relation to the type of the training intervention was signifi cantly diff erent from the results in the test in the parameters of NO and TBARS. When the enzyme activity of protection against oxidative damage statistically signifi cant diff erences between groups arise for CAT and GSH. Th e emergence of oxidative stress is not necessary phenomenon of high aerobic training load, training leads to the maintenance of physiological balance in the body.

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Entrenamiento y confiabilidad entre observadores en el análisis del fútbol para ciegos (Reliability and inter-coders training in the analysis of football for blind persons)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i34.55651 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 155-161

Author(s):

José Martín Gamonales Puerto ◽

Jesús Muñoz Jiménez ◽

Kiko León Guzmán ◽

Sergio José Ibáñez Godoy

Keyword(s):

Reliability Evaluation ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Training Process ◽

Observational Analysis ◽

Formation Stage ◽

Training Stage ◽

Preparatory Stage ◽

Blind Persons ◽

Selection Stage ◽

Adequate Reliability

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el proceso de entrenamiento y evaluación de la fiabilidad inter-observador de los codificadores participantes en un estudio sobre el análisis en fútbol a 5 para personas ciegas. Se trata de un estudio instrumental donde cinco observadores seleccionados codificaron las distintas acciones técnicas desarrolladas durante los lanzamientos a portería. Para ello se empleó un proceso de entrenamiento de codificadores con el fin de asegurar una adecuada fiabilidad de los datos, dividido en cuatro etapas: etapa preparatoria; etapa de selección de los codificadores; etapa de formación de los observadores; y etapa de confiabilidad. Durante la etapa formación de los codificadores, la fiabilidad se calculó a través de la prueba Multirather Kappa Free. Los resultados del proceso de entrenamiento muestran una mejora en cada variable y total de la concordancia entre los codificadores. Los datos obtenidos por los codificadores muestran niveles sustanciales de validez y fiabilidad, y por tanto pueden ser aplicados en la investigación sobre el análisis observacional del fútbol a 5 para personas ciegas. Abstract. The aim of this work is to describe the process of coders training and reliability evaluation in the analysis of football 5-a-side for blind persons. This research is instrumental, with five selected observers codifying different technical actions during shots on goal. A coders training process was developed in order to ensure the adequate reliability of data, and divided into four stages: preparatory stage; coders’ selection stage; coders’ formation stage; and reliability stage. During the training stage of the encoders, reliability was calculated through Multirather Kappa Free tests. The results of the training process show an improvement of the agreement between coders in each variable and overall. The data obtained by coders show substantial levels of validity and reliability, and therefore can be applied in research focusing on observational analysis of 5-a-side football for blind persons.

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Spanish Elite Soccer Reserve Team Configuration and the Impact of Physical Fitness Performance

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2019-0085 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 211-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Asier Los Arcos ◽

Raúl Martínez-Santos ◽

Daniel Castillo

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Training Process ◽

Youth Soccer ◽

Fitness Tests ◽

Soccer Team ◽

The Impact ◽

Selection Of

AbstractThe aim of this study was threefold: 1) to assess the configuration of an elite reserve soccer team, 2) to compare physical fitness performance of promoted and new players according to the playing position, and 3) to analyze the level of competitive participation attained by these players. We considered physical fitness tests (5 m and 15 m sprint, countermovement jump [CMJ] and aerobic endurance) performed by 192 players (age = 20.2 ± 2.3 years) enrolled in the reserve team of a Spanish La Liga club from 1994 to 2013. The players were classified according to the previous club criterion (promoted from the soccer academy and new players signed from other clubs), b) their playing position, and c) the competitive level attained until the 2016/2017 season (Spanish 1st and 2nd Divisions and the remaining competition levels). The proportion of promoted and new players was similar (p = 0.47). Overall, no substantial differences (unclear-small) were found in physical fitness performance between promoted and new players. Considering the playing position, promoted lateral defenders (LDs) showed better sprinting (ES = moderate) and CMJ (ES = moderate) performance than new LDs. In addition, promoted central midfielders (CMs) demonstrated better performance in the 5 m sprint and the CMJ (ES = moderate) than new CMs. The percentage of players who later competed in the Spanish 1st and 2nd Divisions was greater in promoted players compared to new players (p = 0.006). Physical fitness performance did not determine the selection of new players in a soccer elite reserve team. We may conclude that soccer academies should prioritize the selection and the training process of youth soccer players.

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