scholarly journals The Influence of Continuous and Interval Aerobic Training on the Oxidative Status of Woman Basketball Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Maric
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Enzyme Protection ◽  
Preparatory Stage ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT Oxidative stress is a state of disturbed balance between reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species on the one hand and on the other antioxidant protection. Increased oxygen consumption during exercise could be the cause of oxidative stress. Th e aim of this study was to monitoring the parameters of oxidative stress and components of antioxidative defense during the training process, establish oxidative status basketball players in standby mode after the load caused by two types of aerobic training - continuous aerobic and interval (HIIT) training. As part of a longitudinal experimental study selected a sample of 12 basketball players during the training process. All respondents were female, age 14 to 27 years. Th e study was conducted in preparatory stage. Oxidative status was determined through the index of lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS), nitric oxide (NO) in the form of nitrite (NO2) levels of superoxide anion radicals (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while the activity of the enzyme protection from oxidative damage was determined through superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduction glutathione (GSH). Th e group analyzed in relation to the type of the training intervention was signifi cantly diff erent from the results in the test in the parameters of NO and TBARS. When the enzyme activity of protection against oxidative damage statistically signifi cant diff erences between groups arise for CAT and GSH. Th e emergence of oxidative stress is not necessary phenomenon of high aerobic training load, training leads to the maintenance of physiological balance in the body.

scholarly journals Oxidative status evaluation in elite karate athletes during training process

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Pesic ◽  
Vladimir Jakovljevic ◽  
Dejan Cubrilo ◽  
Vladimir Zivkovic ◽  
Vladimir Jorga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Antioxidative Defense ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Long Run ◽  
State Of Rest ◽  
The One ◽  
Karate Athletes

Background/Aim. Oxidative stress is a state of disturbed balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) on the one hand, and antioxidative defense on the other. As a result of oxidative stress we have irreversible changes in cell function leading to pathological tissue changes, development of many diseases and fast aging process. Increased consumption of oxygen during exercise could be the cause of oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to establish oxidative status of elite karate athletes in the state of rest and after the loading, monitoring the parameters of oxidative stress and components of antioxidative defense in a treaining process. Methods. During training process, a group of 30 elite karate athletes was included in the study of prevalence. They were males, from 16 to 30 years of age. The examination was conducted both in resting condition and after the loading. Oxidative status was determined by the level of superoxide anion radical (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as prooxidants, and enzymes of the antioxidant defanse system: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Results. There was a homogenous group of young athletes of normal weight and fats percentage. A significant decrease of O?2- after the load was founded, while the levels of H2O2 was significantly increased. Activity of SOD was not significantly changed after exsercise while that of CAT was significantly increased. Conclusion. In the long run a programmed physical exercise does not lead to oxidative stress, but an excessive physical load may cause its occurrence.

scholarly journals PRDX6 Protects ARPE-19 Cells from Oxidative Damage via PI3K/AKT Signaling

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 2217-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zha ◽  
Guojiu Wu ◽  
Xueying Zhao ◽  
Liqiong Zhou ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
The Body ◽  
H2o2 Treatment

Background/Aims: Oxidative stress that damages cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) can cause the development of hereditary retinal disease (HRD). PRDX6, which is a member of the PRDX family, is essential for removing metabolic free radicals from the body. However, the effect of PRDX6 on oxidative stress in HRD remains unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of PRDX6 in oxidative stress-induced HRD in ARPE-19 cells and the molecular mechanism involved. Methods: ARPE-19 cells were used in the current study. Intracellular ROS levels were determined by flow cytometry. Lipid peroxidation was measured using a commercial MDA assay kit. Cellular variability was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis was determined using an Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit. mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by real-time PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Results: We found that H2O2 and blue light could induce significant oxidative stress damage and cell death in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, we found that PRDX6 levels significantly decreased after H2O2 treatment. PRDX6 overexpression protected ARPE-19 cells from H2O2- and blue light-induced oxidative damage, while PRDX6 knockdown enhanced oxidative damage in these cells. Mechanistically, we found that PRDX6 prevented oxidative damage and promoted ARPE-19 cell survival through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusions: Collectively, these results suggest that PRDX6 protects ARPE-19 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis and that this protection is mediated at least partially through the PI3K/AKT pathway.

The Changes of Oxidative Status Markers in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Hiv/Aids-Associated Lung`S Tuberculosis after the Course of Treatment

10.12737/5919 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Ясинский ◽  
R. Yasinskiy ◽  
Литвиненко ◽  
E. Litvinenko
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Protein Peroxidation ◽  
Hiv Aids

The changes in oxidative status indicators in patients with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS-associated pulmonary tuberculosis after the treatment depending on the course of the therapy were evaluated. It was found the increasing in the levels of protein peroxidation markers in spontaneous and induced oxidation and of lipid peroxidation markers in patients who treated with standard anti-TB and antiretroviral therapy in the dynamics. Its indicates the rise of the oxidative stress severity and disruption of adaptive-compensatory mechanisms, that exacerbates the disease. There were decreased levels of oxidative stress markers in dynamics and in comparison with indicators of other patients after 3 months of treatment in patients, who received the additional treatment with additional pathogenetic therapy with the inclusion of Contrycal, Glutoxim and laser therapy. The antioxidant protection indicators in patients, who received the additional pathogenetic treatment returned to normal or increased in the dynamics and these levels were higher, than that of other patients. In patients, treated with standard therapy, most indicators decreased in dynamics and in comparison with rates in control patients, and patients from the1 group. This suggests an imbalance in the oxidative status in the body after the standard treatment appointment and necessity of its pathogenetic correction.

Insecticide chlorpyrifos and fungicide carbendazim, common food contaminants mixture, induce hepatic, renal, and splenic oxidative damage in female rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
AO Abolaji ◽  
IO Awogbindin ◽  
IA Adedara ◽  
EO Farombi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities

The fungicide carbendazim (CBZ) and insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) are currently applied together by farmers for the control of pests. Here, we investigated the impacts of 7 days oral co-exposure to 10 mg/kg body weight of CPF and 50 mg/kg body weight of CBZ on selected oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers in the liver, kidney, and spleen of female rats. The results showed that while the body weight gain and relative organ weights were not significantly affected after separate exposure to CPF and CBZ, there was a significant decrease in the body weight gain with concomitant increases in the relative kidney and spleen weights of rats treated with the mixture. Also, CPF and CBZ co-exposure significantly increased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine ( p < 0.05) when compared with the groups treated with CBZ or CPF alone and the control. The significant decreases in both antioxidant enzymes activities and nonenzymatic antioxidant level following individual administration of CPF and CBZ to rats were intensified in the co-exposure group ( p < 0.05). Additionally, the marked increases in the levels of oxidative stress indices in liver, kidney, and spleen of rats treated with CPF or CBZ alone were intensified in the co-exposure group ( p < 0.05). Histopathologically, co-exposure to CPF and CBZ exacerbates their individual effects on the liver, kidney, and spleen. These findings showed that co-exposure to CPF and CBZ in rats elicited more severe oxidative damage on the liver, kidney, and spleen of the rats, indicative of an additive effect compared to CPF or CBZ alone and as such, may pose a greater environmental risk to humans.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Lead and Cadmium Toxicity and Its Amelioration

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Patra ◽  
Amiya K. Rautray ◽  
D. Swarup
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Body System ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Animal Exposure ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants

Oxidative stress has been implicated to play a role, at least in part, in pathogenesis of many disease conditions and toxicities in animals. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and free radicals beyond the cells intrinsic capacity to neutralize following xenobiotics exposure leads to a state of oxidative stress and resultant damages of lipids, protein, and DNA. Lead and cadmium are the common environmental heavy metal pollutants and have widespread distribution. Both natural and anthropogenic sources including mining, smelting, and other industrial processes are responsible for human and animal exposure. These pollutants, many a times, are copollutants leading to concurrent exposure to living beings and resultant synergistic deleterious health effects. Several mechanisms have been explained for the damaging effects on the body system. Of late, oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the lead- and cadmium-induced pathotoxicity. Several ameliorative measures to counteract the oxidative damage to the body system aftermath or during exposure to these toxicants have been assessed with the use of antioxidants. The present review focuses on mechanism of lead- and cadmium-induced oxidate damages and the ameliorative measures to counteract the oxidative damage and pathotoxicity with the use of supplemented antioxidants for their beneficial effects.

scholarly journals New Markers of Oxidative Damage to Macromolecules

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Čolak
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Specific Marker

New Markers of Oxidative Damage to Macromolecules The presence of free radicals in biological material has been discovered some 50 years ago. In physiological conditions, free radicals, in the first place the ones of oxygen and nitrogen, are continuously synthesized and involved in the regulation of a series of physiological processes. The excess of free radicals is efficiently eliminated from the body in order to prevent their toxic effects. Toxic effects of free radicals may be classified into three groups: a) change of intracellular redox potential, b) oxidative modification of lipids, proteins and DNA, and c) gene activation. Lipid peroxidation involving cell membranes, lipoproteins and other molecules leads to the production of primary high-reactive intermediaries (alkyl radicals, conjugated dienes, peroxy- and alkoxyl radicals and lipid hydroperoxide), whose further breakdown generates the secondary products of lipid peroxidation: short-chain evaporable hydrocarbons, aldehydes and final products of lipid peroxidation: isoprostanes, MDA, 4-hydroxy-2, 3-transnonenal and 4,5-dihydroxydecenal which are important mediators of atherosclerosis, coronary disease, acute myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis and lupus erythematodes. Oxidative modification of proteins is manifested by changes in their primary, secondary and tertiary structures. Proteins have a specific biological function, and therefore their modification results in unique functional consequences. The nature of protein modification may provide valid information on the type of oxidants causing the damage. Chlorotyrosyl is a specific marker of oxidative damage to tyrosine caused by HOCl action, which most commonly reflects the involvement of neutrophils and monocytes in oxidative stress, while nitrotyrosyl indicates the presence of higher peroxy-nitrite synthesis. Methyonin and cysteine are the amino acids most sensitive to oxidative stress, carbonyl groups are markers of severe damage caused by free radicals, and di-tyrosyl is the most significant and sensitive marker of oxidative modification made by γ rays. >Carbonyl stress< is an important form of the secondary oxidation of proteins, where reducing sugars non-enzymatically react with amino groups of proteins and lipids and give rise to the production of covalent compounds known as advanced glycosylated end products (AGE-products). A hydroxyl radical damages the DNA, leading to a loss of base and the formation of abasic sites (AP sites), break of DNA chain and sugar modification. Final lipid peroxidation products (MDA) may covalently bind to DNA, producing the >DNA radicals< which are responsible for mutations. Measurement of an adequate oxidative stress biomarker may not only point to an early onset of disease, its progression and assessment of therapy effectiveness, but can also help in the clarification of the pathophysiological mechanisms of tissue damage caused by oxidative stress, prediction of disease prognosis and choice of appropriate treatment in the early stages of disease.

scholarly journals Antioxidants Supplementation and Exercise Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Andy C. M. LOK ◽  
Stephen H. S. WONG
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Research Findings

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Physical exercise is known to have many beneficial effects. However, intense physical training can concomitantly result in increased free radical production in human body, thereby inducing a greater oxidative-stress that may cause damage to the cells. In this article, the mechanism of free radicals formation, the assessment of oxidative stress in human, and the defense system in the body against the anti-oxidative damage will be discussed. Studies in the effect of antioxidant supplementation on exercise performance will also be reviewed. Research findings suggest that supplementation of antioxidants can reduce the oxidative damage to muscle and other tissues induced by vigorous exercise. However, the effect of such supplementation on exercise performance remains unclear.雖然運動對人體所產生的益處已被廣泛肯定，可是高強度的運動訓練卻會增加體內自由基的濃度，從而損害身體的組織。本文綜述自由基形成的機制，身體對自由基的反應，與及如何量度自由基對身體的損害和補充抗氧化劑對運動能力的影響。研究證實補充抗氧化劑能有效減低身體受自由基的傷害，但能否增進運動能力則尚需探究。

scholarly journals PO-133 Effects of different concentrations of hydrogen on oxidative stress in rats with high intensity exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Geng ◽  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Chenggang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced

Objective Exercise-induced oxidative stress is due to the massive increase in free radicals caused by strenuous exercise, which exceeds the ability of self-clearing. It is one of the main causes of sports injury and sports fatigue. Eliminating excessive production of free radicals is the key to alleviating exercise induced oxidative damage. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study the effect of hydrogen on exercise-induced oxidative damage, to explore its possible mechanism and to explore the best dose of hydrogen with different concentrations. Methods 40 male SD rats (200±20g) were randomly divided into five groups(n=8):sedentary, exercise control, low concentration hydrogen with exercise(H1), medium concentration hydrogen with exercise(H2), high concentration hydrogen with exercise(H3). The rats performed high-intensity exercise for 4 weeks, except the sedentary. rats that with Low, medium and high concentration hydrogen were placed in a hydrogen atmosphere with a concentration of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% for 1 h immediately after each exercise (keeping the concentration of oxygen and nitrogen in the environment the same as those in the air). The rats were weighed weekly during the experiment. The next day after 4 weeks of training, the samples were collected, and the contents of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T- AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined respectively. Results The weight of exercise control was significantly lower than sedentary in the third and fourth weeks of exercise (P<0.05). Compared to sedentary rats, there was no significant difference in the weight of rats between H1, H2 and H3 group. The contents of T-AOC, CAT and T-SOD in exercise control were significantly higher than those in sedentary (P<0.05). The content of CAT in H2 group was significantly decreased compared with exercise control (P<0.01). Compared with exercise control, the T-AOC and T-SOD in the H2 group showed a downward trend but no statistical difference (P>0.05), there was no significant difference between the above indexes, compared with sedentary. In addition, there was no difference in T-SOD and CAT content between H1 group and exercise control; Compared with exercise control, there was no significant difference in T-SOD, T-AOC and CAT in H3 group. At the MDA level, each exercise group increased significantly compared with the sedentary (P<0.05), and the MDA levels in the H1, H2, and H3 groups were decreased compared with the exercise control, but there was no statistical difference. Conclusions It can be seen from the above results that different concentrations of hydrogen intervention can improve the weight loss of rats after intensive exercise. More importantly, the dosage and effect of 1% concentration of hydrogen is easier to remove the excessive radicals produced by intense exercise in the body, avoid the aggravation of oxidative stress, and have very good therapeutic effect. It provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the application of hydrogen in exercise oxidative damage. 

Antioxidant dynamics in the live animal and implications for ruminant health and product (meat/milk) quality: role of vitamin E and selenium

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surinder S. Chauhan ◽  
Pietro Celi ◽  
Eric N. Ponnampalam ◽  
Brian J. Leury ◽  
Fan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
The Impact

The global population is predicted to grow to over 9 billion by the middle of 21st century, with 70% of people living in urban areas, and food demand is projected to grow by 70% by 2050. Climate change presents a series of challenges for global animal agriculture. As a result of thermal challenges associated with climate variability, availability of quality pasture, animal behaviour, physiological and immunological functions are potentially impacted. Oxidative status plays an important role in the regulation and maintenance of several physiological and immunological functions of the body. Ruminants are exposed to several environmental and metabolic challenges that can trigger oxidative stress. In this scenario, it is possible for an increase in free radical production and a depletion of antioxidant reserves, resulting in damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Since oxidative stress can affect animal health and the quality of their products (meat/milk), antioxidant supplementation of ruminant diets represents a useful tool to sustain redox homeostasis when the ruminants are exposed to oxidative stress. This paper will examine the roles that oxidative stress plays in some physiological functions, and it will discuss the implications of antioxidant supplementation on ruminant health and production. Physiological levels of dietary antioxidants underpin efficient energy utilisation, optimal antioxidant potential, and balanced mitochondrial function to enhance protein deposition without impacting animal health. The research conducted over the last decade has improved the understanding of physiological functions of antioxidants, with selenium and vitamin E receiving particular attention. There is evidence that the functions of selenium and vitamin E extend beyond the classical antioxidant properties to immunomodulation especially when administered at higher doses than recommended. Improving the oxidative status of ruminants will play an important role in delivering high-quality milk and meat products to consumers. Considering the growing awareness among consumers of the benefits of antioxidant-rich food, there is a great opportunity for the livestock industries to focus on producing antioxidant-enriched milk and meat products or functional foods. Therefore, the premise of this paper is to review the recent developments in understanding antioxidant dynamics in ruminants and their role in reducing the impact of environmental stress and metabolic diseases. In addition, the paper will explore the putative implications that antioxidant supplementation has on the quality animal products and how the improved understanding can be best utilised to achieve efficient and sustainable animal production systems to ensure quality animal products for human consumption.

Compensatory-adaptive mechanism of cardiorespiratory system in athletes’ fatigue state

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Artem Savelyev
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Preparatory Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Competition Period ◽  
Sufficient Degree ◽  
Preparatory Stage ◽  
High Level

At the present level of sports development, the search for opportunities to improve the performance and endurance of athletes is one of the most important terms for achieving high sports results. Performing physical activity at the limit level makes increased demands on the ac-tivity of the body, requires more significant adaptive changes in the functioning of all organs and systems, but it allows to raise the overall level of efficiency. Factors that determine the effective-ness of combinations of training loads are the volume of loads, their direction and sequence of ex-ecution. Consideration of these factors should be reflected in the organization of the training process. The combination of training loads aimed at the education of general, special and strength endurance should be most often used in the general preparatory stage of the preparatory period, and the combination of loads aimed at the education of special, speed and strength endurance – in the special preparatory stage of the preparatory period and in the competitive period. Planning the volume and intensity of the training load and its implementation should correspond to the functional capabilities of the athlete’s body. To prevent the probability of any deviation from normal functioning of energy sustaining systems of the body, one needs a speedy and effective recovery of these systems. Only in this case the training process can proceed quite systematically, and the results of the trainee will become more stable at all stages of the competition period. All this makes it relevant to study the processes of rational interaction of cardiorespiratory and motor systems of the body during training and competition. This knowledge allows with a sufficient degree of accuracy to determine the development of the performance of athletes, optimize the training process, improve its quality and efficiency, maintain a high level of performance for a long time.

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